猜测词义技巧练习.doc

猜测词义技巧练习姓名： 日期：重难点讲解猜测词义的能力不光在考试时很重要，就连我们平时阅读英语文章时也很用得着哦。就象我们在看中文的文章时，并不是一碰到生词就去查字典，而是根据语境去猜测生词的。我们读英语文章时，也应养成这样的习惯和能力。 技巧训练：要想提高猜测词义的能力，我们可从以下七个方法下意识地进行阅读。 1. 根据定义或解释说明猜测生词的词义在be，be called，call等判断词出现的判断句中，可根据已知部分，猜测生词的含义。例如： （1）A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood. （2）A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. 你能猜出斜体部分单词的意思吗？mosquito是“蚊子”，carpenter是“木匠”。怎么样？不难吧？ 有时，我们还可根据定语从句或同位语对其修饰的先行词的词义做出推测。例如： His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. 不难猜出，zoologist就是“动物学家”的意思。 当看到文中的破折号“”时，我们也应该留点神，因为它也可引出起解释说明作用的同位语或具有同义的短语或从句。如： Some organizations of United Nations prefer to take on Polyglots as their workersthose who can understand as well as speak many languages. 这里，Polyglot指的是“懂而且会说多种语言的人”。你猜出来了吗？ 2. 根据对比关系猜测生词的词义 在but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显的对比关系。根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。如： （1）Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. grubby是什么意思呢？和clean相对，便是“肮脏的”了。 （2）John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things ; his wife, however, is very thrifty. 和wastes a lot of money相对比，thrifty就是“节俭的”意思。 3. 通过因果关系猜测词义 because , since与as是连结原因状语从句的从属连词，so是连结表示结果的并列句的连词，so.that与such.that中的that是连结结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分，就能猜出生词的词义。例如： （1）She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 根据后边的原因，我们就可推测出trim就是“修剪”的意思。right ? Ok, its your turn.看看你能否正确猜出下句中斜体词的意思。（2）The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. 根据that引导的结果状语从句，可以猜出，turbid的意思是“浑浊的”。你猜对了吗？ 4. 根据生活常识猜测词义 运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。下面文字中斜体单词的词义你能猜出来吗？ （1）Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects. （2）Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 句子的已知部分和我们的常识告诉我们： wings是“翅膀”；beaks是“喙”；claws是“爪子”；wither表示“枯萎”。 5. 根据同等关系猜测词义 同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义都属于同一范畴。明显的标志是，这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。例如：（1）At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy. （2）Are people born intelligent or stupid? 你能根据同等关系猜出斜体词的意思吗？从“年龄42岁”以及与prime具有同等关系的full of energy，可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年时期”。从选择连词or“还是”以及与intelligent处于同等位置的stupid“愚蠢的”可以猜测intelligent是“聪明的”意思。 6. 根据列举的事例猜测词义 如：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. 从后面列举的例子可以猜出periodical是“期刊，杂志”的意思。 7. 根据构词法知识猜测词义 根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。如： The colors of Hawaii in summer are unforgettable. 根据构词法和我们已熟悉的词forget，我们可以知道unforgettable就是“令人难忘的”意思。【典型例题】猜测词义技巧练习：根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义。1. John drives too fast , and he often drives in the middle of the street. He doesnt watch what the other cars are doing. He is a reckless driver. A. very careful B. very careless C. very harmful D. very harmless2. When Glen finished college，he couldnt find a job. Then his luck changed. A big engineering company hired him. A. give him a job B. paid him C. told him to stop working D. told him about his future3. A computer is a complex machine. It is not simple.A. simple B. complicated C. beautiful D. expensive4. Children like to play with water . After it rains , they will walk in every puddle they can find.A. rainfall B. water sitting in the street C. snow D. a small river5. Chicken pox can be very serious for a child who is not in good health. The child develops red spots , and feels hot and uncomfortable . A healthy child gets well quickly. A. a kind of animal B. a kind of food C. a kind of childhood disease D. a lack of pure water6. Ali showed the class a picture of him, his wife , and their baby . Pierres family has lived in the east of Canada for two hundred years . Their ancestors came from France. A. family members from a long time ago. B. grandparents and their grandchildren.C. parents, grandparents and great-grandparents. D. family members all living at the same time7. Some Africans carve beautiful human and animal figures out of woodThey sell their carvings to stores and museumsA. draw B. beat C. heat D. cut8. When an army officer gives a command, his men and women must fo1low it.A. comma B. order C. question D. present9. The offspring of a pair of birds leave the nest when they are big enough to fly.A. children B. ancestors C. generations D. mates10. There is a stack of papers on Mr. Greens desk.A. piece B. balance C. mixture D. pile11. I cannot afford a new car. I have to buy a used one.A. have enough money to buy something B. search forC. gather the necessary information D. use one in an emergency12. The speed limit is 60 kilometers per hour on this street.A. fast B. slow C. an D. even though13. Before you buy something，check the quality first. For example, if it is cheap, it might not be good. A. how good it is B. what the color is C. what the size is D. how big it is14. Please give me your recipe for this cake , so I can make it too. A. a dish B. directions for cooking C. a meal D. directions to your house15. Water, oil and coffee are examples of a liquid.A. something you can drink B. something you can burn C. something you can pour D. something from plants16. The weather in Xiamen is hot and humid. A desert is dry. A. wet B. dry C. cold D. windy17. Before a baby learns to walk, it has to crawl on the floor.A. walk on two feet B. fly C. sit in a chair D. move on the hands and knees18. Coffee originally came from Ethiopia. Now many tropical countries grow it. A. now B. in the future C. in the beginning D. at present19. The scalp covers the head. Hair grows out of it.A. a kind of hat B. the color of hair C. a cloth over the head D. the skin on the head20. It is a mystery why some people can learn language very easily and others have great difficulty.A. something easy to understand B. something no one understandsC. something beautiful D. something terrible21. Danish and Norwegian are similar languages. If you speak one, you can understand the other. A. difficult B. almost the same C. easy D. very different22. This is a glass of pure milk. There is nothing but milk in the glass.A. cold B. warm C. white D. 100%23. Mr. Brown is an amateur photographer. He is an engineer. But in his free time he likes to take pictures. A. as a hobby B. for money C. as a job D. as work24. This small Christmas tree is made of plastic. It is not a real tree. It is artificial. A. beautiful B. not natural C. for a special holiday D. in an art museum 25. Ronald Amundsen was a great explorer. He was the first person to reach the South Pole.A. a person who works in international business and travels a lot B. a place that is difficult to findC. something that an airplane carries D. a person who looks for new places and information about them26. Some people like to keep a journal. They write in it every day. They write about what they did , what happened , and what they thought.A. a magazine about scientific research B. a textbook C. a sports magazine D. a notebook about their daily activities27. Farmers raise cattle for beef and milk.A. pigs B. horses C. sheep D. cows28. The doctor gave me some medicine. It will cure my sickness. A. make worse B. make sick C. make better D. make lighter29. The kiwi lays the largest eggs in the world. The strange thing about the kiwi is that it cannot fly. A. a kind of fish B. a kind of cat C. a kind of rock D. a kind of bird30. When the hurricane hit the coast, it blew down buildings and trees.A. the dry season B. a huge truck C. high water D. a powerful windstorm【模拟试题】 （一）A well-known old man was being interviewed（采访）and was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his ninetyninth birthday. “Thats right.”said the old man. “Ninetynine years old, and I havent an enemy in the world. Theyre all dead.” “Well, sir,”said the interviewer, “I hope very much to have the honour of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday.” The old man looked at the young man closely, and said, “I cant see why you shouldnt. You look fit and healthy to me!”1. The old man said he had not an enemy in the world, which shows that he was a very .A. friendly man he never made any enemies B. healthy man he lived longer than all his enemiesC. lucky man his enemies had all died D. terrible man he had got rid of all his enemies2. When the interviewer said that he hoped very much to have the honour of interviewing the old man again the following year, .A. he was trying to make the old man happy B. he wished he himself would live another yearC. he did not believe the old man would live to be one hundredD. he did not believe he would interview the old man again3. When the old man said “I cant see why you shouldnt ”, what he meant was:A. “You must try to live another year to interview me again next year.”B. “Of course, you can see me again since youre so fit and healthy.”C. “If I live to a hundred years, you should interview me again.”D. “Unless you live another year, you wouldnt be able to interview me again.”4. What kind of man would you say the old man was?A. He was silly. B. He was unpleasant.C. He was very proud and sure of his health. D. He was very impolite to young people.（二）Joe and Helen Mills had two small children. One was six and the other four. They always resisted going to bed, and Helen was always complaining（抱怨）about this and asking Joe for help. But as he did not come home until after they had gone, to bed during the week, he was unable to help except at weekends. Joe considered himself a good singer, but really his voice was not at all musical. However, he decided that, if he sang to the children when they went to bed, it would help them to relax, and they would soon go to sleep. He did this every Saturday and Sunday night until he heard his small son whispered to his younger sister, “If you pretend that youre asleep, he stops.”1. The children always resisted going to bed, which .A. made Helen suffer a lot B. satisfied their mother C. Helen was not satisfied with D. gave Helen much trouble 2. The husband couldnt help the wife to look after the children .A. because he returned from