What Your Fifth Grader Needs to Know——五年级全科核心知识英语读本(原版引进 中文注解).doc

目录ContentsAcknowledgments致谢A Note to Parents and Teachers家长和教师使用说明Introduction to the Revised Edition修订版说明General Introduction to the Core Knowledge Series核心知识系列读本前言. Language and Literature语言和文学Introduction引言Poetry 诗歌A Wise Old Owl 一只聪明的老猫头鹰The Eagle 鹰The Arrow and the Song 箭与歌The Road Not Taken 未选择的路The Snow-storm 暴风雪I Hear America Singing 我听见美利坚在歌唱Incident 一件小事I like to see it lap the Miles我爱看它舔食一哩又一哩A Bird came down the Walk一只小鸟沿小径走来The Tyger 老虎A Poison Tree 一棵毒树Barbara Frietchie 芭芭拉弗里切O Captain! My Captain!哦，船长！我的船长！ Casey at the Bat 凯西站上打击区Stories, Myths, and Legends 故事、神话和传说The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 汤姆索耶历险记Don Quixote 堂吉诃德Little Women 小妇人Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass 弗雷德里克道格拉斯的生平自述The Secret Garden 秘密花园The Red-Headed League 红发会The Samurais Daughter 武士的女儿The Sun Dance太阳舞Coyote Goes to the Land of the Dead 郊狼去亡灵之地Learning About Literature 文学知识Literal and Figurative Language 直陈性语言与修辞性语言Imagery 意象Simile and Metaphor 明喻和暗喻Symbols 象征Personification 拟人Onomatopoeia 拟声Alliteration 头韵Drama 戏剧Shakespeare 莎士比亚Shakespeares Comedies 莎士比亚的喜剧Learning About Language 语言知识Subjects and Verbs 主语和动词Sentence Fragments 不完整句Run-On Sentences 连写句Direct Objects 直接宾语Indirect Objects 间接宾语Predicates 谓语Nouns 名词Adjectives and Adverbs 形容词和副词Interjections 感叹词Personal Pronouns 人称代词Agreement in Case格的一致Possessive Case 所有格Agreement in Gender 性的一致Agreement in Number 数的一致The Versatile Comma 用途广泛的逗号Colons and Italics 冒号和斜体Writing 写作Researching and Writing a Report 研究并撰写报告Prefixes 前缀Suffixes 后缀Sayings and Phrases 谚语和短语Birthday suit赤身裸体Bite the hand that feeds you咬喂养你的手（恩将仇报） Catch forty winks打盹儿 Chip on your shoulder采取挑衅的态度 Count your blessings.多想想你的福气 Eat crow 被迫收回自己说过的话Eleventh hour最后一刻 Eureka!我找到了！ Every cloud has a silver lining.每朵乌云都有银边 Few and far between 稀少的The grass is always greener on the other side of the hill. 草总是山那边的更绿Kill two birds with one stone 一石二鸟Lock, stock, and barrel 一样不落Make a mountain out of a molehill将鼹鼠丘当成一座山（小题大做） A miss is as good as a mile. 差一点等于差一英里（错误再小也是错）Its never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚 Out of the frying pan and into the fire跳出煎锅，又落火坑（逃脱小难，更遭大难） A penny saved is a penny earned. 省一分钱就等于挣一分钱Read between the lines 读懂字里行间的意思（体会言外之意）Sit on the fence 采取骑墙的态度（保持中立）Steal his/her thunder窃取某人的发明或创意 Take the bull by the horns捉牛执角（采取果断行动） Till the cows come home直到母牛都回家了（遥遥无期） Time heals all wounds. 时间会治愈所有的创伤Tom, Dick, and Harry 汤姆、迪克和哈利（每一个人）Vice versa 反之亦然A watched pot never boils. 被盯着的水壶总不开Well begun is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半What will be will be. 该来的总会来. History and Geography 历史和地理Introduction引言World Geography 世界地理Reference Points 参照点Latitude and Longitude 纬度与经度Arctic and Antarctic 北极地区和南极地区Tropical, Temperate, Frigid 热带、温带和寒带The Seasons 季节Its About Time 关于时间：时区和国际日期变更线Round Earth, Flat Map圆圆的地球，平面的地图The Mercator Projection 墨卡托投影Conic and Plane Projection圆锥投影和平面投影Lakes 湖泊Salty Lakes and River Sources 咸水湖与河源Lakes of the World 世界上的湖泊Early Civilizations of the Americas 美洲的早期文明The Maya, Aztecs, and Incas 玛雅人、阿兹特克人和印加人The Maya 玛雅人Maya Life and Learning 玛雅人的生活与学识Where Did They Go?他们去了哪里？ The Aztecs 阿兹特克人A Fierce Religion 极端的宗教Two Worlds Meet 两个世界的相遇：西班牙人入侵阿兹特克帝国The Incas 印加人Pizarro皮萨罗：印加帝国的征服者European Exploration 欧洲人的探险The Discovery of the “New World”发现“新世界”Control of Trade 控制贸易Early Portuguese Explorations 葡萄牙人的早期探险Christopher Columbus 克里斯托弗哥伦布：“新大陆”的发现者Who Will Rule the Waves? 谁是海上霸主？Da Gama 达伽马：第一位航行至印度的欧洲人Cabral 卡布拉尔：巴西的发现者Magellan Goes Around the World 麦哲伦环游世界The Dutch Head East 荷兰人向东进发 The Pacific Islands and the Ring of Fire 太平洋岛屿与太平洋火圈Where Are the English?英国人在哪里？ Europes New World Colonies 欧洲人在新世界的殖民地Bartolom de las Casas巴托洛梅德拉斯卡萨斯：印第安人的保护者Sugar, Plantations, and Slavery 蔗糖、种植园和奴隶制The Transatlantic Slave Trade 横跨大西洋的奴隶贸易The Middle Passage 大西洋中段航程The Renaissance and Reformation 文艺复兴与宗教改革Islamic Learning 伊斯兰学术The Renaissance 文艺复兴Florence and the Medici 佛罗伦萨和美第奇家族Beyond Florence佛罗伦萨之外Princes and Courtiers 王公与侍臣Gutenberg 谷登堡：欧洲金属活字印刷术的发明者Martin Luther马丁路德 Protestantism and Calvinism 新教和加尔文主义The Counter-Reformation 反宗教改革运动England英格兰Henry VIII亨利八世 Protestant or Catholic? 新教还是天主教？Elizabeth I 伊丽莎白一世The Spanish Armada 西班牙无敌舰队James I 詹姆斯一世Charles I 查理一世The Civil War 英国内战Charles II and the Restoration 查理二世与王政复辟James II and the Glorious Revolution 詹姆斯二世与光荣革命The Bill of Rights 权利法案Russia 俄罗斯Ivan the Great 伊凡大帝Ivan the Terrible 恐怖的伊凡Peter the Great 彼得大帝Catherine the Great 叶卡捷琳娜大帝Feudal Japan 封建时代的日本Land of the Rising Sun日出之国 Japanese Feudalism 日本的封建制度Japanese Religions 日本的宗教Westward Expansion Before the Civil War 南北战争前的西进运动New Nation, New Lands 新的国家，新的土地The Louisiana Purchase路易斯安那购地The Fur Trade 毛皮贸易Moving West 向西进发“Theres Gold in Them Thar Hills!”“那些山里有黄金！”Getting There 到那里去Broken Treaties 背弃的条约Manifest Destiny命定扩张论 The Mexican-American War 美墨战争The Civil War 南北战争North and South 北方和南方The Missouri Compromise密苏里妥协案 The Mason-Dixon Line 梅森狄克森线Abolitionists 废奴主义者How Some Slaves Resisted一些奴隶的反抗方式 The Dred Scott Decision 德雷德斯科特裁决The Lincoln-Douglas Debates林肯与道格拉斯的辩论 John Brown 约翰布朗：废奴英雄StatesRights and Secession各州的权利与脱离联邦 Lincoln Elected: Southern States Secede 林肯当选：南方各州退出联邦Fort Sumter: The Civil War Begins 萨姆特堡：南北战争打响Eager to Fight 斗志昂扬The Confederacy南部邦联 Robert E. Lee 罗伯特E.李：南部邦联军队总司令Ulysses S. Grant 尤利西斯S.格兰特：北部联邦军队总司令The Soldiers南北战争中的士兵 Yanks and Rebs, Blue and Gray 北方佬和叛军，蓝色和灰色SoldiersSongs 士兵们的歌Antietam and the Emancipation Proclamation 安蒂特姆河与解放奴隶宣言African-American Troops 非裔美国人士兵The Misery of War 战争造成的不幸The Ironclads 装甲舰Gettysburg 葛底斯堡Lincolns Gettysburg Address 林肯的葛底斯堡演说 The Arithmetic of the Gettysburg Address 葛底斯堡演说中的算术运算Shermans March to the Sea谢尔曼：向海洋进军 Lincoln Is Reelected林肯连任总统 Richmond Falls 里士满陷落Surrender at Appomattox阿波马托克斯受降Lincoln Is Assassinated 林肯遇刺Reconstruction 美国重建时期Repairing the “House Divided”修复“分裂之家”Johnsons Plan for Reconstruction 约翰逊的重建计划Black Codes 黑人法典Scalawags and Carpetbaggers 无赖汉和提包客The Freedmens Bureau 被解放黑奴事务管理局The Impeachment of President Johnson 约翰逊总统弹劾案Three Important Amendments三个重要的修正案 The End of Reconstruction 重建时期的结束Westward Expansion After the Civil War 南北战争后的西进运动“Go West, Young Man！” “到西部去，年轻人！”Homesteaders 定居移民The Transcontinental Railroad 横贯大陆的铁路Buffalo Soldiers 布法罗士兵Cowboys 牛仔The Wild West 荒蛮的西部Sewards Folly 苏厄德的蠢事The Closing of the American Frontier 美国边疆时代的结束Native Americans: Cultures and Conflicts 美国印第安人：文化与冲突Natives and Settlers 原住民与移民Indians of the Southwest 西南部的印第安人Indians of the Pacific Northwest西北部太平洋沿岸地区的印第安人Indians of the Great Basin and the Plateau大盆地和高原的印第安人 Indians of the Plains 大平原印第安人The Buffalo Disappear 野牛消失Reservations 保留地The Sand Creek Massacre 沙溪大屠杀Little Big Horn 小比格霍恩河战役“I will fight no more forever.” “我永远都不再作战了。”The Ghost Dance 鬼魂舞Attempts to Assimilate the Indians同化印第安人的尝试 Splitting Up Reservations 分割保留地U.S. Geography 美国地理Regions of the United States美国的行政区域 Alaska and Hawaii 阿拉斯加和夏威夷. Visual Arts视觉艺术Introduction引言The Renaissance 文艺复兴The Rebirth of the Arts 艺术的重生Beautiful Things 美好的事物The Harmony of the Body和谐的人体 A New Perspective 新颖的透视画法Leonardo: Renaissance Man 列奥纳多：博学之士The Last Supper 最后的晚餐Michelangelo and the Sistine Ceiling米开朗琪罗与西斯廷礼拜堂天花板壁画Raphael: Painter of Madonnas 拉斐尔：圣母玛利亚题材画家Renaissance Sculpture 文艺复兴时期的雕塑Renaissance Architecture 文艺复兴时期的建筑The Northern Renaissance北方文艺复兴 Bruegel: Painter of Peasants 勃鲁盖尔：农民题材画家The Proud Artist 骄傲的艺术家American Art 美国艺术The Lives of Americans美国人的生活American Landscapes 美国风景画The Civil War in Art 艺术作品中的南北战争Japanese Art 日本艺术Buddhism and Japanese Art 佛教和日本艺术. Music音乐Introduction 引言 Elements of Music 音乐要素What All Music Has in Common 音乐的共同点High Notes and Low Notes高音符与低音符 Short Notes and Long Notes 短音符与长音符Dotted and Tied Notes 附点音符与延音符Time for a Rest 休止符Measures and Bar Lines 小节与小节线Could You Repeat That? 你能重复一遍吗？Time Signatures 拍号The Treble Clef 高音谱号From Sheet Music to Sound 从乐谱到声音Sharps and Flats 升半音与降半音Italian for Composers作曲家用到的意大利语 You Gotta Have Rhythm 你要抓住节奏Verse and Refrain 段落与副歌Harmony 和声Listening and Understanding 聆听和理解Polyphonic Music 复调音乐Canons and Rounds 卡农曲与轮唱曲Renaissance Composers 文艺复兴时期的作曲家Lute Music 鲁特琴音乐John Dowland 约翰道兰德Mendelssohns Midsummers Night门德尔松的仲夏夜之梦Beethoven: A Stormy Life Set to Music 贝多芬：用音乐诠释暴风雨般的人生Mussorgsky: Painting Pictures with Music 穆索尔斯基：用音乐作画Spirituals 黑人灵歌Sorrow Songs 悲伤之歌Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child 有时我觉得自己像个孤儿Down by the Riverside走在河岸上Wayfaring Stranger旅途中的异乡人Songs About Westward Expansion 美国西进运动歌曲Sweet Betsy from Pike来自派克的贝特西Shenandoah 谢南多Git Along, Little Dogies向前走，小牛犊Songs About Love and Lovers 关于爱和爱人的歌曲Danny Boy 丹尼男孩Red River Valley 红河谷. Mathematics数学Introduction引言Numbers and Number Sense 数和数感Billions 十亿Place Value and Expanded Form 位值和展开式Comparing Large Numbers 比较多位数大小Positive and Negative Numbers 正数和负数Integers整数Comparing Integers 比较整数大小Adding Integers 整数加法Subtracting Integers 整数减法Rounding四舍五入 Squares and Square Roots 平方和平方根Exponents 指数Powers of Ten 10的乘方Sets 集合Prime Numbers 质数Prime Factors 质因数Greatest Common Factor 最大公因数Least Common Multiple 最小公倍数Computation 计算Properties of Addition 加法的性质Variables 变量Inverse Operations, Equations 逆运算和方程Properties of Multiplication 乘法的性质Multiplication and Division as Inverse Operations 乘除法互逆运算Multiplying Large Factors 多位数的乘法Estimating a Product 估算乘积Division and Divisibility 除法和整除性Short Division 短除法Long Division 长除法More Two-Digit Divisors 除数为两位数的除法练习Three-Digit Divisors 三位数的除数Decimals, Fractions, and Mixed Numbers小数、分数和带分数Decimals 小数Decimals on a Number Line 在数轴上标出小数Comparing Decimals 比较小数的大小Decimal Sums and Differences 小数的和与差Multiplying Decimals 小数的乘法Multiplying Decimals by 10, 100, 1000小数乘以10、100、1000 Estimating Decimal Products 估算小数的乘积Multiplying a Decimal by a Decimal 小数乘小数Checking Decimal Products 验算小数的乘积Decimal Division 小数的除法Writing Zeros in the Dividend 在被除数后面加0Dividing Whole Numbers Without Remainders 将整数除尽Dividing by 10, 100, 1000 小数除以10、100、1000Rounding Decimal Quotients 小数商的四舍五入Checking Inexact Division 验算不精确的除法Equivalent Fractions 等值分数Lowest Terms 最简分数Comparing Fractions 比较分数大小Comparing Fractions on a Number Line 在数轴上比较分数大小Adding Fractions 分数加法Subtracting Fractions 分数减法Mixed Numbers and Fractions 带分数和分数Decimals, Mixed Numbers, and Fractions 小数、带分数和分数Adding Mixed Numbers 带分数加法Subtracting Mixed Numbers 带分数减法Multiplying Fractions and Whole Numbers 分数和整数相乘Ratios, Percents, and Probabilities 比例、百分数和概率Ratio 比例Scale 比例尺Rates and Speed比率与速度 Percent 百分数Percents and Fractions 百分数和分数Percents and Decimals 百分数和小数Writing Fractions, Decimals, or Percents 书写分数、小数或百分数Finding a Percent of a Number 求一个数的百分数Finding an Average 求平均数Probability 概率Graphs, Functions, and Word Problems 图表、函数和应用题Circle Graphs 圆形图Bar Graphs 条形图Line Graphs 线状图Functions and Inverse Operations 函数和逆运算Graphing Functions 绘制函数图Writing and Solving Equations for Word Problems 应用题：列出和解答方程式Geometry 几何学Angles角 Kinds of Angles 角的种类Kinds of Triangles三角形的种类 Polygons 多边形Diagonals 对角线Circles 圆Area 面积Finding the Area of a Triangle求三角形的面积 Finding the Area of a Parallelogram 求平行四边形的面积Finding Areas of Other Figures求其他图形的面积 Rectangular Prisms 长方体Volume 体积Volume and Surface Area 体积和表面积Changing U.S. Customary Units of Volume 美国常用体积单位的换算Changing Metric Units of Volume 公制体积单位的换算Volume and Capacity体积和容积. Science科学Introduction引言Chemistry: Matter and Change化学：物质和变化 Atoms 原子John Dalton 约翰道尔顿The Parts of Atoms 原子结构Mendeleev and the Periods 门捷列夫和元素周期律Explaining the Periods 元素周期律的解释Elements and Abbreviations 元素和缩写符号Metals and Non-Metals 金属元素和非金属元素Molecules 分子Compounds 化合物Physical and Chemical Changes 物理变化和化学变化Classifying Living Things 生物分类Why Classify?为什么要分类？ Classifying Organisms 有机体的分类Cells 细胞The Parts o