设计模式之C++版.doc

这里，对设计模式的概念就不细说了，凡是用过或者看过这方面书籍的都应该有所了解。鄙人认为正是设计模式的出现，使得C+的三大性质封装、继承和多态发挥的淋漓尽致。尤其是多态性质，可以说是面向对的精髓所在。封装性是为了很好的管理数据和方法；继承是为了提高代码的重用；而多态的出现，使得执行过程中，出现多样性，调用一个方法时，可以从父类跳到子类执行，又从子类调用父类的方法等等，函数调用过程呈现曲线形式。总之，执行期，表现出多样化。所以，要想很好的掌握设计模式，必须对多态性有很深的了解，再则，对类与类之间的关系有个清晰的认识，类与类之间的关系，无非6大关系继承和实现、依赖和关联、组合和聚合。每个模式都是对类之间的这6种关系进行组合，呈现出不同的表现形式，下面，一一介绍23种设计模式，用到的类之间的关系和C+代码（在VS2008调试没问题的）。先说创建型模式：1、Factory Pattern 工厂模式使用到的类关系：继承和依赖图 1 工厂模式UML图Head.h#ifndef _FACTORY_HEAD_#define _FACTORY_HEAD_#include using std:cout;using std:endl;class CProduct;class CFactoryprivate:public:CFactory()CFactory()public:virtual CProduct* CreateProduct() = 0;class CConcreteFactory : public CFactoryprivate:public:CConcreteFactory();CConcreteFactory();public:virtual CProduct* CreateProduct();class CProductprivate:public:CProduct()CProduct()public:virtual void Operation()=0;class CConcreteProduct1 : public CProductprivate:public:CConcreteProduct1();CConcreteProduct1();public:virtual void Operation();class CConcreteProduct2 : public CProductprivate:public:CConcreteProduct2();CConcreteProduct2();public:virtual void Operation();#endifMain.cpp#include Head.hCConcreteFactory:CConcreteFactory()CConcreteFactory:CConcreteFactory()CProduct* CConcreteFactory:CreateProduct()return new CConcreteProduct2();/CConcreteProduct1:CConcreteProduct1()CConcreteProduct1:CConcreteProduct1()void CConcreteProduct1:Operation()coutCConcreteProduct1 Operation!endl;/CConcreteProduct2:CConcreteProduct2()CConcreteProduct2:CConcreteProduct2()void CConcreteProduct2:Operation()coutCConcreteProduct2 Operation!CreateProduct();if (pPro != NULL)pPro-Operation();delete pPro;delete pFac;return 0;2、AbstractFactory Pattern 抽象工厂模式使用到的类关系：继承和依赖图2 抽象工厂模式Head.h#ifndef _ABSTRACT_FACTORY_HEAD_#define _ABSTRACT_FACTORY_HEAD_#include using std:cout;using std:endl;class CProductA;class CProductB;class CAbstractFactoryprivate:public:CAbstractFactory()CAbstractFactory()public:virtual CProductA* CreateProductA() = 0;virtual CProductB* CreateProductB() = 0;class CConcreteAbstractFactory1 : public CAbstractFactoryprivate:public:CConcreteAbstractFactory1();CConcreteAbstractFactory1();public:virtual CProductA* CreateProductA();virtual CProductB* CreateProductB();class CConcreteAbstractFactory2 : public CAbstractFactoryprivate:public:CConcreteAbstractFactory2();CConcreteAbstractFactory2();public:virtual CProductA* CreateProductA();virtual CProductB* CreateProductB();class CProductAprivate:public:CProductA()CProductA()public:virtual void Operation()=0;class CConcreteProductA1 : public CProductAprivate:public:CConcreteProductA1();CConcreteProductA1();public:virtual void Operation();class CConcreteProductA2 : public CProductAprivate:public:CConcreteProductA2();CConcreteProductA2();public:virtual void Operation();class CProductBprivate:public:CProductB()CProductB()public:virtual void Operation()=0;class CConcreteProductB1 : public CProductBprivate:public:CConcreteProductB1();CConcreteProductB1();public:virtual void Operation();class CConcreteProductB2 : public CProductBprivate:public:CConcreteProductB2();CConcreteProductB2();public:virtual void Operation();#endifMain.cpp#include Head.hCConcreteAbstractFactory1:CConcreteAbstractFactory1()CConcreteAbstractFactory1:CConcreteAbstractFactory1()CProductA* CConcreteAbstractFactory1:CreateProductA()return new CConcreteProductA1();CProductB* CConcreteAbstractFactory1:CreateProductB()return new CConcreteProductB1();/CConcreteAbstractFactory2/CConcreteAbstractFactory2:CConcreteAbstractFactory2()CConcreteAbstractFactory2:CConcreteAbstractFactory2()CProductA* CConcreteAbstractFactory2:CreateProductA()return new CConcreteProductA2();CProductB* CConcreteAbstractFactory2:CreateProductB()return new CConcreteProductB2();/CConcreteProductA1/CConcreteProductA1:CConcreteProductA1()CConcreteProductA1:CConcreteProductA1()void CConcreteProductA1:Operation()coutCConcreteProductA1 Operation!endl;/CConcreteProductA2/CConcreteProductA2:CConcreteProductA2()CConcreteProductA2:CConcreteProductA2()void CConcreteProductA2:Operation()coutCConcreteProductA2 Operation!endl;/CConcreteProductB1/CConcreteProductB1:CConcreteProductB1()CConcreteProductB1:CConcreteProductB1()void CConcreteProductB1:Operation()coutCConcreteProductB1 Operation!endl;/CConcreteProductB2/CConcreteProductB2:CConcreteProductB2()CConcreteProductB2:CConcreteProductB2()void CConcreteProductB2:Operation()coutCConcreteProductB2 Operation!CreateProductA();if (pProA1 != NULL)pProA1-Operation();CProductB* pProB1 = pFac-CreateProductB();if (pProB1 != NULL)pProB1-Operation();delete pProA1;delete pProB1;delete pFac;return 0;3、单例模式使用到的类关系：无单例模式很简单，目的就是只创建一个实例，关键是他的构造函数私有的，所以在外部是不能被调用的，只能使用自己的实例化函数进行构造，而实例化函数中，保证了只创建一个实例，下次在调用，如果判断已经创建了一个实例，则只返回已创建的实例，详看程序。图3 单例模式Head.h#ifndef _SINGLETON_HEAD_#define _SINGLETON_HEAD_#include using std:cout;using std:endl;class CSingletonprivate:static CSingleton* m_pSelf;private:CSingleton() / 把构造函数访问权限设置为private, 使得外部不能访问public:CSingleton();public:static CSingleton* Instance(); / 实例化函数void Operation();#endifMain.cpp#include Head.hCSingleton* CSingleton:m_pSelf = NULL;CSingleton:CSingleton()if (m_pSelf != NULL)delete m_pSelf;m_pSelf = NULL;CSingleton* CSingleton:Instance()if (NULL = m_pSelf)m_pSelf = new CSingleton(); / 只有在类内部才能调用构造函数return m_pSelf;void CSingleton:Operation()coutthe Address is thisOperation();CSingleton* pS1 = CSingleton:Instance();if (NULL != pS1)pS1-Operation();return 0;4、Builder Pattern 建造者模式使用到的类关系：组合、继承和依赖图4 建造者模式Head.h#ifndef _BUILDER_HEAD_#define _BUILDER_HEAD_#include #include using std:string;using std:cout;using std:endl;class CProduct;class CBuilder;class CDirectorprivate:CBuilder* m_pBuilder;public:CDirector(CBuilder* pBuilder);CDirector();void ConstructProduct();class CBuilderprivate:public:CBuilder()CBuilder()public:virtual void BuildPartA(const string& strA)=0;virtual void BuildPartB(const string& strB)=0;virtual void BuildPartC(const string& strC)=0;virtual CProduct* GetProduct() = 0;class CConcreteBuilder : public CBuilderprivate:public:CConcreteBuilder();CConcreteBuilder();public:virtual void BuildPartA(const string& strA);virtual void BuildPartB(const string& strB);virtual void BuildPartC(const string& strC);virtual CProduct* GetProduct();class CProductprivate:public:CProduct()CProduct()public:void Operation();#endifMain.cpp#include Head.hCDirector:CDirector(CBuilder* pBuilder)m_pBuilder = pBuilder;CDirector:CDirector()if (m_pBuilder != NULL)delete m_pBuilder;m_pBuilder = NULL;void CDirector:ConstructProduct()CProduct* pPro = NULL;if (m_pBuilder != NULL)pPro = m_pBuilder-GetProduct();if (pPro != NULL)pPro-Operation();delete pPro;pPro = NULL;CConcreteBuilder:CConcreteBuilder()CConcreteBuilder:CConcreteBuilder()void CConcreteBuilder:BuildPartA(const string& strA)coutstrAendl;void CConcreteBuilder:BuildPartB(const string& strB)coutstrBendl;void CConcreteBuilder:BuildPartC(const string& strC)coutstrCendl;CProduct* CConcreteBuilder:GetProduct()BuildPartA(hong);BuildPartB(ji);BuildPartC(hai);return new CProduct();void CProduct:Operation()coutCProduct OperationConstructProduct();delete pDir;pDir = NULL;return 0;5、prototype 原型模式创建型模式的最后一个，其实原型模式的目的很简单，就是克隆一个已有的对象，所以其作用和拷贝构造函数相似.使用到的类关系：继承图5 原型模式Head.h#ifndef _PROTOTYPE_HEAD_#define _PROTOTYPE_HEAD_#include using std:cout;using std:endl;class CPrototypeprivate:public:CPrototype()CPrototype()public:virtual CPrototype* Clone()const = 0;virtual void Operation()const=0;class CConcretePrototype: public CPrototypeprivate:public:CConcretePrototype()CConcretePrototype(const CConcretePrototype& self);CConcretePrototype()public:virtual CPrototype* Clone()const;public:void Operation()const;#endifMain.cpp#include Head.hCConcretePrototype:CConcretePrototype(const CConcretePrototype& self)/ 如果有成员变量，进行复制操作，注意深度拷贝CPrototype* CConcretePrototype:Clone()constreturn new CConcretePrototype(*this);void CConcretePrototype:Operation()constcoutCConcretePrototype OperationClone();if (pClone != NULL)pClone-Operation();delete pInstance;pInstance = NULL;delete pClone; / 注意，pClone也需要释放，否则有内存泄露pClone = NULL;return 0;创建型模式，一共5个，到此完毕下面进行结构行模式的C+模仿6、Bridge Pattern 桥接模式桥接模式是实际编程中应用的比较多的一个模式，其目的是将抽象与实现进行分离。使用到的类关系：继承与组合图 6 桥接模式Head.h#ifndef _BRIDGE_HEAD_#define _BRIDGE_HEAD_#include using std:cout;using std:endl;class CProductImp;/ 注意，这里有一个纯虚函数，但是该类还可以包含成员变量，这是正确的，一个类有纯虚函数,/ 只是说明该类不能被实例化，但是它还是可以包含成员变量，然后对其子类进行实例化，父类的/ 这些成员变量是可以使用的class CProductprotected:CProductImp* m_pImpProduct;public:CProduct(CProductImp* pImpPrd);CProduct();public:virtual void Operation() = 0;class CConcreteProduct : public CProductprivate:public:CConcreteProduct(CProductImp* pImpPrd);CConcreteProduct();public:virtual void Operation();class CProductImpprivate:public:CProductImp()CProductImp()public:virtual void Operation()=0;class CConcreteProductImp1 : public CProductImpprivate:public:CConcreteProductImp1()CConcreteProductImp1()public:virtual void Operation();class CConcreteProductImp2 : public CProductImpprivate:public:CConcreteProductImp2()CConcreteProductImp2()public:virtual void Operation();#endifMain.cpp#include Head.hCProduct:CProduct(CProductImp* pImpPrd)m_pImpProduct = pImpPrd;CProduct:CProduct()if (NULL != m_pImpProduct)delete m_pImpProduct;m_pImpProduct = NULL;CConcreteProduct:CConcreteProduct(CProductImp* pImpPrd):CProduct(pImpPrd)CConcreteProduct:CConcreteProduct()void CConcreteProduct:Operation()if (m_pImpProduct != NULL)m_pImpProduct-Operation();void CConcreteProductImp1:Operation()coutCConcreteProductImp1 Operationendl;void CConcreteProductImp2:Operation()coutCConcreteProductImp2 OperationOperation();delete pProduct;pProduct = NULL;return 0;7、Adapter Pattern 适配器模式目的：使用第三方库时，不用修改自己的调用接口使用到的类关系：继承与关联图7 适配器模式Head.h#ifndef _APAPTER_HEAD_#define _APAPTER_HEAD_#include using std:cout;using std:endl;class CAdaptee; / 第三方库class CTargetprivate:public:CTarget()CTarget()public:virtual void Request() = 0;class CAdapter : public CTargetprivate:CAdaptee* m_pAdaptee;public:CAdapter(CAdaptee* pAdaptee);CAdapter();public:virtual void Request();class CAdapteeprivate:public:CAdaptee()CAdaptee()public:void SpecificRequest();#endifMain.cpp#include Head.hCAdapter:CAdapter(CAdaptee* pAdaptee)m_pAdaptee = pAdaptee;CAdapter:CAdapter()if (m_pAdaptee != NULL)delete m_pAdaptee;m_pAdaptee = NULL;void CAdapter:Request()if (m_pAdaptee != NULL)m_pAdaptee-SpecificRequest();void CAdaptee:SpecificRequest()coutCAdaptee SpecificRequestRequest();delete pTarget;pTarget = NULL;return 0;-华-丽-的-分-割-线-2014/08/02（七夕）未完待续8、Decorator Pattern 装饰者模式使用到的类关系：继承与组合图8 装饰者模式Head.h#ifndef _DECORATOR_HEAD_#define _DECORATOR_HEAD_#include using std:cout;using std:endl;class CComponentprivate:public:CComponent()CComponent()public:virtual void Operation();class CConcreteComponent : public CComponentprivate:public:CConcreteComponent()CConcreteComponent()public:virtual void Operation();class CDecorator : public CComponentprotected:CComponent* m_pCom;public:CDecorator(CComponent* pCom);CDecorator();public:virtual void Operation()=0;class CConcreteDecorator : public CDecoratorprivate:public:CConcreteDecorator(CComponent* pCom);CConcreteDecorator();public:virtual void Operation();void AddedBehavior();#endifMain.cpp#include Head.hvoid CComponent:Operation()coutCComponent Operationendl;void CConcreteComponent:Operation()coutCConcreteComponent OperationOperation();coutCConcreteDecorator Operationendl;AddedBehavior();void CConcreteDecorator:AddedBehavior()coutCConcreteDecorator AddedBehaviorOperation();delete pDec;pDec = NULL;return 0;9、Composite Pattern组合模式图9 组合模式目的：当结构中用到递归的树形结构时使用使用到的类关系：继承与组合（与装饰有相似之处）组合模式也是一个比较复杂的模式，要细细研究代码Head.h#ifndef _COMPOSITE_HEAD_#define _COMPOSITE_HEAD_#include #include #include using std:cout;using std:endl;using std:vector;using std:string;class CComponentprivate:public:CComponent()CComponent()public:virtual void Operation()=0;virtual void Add(CComponent* pCom)virtual void Remove(const int& nIndex)virtual CComponent* GetChild(const int& nIndex)return NULL;class CLeaf : public CComponentprivate:public:CLeaf()CLeaf()public:virtual void Operation();class CComposite : public CComponentprotected:vector m_arrCom;public:CComposite();CComposite();public:virtual void Operation();virtual void Add(CComponent* pCom);virtual void Remove(const int& nIndex);virtual CComponent* GetChild(const int& nIndex);#endifMain.cpp#include Head.hvoid CLeaf:Operation()coutCLeaf:Operationendl;CComposite:CComposite()m_arrCom.clear();CComposite:CComposite()for (int i = 0; i m_arrCom.size(); i+)CComponent* pCur = m_arrComi;if (pCur != NULL)delete pCur;pCur = NULL;m_arrCom.clear();void CComposite:Operation()coutCComposite:Operationendl;vector:iterator it = m_arrCom.begin();for (; it != m_arrCom.end(); it+)CComponent* pCur = *it;if (pCur = NULL)continue;pCur-Operation();void CComposite:Add(CComponent* pCom)m_arrCom.push_back(pCom);void CComposite:Remove(const int& nIndex)if (nIndex 0)return;vector:iterator it = m_arrCom.begin();int i = 0;for (; it != m_arrCom.end(); it+)CComponent* pCur = *it;if (pCur = NULL)i+;continue;if (i = nIndex)break;i+;m_arrCom.erase(it);CComponent* CComposite:Ge