近五年高考听力试题命题分析.doc

一、近五年高考听力试题命题分析 表一 听力材料整体分析19992000200120022003对话顺序词量回合词量回合词量回合词量回合词量回合1211211141361.527121812013312313523141201211461.52814301.5291541442351.55231261431292512长对话612361205.51211.5115559372154.5120218651305.5862.58794.51484.51354753172391156803.5954761.51596.5102244独白140125145155总词量778709847818807语速（w/m）100105115120125难度系数0.560.620.580.540.64从表一可以看出：1结构形式非常稳定除2002年十段材料均为对话外，其余年份均为5段小对话，四段长对话和一段独白。2难度呈上升趋势主要体现在：1）第一节小对话的轮次在增加。1999-2000年均只有一个轮次（1999年第4个小对话为1.5轮次）；2002、2003年的小对话大多为1.5至2轮次；2）语句的长度在增加。1999-2001年的小对话稳定在14-30词之间，而2002-2003年则在21-54词之间，听力材料的总词量呈下降上升下降趋势。3）第二节长对话的轮次在减少，但语句长度大大增加，最长的对话达到244词。4）语速逐年增加，1999年语速为100 w/m，以后每年依次以5-10 w/m的速度增加，2003年达到了125 w/m。 3材料顺序安排合理 每一节对话中长短语句交替进行，话轮繁简不断变化。这样安排非常合理，能使考生在紧张之后有松弛，一张一弛，更有助于考生水平的正常发挥。表二 听力题材比较1999年2000年2001年2002年2003年Text1邀请购物就餐谈作家请求Text2就餐时间上课谈球星提供帮助Text3购物告别家人信息山中野营看录像Text4问路旅游火车时刻促销考试变更Text5懊悔约会乘车外出预定房间核对信息Text6租车买票朋友来信睡眠习惯上班迟到Text7入俱乐部问路邀请海滨度假打电话Text8预约租车周末计划乘车认路课后答疑采访Text9庆贺生日约人会餐电话传信安排作息老友相见Text10火灾报道自然灾害个人经历采访园艺培训计划从表二可以看出：1听力材料题材广泛，涉及文化、教育、人物、日常生活、科普等；2内容真实，贴近生活，如购物、就餐、乘车、培训、问路、旅游等；3体现交际性原则：涉及邀请、购物、询问、告别、请求、懊悔、打电话等中学教学大纲规定要求掌握的交际功能项目。 表三 听力考点比较1999年2000年2001年2002年2003年理解主旨要义32123获取具体事实99984推断背景关系23324理解意图态度66789从表三可以看出：1细节理解类试题在逐年减少。1999-2002年细节题均稳定在9个，约占听力试题总量的50%，而2003年只有4个，只占听力试题总量的20%。2对主旨和说话者意图、态度的考查力度在增加。2000、2001年对主旨和说话者意图、态度的推理判断能力考查的试题有11个，而2003年则有16个，占听力试题总量的80%。3.强调对段落、短文和篇章的整体理解，以及对细节的推理判断能力的考查。 表四 设问形式比较1999年2000年2001年2002年2003年what9712815where44131why22422which411how1131who3121when113 从表四可以看出：1设问形式比较全面，包括what, where, why, which, how, who, when等；2多以what为主，2003年竟然占了15题，占听力试题总量的2/3。3按照材料先后顺序设问。综合以上四个表格可以得出如下结论：从题材上来看， 选材广泛，紧扣实际生活，贴近时代，贴近生活，如购物、就餐、乘车、培训、问路、旅游等；从考查的交际功能来看，内容全面，涉及到邀请、购物、询问、告别、请求、懊悔、打电话等中学教学大纲规定的交际功能项目；从试题的构成来看，整个听力试题均由5段小对话，四段长对话和一段独白组成（只有2002年没有独白）；从题材编排顺序来看，大致遵循“先易后难”的原则，如小对话在前，长对话在后；小对话中较难的结构形式在后（如虚拟语气等）；从设问的个数来看，小对话设1个问题；长对话与独白平均每段材料设2-4个问题；从设问顺序的编排来看，一般遵循两个原则：一是按照材料中出现的先后顺序排列；二是“细节理解”题在前，“主旨大意”、“推理判断”题在后；从问题的类型来看，全是特殊疑问句，如：what, where, why, which, how, who, when等，其中what引出的问题所占比例最大，2003年有15题，占听力试题总量的2/3；从设问的形式来看，细节理解类试题在逐年减少，细节题从1999-2002年的9道题，下降到2003年的4题；主旨要义和说话者意图、态度的推断能力的考查力度在增加，从2000、2001年的11题，增加到2003年的16题；从材料的长短来看，小对话多数在20-30词之间，有的长达54词；长对话多数在120-150词之间，长的达186词（如：2001年第7段材料）；从对话的轮次来看，小对话均在1-2个轮次之间，长对话均在3-5个轮次之间，短的只有1.5个轮次，长的有6.5个轮次（2003年的第9段材料）；从材料播放的语速来看，语速逐年增加，1999年只有100 w/m，以后每年以每分钟5词的速度递增，2003年达到了125词/分钟；从试题难度来看，略有起伏，但稳定在0.54-0.64之间。总之，对话理解是考查考生在一定语境或情景中所表现出的快速反应、推理判断能力；短文理解则是在此基础上考查考生对一个结构比较完整，意义相对连贯的语段的理解能力，是一种高层次、有难度的听力测试形式。对考生的具体要求可归纳为以下四条： 1领略主旨大意，概括话题内容要求考生对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会。任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的，有时主旨大意较明显，有时则需要考生自己去归纳、概括。2获取具体事实，把握信息联系 要求考生听清、听懂事实信息，准确理解具体细节、特殊信息，如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、原因、目的、结果等，同时，还要对所听到的信息做简单的处理，比如数字运算、时间顺序、比较筛选、同义转换、因果关系、深层推理等。理解具体信息有助于把握话题内容领会说话者意图，这是听力考查的重点项目。3推测谈话背景，判断人物身份要求考生理解对话地点、背景和对话者之间的关系。从某方面来看，对对话或独白发生的背景、说话者之间的关系的理解程度，也体现了考生对语篇整体输入、整体理解能力的高低。4领会弦外之音，理解观点意图要求考生不仅能理解听到的内容的主旨大意，而且能通过其中的重要细节、具体事实，揣摩、推断说话者的意图、观点和态度等，因为说话者总会有他（她）自己的意图：提出意见，回答问题，表达想法，或阐明观点。（一） 近五年高考考查的考点必考考点：主旨大意；说话背景、人物关系；数字与计算，事件发生的地点、原因；说话者意图、观点、态度；常考考点：人物身份、时间、褒贬语境的选择、位置、职业；选考考点：建议、行动、计划。（二）2004年高考必考知识点近五年必考的考点仍然是2004年高考的必考点，即：从交际功能来看，有邀请、购物、问路、打电话、请求、计划安排、提供帮助等；从材料的题材来看，有文化、教育、人物、科普、新闻报道、天气预报、日常生活等；从考查的具体内容来看，有数字、计算、判断时间、方位、确定人物关系、主旨要义理解等；每年的考点均会发生一些变异：如1999年考查了“懊悔”；而2000年则考查了“告别”；2001年考查了“安慰”；2002年考查了“感谢”；2003年考查了“责备”等。因此，2004年有可能仍然考查上述发生变异的交际功能，也有可能考查还未考过的交际功能，如：介绍、问候、劝告、语言困难等。（三）2004年高考整体预测1结构稳定，难度渐升整个听力试题应按照考试大纲的规定，由5段小对话、4段长对话和1段独白组成；语句长度应维持在2002年和2003年的水平，可能会略有增加，但长对话的词数不会超过200个；语速可能会有所提高，估计应达到130-135词/分钟；难度系数会有所增加，估计为0.55-0.56左右,和2002年比较接近。2题材广泛，内容真实材料的题材应涉及文化、教育、人物、日常生活、科普等；内容真实，贴近时代，贴近生活，仍然会涉及到购物、就餐、乘车、培训、问路、旅游等常见话题；体现交际性原则，可能会涉及到邀请、购物、询问、告别、请求、懊悔、打电话等中学教学大纲规定的交际功能项目。3强调语篇，考查能力细节理解类试题估计不会超过7道；主旨要义理解和对说话者意图、态度的推断能力题仍然会维持在2003年的水准； 突出语篇的整体理解，即“考大不考小”。4设问全面，突出重点设问形式全面，应该包括what, where, why, which, how, who, when等；以what为主，但很可能不会出现象2003年那样有15道由what引导的问句。二、2004年高考听力押题（一）领略主旨大意，概括话题内容 任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的，有时主旨大意较明显，有时则需要归纳、概括。常见的考查话题的问题有：What are the two speakers talking about？What are the two speakers doing？What is the talk / dialogue about？Whats the passage mainly about？Whats the topic of the passage 高考押题Text 1M：Right, class. There are some changes to your exam timetable. Your math exam will be changed to the next day.W：You mean the eighteenth.M：Yes. And the exam will start and end one hour earlier.1What will the woman tell the man?A. Exam results.B. Time for the exam.C. Change of class hours.解析根据“some changes to your exam timetable”和后面的“will be changed to the next day”可以判断，双方讨论的是考试时间的变化。故选答案B。Text 2M：Hello, Sally, do you still remember the other day when we were talking about the novel The Thorn Birds and you said youd like to meet the author?W：Yes, why?M：Well, shes here at our university now.W：Oh, really? How wonderful! Do you think well have a chance to meet her?M：Yes, of course.2. What are the man and the woman talking about? A. A novel. B. A meeting. C. A writer. 解析对话开头男士就谈到“when we were talking about the novel. and you said youd like to meet the author”，由此可知该对话主要说的是一本小说作者的情况，故正确答案为C。Text 3M：Whats your view on the problem of overpopulation?W：In my view, the population has to be controlled, or well face serious economic and social problems.M：What do you mean by social problems?W：Well, what Im trying to say is that unemployment will be a big problem, if the population keeps going up. M：You have a point there. 3. What are they talking about? A. Unemployment. B. Economic problems. C. Overpopulation.解析答案为C。该对话开门见山地提出了overpopulation这一话题，对话就是围绕这一主题来展开的。故正确答案为C。（二）获取具体事实，把握信息联系 考生应听清、听懂事实信息，精确理解具体细节、特殊信息，如时间、地点、人物、价钱 、数量、原因、目的、结果等，同时，还要对所听到的信息做简单的处理，比如数字运算、时间顺序和深层推理等。具体内容包括：1. 时间、价格、年代(when/what price/ which year)等 2. 地点(where/ at what place) 3. 人物(who/ whom/ whose)4. 事件(from beginning to the end/ when， where， what， how and why)常见的考查细节的问题有：What is wrong with the girl？What is the womans house number？Whats the mans job now？Where is the woman going？Whom would they turn to for help？Which of the following is righttrue？Why did the speaker get a parking ticket？ 预测：对话中可能会出现序数词、基数词、货币、价格等，但这类数字题不会很多，因为考生对数字很敏感，这类试题难度较小。 高考押题 Text 1M：Hello, may I speak to Mrs Ornull?W：Speaking.M：This is Special Company. You are one of the lucky housewives chosen to receive our free soap.W：Thats very nice of you, but I would rather go on using what Ive always used. Thanks just the same.1. Where is the woman?A. In a soap factory.B. In her house.C. At an information desk.解析答案为B。 这道题的关键词语是：“housewives, receive our free soap”,“but I would rather go on using what Ive always used”，由此可知推销员将商品“肥皂”推销到女士家里来了。故答案为B。Text 2M：I hear you are moving to a new apartment soon.W：Yes, but itll be more expensive. My present roommate plays the radio all night long and I cant sleep.2. Why is the woman moving?A. The new apartment is cheaper. B. She likes to listen to the radio.C. She needs a quieter place.解析答案为C。此题在于要求考生根据细节推断事件发生的原因。从对话中的I cant sleep 这一句，我们可以推断出说话者想找一个比较安静的地方。故答案为C。（三）对说话背景、说话者之间的关系做出简单的推断考生应能理解对话地点、背景和对话者之间的关系。常见的考查背景的问题有：Where did the conversation most likely take place？Where are the two speakers talking？Where does this conversation take place？Who do you think Tom probably is？Whats the probable relationship between the two speakers？Who is the speaker？ 预测：说话者之间的关系可能是医生与病人(doctor and patient)，教师和学生(teacher and student)，老板和秘书(boss and secretary)，父亲(母亲)与儿子(女儿) (father/mother and son/daughter)，服务员与顾客(waiter and customer)等；表示地点的名词可能是两大类，一是国家与城市名，如China, America, Canada, Britain等；二是公共场所、单位等，如cinema, theatre, hotel, restaurant, hospital, library, airport等。高考押题 Text 1M：Did you finish typing that report for me?W：I know . But Ive been very busy.M：Anyway, I need my report in half an hour. Can you manage it?W：Ill try my best.M：Youd better, otherwise you will lose job, Im afraid.1. Where did the conversation probably take place?A. At home. B. In the office.C. At a store.解析答案：B。对话中的关键词“typing”，“report”，“job”等，可帮助学生判断他们是在办公室，而且从男士的语气也可以看出他们之间是老板和秘书的雇佣关系，不可能是在家或者在商店。Text 2M：Nancy! I have been waiting for you for two hours.W：Sorry, David. My boss asked me to work overtime.M：But you should have called me for that.2. What is the relationship between the man and the woman probably?A. Teacher and student. B. Boss and secretary.C. Husband and wife.解析答案为C。从男士对女士的责备和女士话语中my boss asked me to work overtime， 就可以推断两者的关系不可能是老师和学生，也不是老板和秘书，但可能是夫妻关系。所以选答案C。（四）理解说话者意图、观点和态度考生不仅能理解听到的内容的主旨大意，而且能通过其中的重要细节、具体事实，揣摩、推断说话者的意图、观点和态度等，因为说话者总会有他（她）的意图：提出意见，回答问题，表达想法，或阐明观点。常见的有关意图的问题有：What does the woman mean？What does the speaker want to tell us？What can we know about the man？What can we learn from the speakersconversationstory？What is the most probable result of the conversation？Which of the following words best describes the day the speaker had？ 高考押题 Text 1W：Hows your son doing in school? Is he smart as his father?M：He had a promising start, but now hes doing poorly. To make things worse, hes stopped going to classes.1. What does the man mean?A. The son is not doing well.B. The son is as smart as his father.C. The son is very poor.解析答案：A。男士回答说，他儿子刚开始还好，但现在表现很差，更糟糕的是，他现在已停止上学了。故知答案为A。Text 2M：Hi, Sue. Its Moreal.W：Oh, Hi. How are you?M：Fine. Look, I was wondering if you are free on Saturday evening. Ive got some tickets for a concert. Would you like to come? W：Oh, well, I really like to, but.Em， Im studying for my exams at the moment, and, well, Im sorry I cant.M：Ok, Eh, dont too worry. Some other time then, I suppose.W：Oh, yeah. Right, sure.2. What can we learn about the woman?A. She doesnt really want to go.B. She works hard at school.C. She doesnt like music.解析如果只注意对话内容，则由“Im studying for my exams at the moment”很容易误选B。但由“but.Em”及“.and, well, Im sorry I cant”可知Woman是在推脱。因此答案为A。Text 3W：So, youre going to the Smiths again this weekend?M：Yes, but I cant make up my mind whether to go by road or rail the trains generally less an effort, but its a terrible walk from the nearest station to the village.3. What is the mans problem?A. He cant decide how to go. B. He cant drive himself. C. He doesnt like traveling by train. 解析答案为A。此题旨在对说话者的意图进行判断。题中cant make up my mind为关键词， 后面出现的对话起迷惑考生的作用，因此应选A。Text 4M：Did you watch the midnight film last night? W：Yes, I watched part of it.M：I really liked it. I thought it was really exciting.W：Exciting? I fell asleep during the film.4. How did the woman feel about the film? A. Enjoyable. B. Inspiring. C. Dull.解析答案为C。此题要求考生能听出说话者的弦外之音，对说话者的态度和观点做出判断。女士说话时，用升调重复了exciting一词，表示不同意对方的意见，接着还说她在看电影时甚至睡着了，由此可以判断说话者对那场电影不感兴趣。故正确的答案为C。三、天星教育五星级押题（一）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What are they talking about? A. A book. B. An actor. C. A theatre. 2.What is the relationship between the two speakers?A. Teacher and student. B. Boss and secretary. C. Doctor and patient.3. What will probably happen to the woman?A. Shell miss her train. B. Shell catch her train.C. Shell drive to the station.4. When is the man going to leave for New York?A. October. B. September. C. December.5. How much does the woman want to borrow?A. 20 dollars. B. 12 dollars. C. 8 dollars.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whom does the man have to see at 10 oclock?A. Mr Smith. B. Mr Harry. C. Mrs Thompson.7. Why doesnt the man want to see Mrs Thompson?A. He thinks she is unimportant. B. He is tired of meeting people.C. He thinks she is boring.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. Why does Alison ask John to read the story?A. To advise John to talk more with his father.B. To help John forget his trouble.C. To share her feelings with John.9. What is the main idea of the conversation?A. Parents nowadays are too busy.B. Family problems are hard to solve.C. Communication is necessary at home.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10.What are they talking about?A. Visiting the museum.B. Sightseeing.C. Collecting coins. 11. Why did not the man want to go to the museum?A. He wasnt interested in museum.B. He wasnt interested in birds.C. He wasnt interested in coins.12. What would the man go to the island mainly to see?A. Some plants. B. Some birds. C. Some flowers.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. Where is the man going? A. Bank of China. B. Agricultural Bank of China. C. Joindoor Supermarket. 14.Which of the following statements is true? A. Bank of China is near Joindoor Supermarket. B. It is about ten minutes walk from the place where they are standing to the bank. C. The man isnt familiar with the area. 15. What will the woman do at the end of the conversation? A. She will help the man to get money from the bank. B. She will draw a map for the man. C. She will show him the way to the bank. 16. Which word can be used to describe the woman? A. Openminded. B. Warmhearted. C. Honest. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. How long has the speaker been in Finland? A. The whole winter. B. For two weeks. C. For three weeks. 18. What did she come to Finland for? A. To buy clothes. B. To experience the weather. C. To attend a meeting. 19. What was the speakers biggest problem while preparing for the trip? A. Getting the right kind of clothes. B. Getting used to the weather. C. Selling warm clothes. 20. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Julias been to Northern Europe. B. Julias from Finland. C. Julia makes clothes. 题型分析和解答1B这道题考查对所听内容主旨要义的理解判断能力。从女士话语就能判断这是两个人在讨论所看的电影的内容，女士认为演员的演技不怎么好，在影片中没有看到她所喜爱的演员，故双方讨论的是演员。2C此题为推理判断题。由“What can I do for you?”这一带有职业特点的话语和下文女士的回答，便可推断两者之间的关系为医生和病人。3.B 本题考查根据所听对话对于说话者下一步可能发生的事情的内容做出逻辑推断的能力。从对话中知道女的可能会赶不上火车，但下文男的提出开车送她到火车站，由此可知她能赶上火车。4A本题三个选项均为表月份的词。录音中只听到September这个关于月份的词，考生很可能受迷惑而选B。在男士的回答中有一个关键词following，这个重要信息词说明他要下一个月动身去纽约，从September算起，下一个月自然就是October了。5C本题考查对所听内容的细节理解并对数字做出计算的能力。对话中出现了几个数字，如20 dollars, 12 dollars, 10 dollars和8，最后的数字便是问题的答案。6A本题考查对所听内容中的细节把握并对事态的发展做出推断的能力。从女士所说“you do know you have to see Mr Smith, your boss at ten oclock, right?”便可以做出判断。7C本题考查根据所听对话对于其中一方观点态度做出判断的能力。从男士话语“Shes very kind, I know, but shes so uninteresting!”中，看出他不愿意去见Mrs Thompson，因为她一点儿也没意思。8A本题考查根据所听对话对于说话者意图做出判断的能力。从女声“I think you should spend more time with your father，”这句话中可以看出她建议John 多和父亲交谈。9C本题考查对于所听对话内容主旨要义的理解判断能力。对话开头女士就问道“Do you often talk with your father, John?”当听到对方很少和父亲交谈时，便建议对方 “. should spend more time with your father”，根据上述分析可知道该对话的主题应该是家庭成员之间的交流的重要性。10B本题考查对于所听对话内容主旨要义的理解判断能力。对话开头女士说道：“I can take you to do some sightseeing”， 紧接着后面进一步讨论了具体参观地点，如：先去海滨公园（Seashore Park）的山顶看看大海的景色（the view of the sea），再商定去别的地方。因此，该对话的中心话题应该是讨论去观光。11C本题考查根据所听对话对于其中一方观点态度做出判断的能力。当女士提出到博物馆去参观钱币展览时，男士回答到“Im afraid that coins dont interest me”，可知他根本就对钱币展览不感兴趣。12B本题考查根据所听对话内容对于说话者意图做出判断的能力。从对话中可知道男士对鸟很感兴趣，而且从他的语气中也可得知：“That sounds interesting. I love birds. Lets do that.”13B本题考查根据所听对话内容对于事态发展（说话者下一步要做什么）做出推断的能力。男士以“Can you tell me how to reach the bank please?”请求对方的帮助， 女士以“Which bank?”来询问对方，所以女士的回答应该是答题的关键：You need to go to Agricultural Bank of China which is near the local shopping center, Joindoor Supermarket. 由此可以推断男士要去的地方为中国农业银行。14C本题考查根据所听对话中细节信息的把握对相关事实做出判断的能力。对话中只提到了“Agricultural Bank of China is near the local shopping center, Joindoor Supermarket.” 故A不正确；对话中提到“It is about five minutes walk from here.”故B也不正确。由此可以判断C为正确答案。15B本题考查根据所听对话内容对于事态发展（说话者下一步要做什么）做出推断的能力。当男士说道“It sounds a little bit difficult”，女士主动提出“I can draw a map for you if you wish.”由此可以推断答案为B。16.B本题考查根据所听对话内容对于人物性格做出推断的能力。从对话中女士详悉告诉对方行走路线到最后主动提出“I can draw a map for you if you wish”，由此可以看出女士非常热心。17B本题考查对所听独白话题的理解把握能力。从“Before I came to Finland to attend this meeting two weeks ago”中可以推断答案为B。18C本题考查考生捕捉所听独白中有关细节内容的能力。从“Before I came to Finland to attend this meeting two weeks ago”中可以推断答案为C。19A本题考查考生把握说话者意图的能力。从“I had no idea what kind of clothes I should take along”这句话可以推断答案为A。20A本题考查考生捕捉所听独白中有关细节内容的能力。从“my friend Julia has been to Northern Europe”这句话可以推断答案为A。听力录音原文Text 1W:I didnt think much of it really. M:Why not? W:Well, I mean, if I go to the theatre, I expect more than just a laugh. Or at least I want to see some actors Ive heard of, I mean, have you ever heard of Peter Griffith? M:I dont think so. Text 2M:Good morning, Mrs Smith. What can I do for you?W:Well, Im having some diff