犯罪特点决定证据标准.docx

犯罪特点决定证据标准盗窃罪发案率高，情况复杂，各类盗窃罪因其作案地点、手段、目标、对象、作案人员的不同而呈现出不同的特点：（）盗窃罪中的直接证据一般只有被告人供述和辩解。（）现场痕迹是盗窃罪不可或缺的重要证据。（）证人证言比较真实可靠且易获得。（）认定盗窃数额的证据在实践中多有争议。（）派生证据是盗窃罪证据中的重要内容。（）视听资料证据在盗窃罪证据中的应用日益广泛。盗窃罪证据中，除了犯罪嫌疑人、被告人供述和辩解是直接证据外，其他种类的证据多为间接证据，并对证明犯罪起到至关重要的作用，特别是在无犯罪嫌疑人、被告人供述和辩解情况下，更是起到了决定性作用。盗窃罪证据标准，是依据我国刑法和刑事诉讼法的规定，规范认定盗窃罪具体证据的证据能力和证明力，以及证实盗窃罪犯罪事实构成应当具备的证据要素和证据要求程度的规则和尺度。它对认定盗窃罪的证据从数量和质量方面提出要求，只有符合盗窃罪证据标准的案件才能定罪，是一种认定盗窃罪的最低证据标准。设计某一类具体犯罪的证据标准应当兼顾两个方面：其一，证据标准应当准确、全面、合法。其二，证据标准应当适合司法活动的工作特点和司法人员的思维规律，具有较强的操作性，方便司法工作人员使用。因而，制定盗窃罪的证据标准，应以盗窃罪的犯罪构成为主线，以刑事诉讼证据种类为表现形式。Crime characteristic decided evidence standardStealing anti-investigation situation was complex, various kinds of high crime place, the culprit theft means, target, the object and different personnel crime shows different characteristics: (1) the larceny direct evidence usually only the defendant statement and argued. (2) scene marks are stealing indispensable important evidence. (3) the witnesss testimony is reliable and easy access to a more realistic. (4) the amount of evidence that theft in practice many controversial. (5) derived evidence is the important content of theft evidence. (6) audio-visual material evidence in the application of theft evidence increasing. Stealing evidence, in addition to the criminal suspects, defendants statement and exculpation is direct evidence outside, other kinds of evidence, and more for indirect evidence to prove the criminal play a crucial role, especially in no criminal suspects, defendants statement and exculpation cases, but also played a decisive role.Stealing evidence standard, is basis our country the provisions of the criminal law and the criminal procedural law, regulating the evidence that stealing concrete evidence, proof strength and ability and constitutes a crime fact confirmed theft shall have evidence elements and evidence required degree of rules and scale. It identified the evidence to theft from quantity and quality request, only accord with standard of cases of theft evidence can be convicted, is a recognized the minimum evidence standard theft. Design a kind of specific evidence of criminal standard consideration shall be given to the two aspects: first, the evidence standard shall be accurate, comprehensive, and legal. Second, the evidence for judicial activities shall be the standard work features and judicial law of thinking, has strong operation, convenient judicial personnel use. Therefore, formulate the evidence should be theft with the standard of theft crime constitution as the main line, criminal litigation evidence for form. Species证明对象应包括五个方面从盗窃罪的证明对象入手，可以从盗窃罪的主体证据、行为证据、结果证据、主观证据、情节证据等层面确立证据标准。（）主体证据。应包括居民身份证明和户籍证明。（）行为证据。应包括被害人关于在具体时间、地点及位置被盗物品及物品特征的陈述；有关知情人关于犯罪嫌疑人、被告人采用秘密窃取方法实施盗窃行为的证词；证明犯罪嫌疑人、被告人实施盗窃行为时所穿戴的手套、鞋子以及犯罪工具、赃款、赃物等物证的实物及照片和有关物证、痕迹检验报告；证明犯罪嫌疑人、被告人曾到达盗窃现场的毛发、指纹、脚印以及其他遗留痕迹的技术鉴定结论；证明赃物价值的鉴定结论；证明收缴赃款、赃物、犯罪工具等物证的搜查笔录、扣押清单；证明犯罪嫌疑人、被告人以特定手段进入现场及从特定位置窃取特定物品的现场照片、现场勘查图以及现场勘查笔录；证明犯罪嫌疑人、被告人实施盗窃行为的视听资料。（）结果证据。应包括被害人关于失窃的陈述，犯罪嫌疑人、被告人关于窃得物品的供述，证人关于财物被盗的证言，有关部门关于财物被盗的证明，行为人销赃时所派生出的有关证据如买赃人陈述，典当行收据，盗窃信用卡后的提款记录，盗窃文物后出卖、出境的证据；盗窃金融机构的，金融机构的失窃证明等；未遂和中止的结果证据。盗窃未遂只有情节严重时才构成犯罪，要有证明犯罪对象是巨额现金、国家珍贵文物或贵重物品的证据，同时要有证明行为人确实由于意志以外的原因未能造成财物损失的证据。（）主观证据。应包括证明犯罪嫌疑人、被告人实际占有、使用、出售、出租、出借赃款、赃物的证据；犯罪嫌疑人、被告人自己承认盗窃犯罪事实的供述等。（）情节证据。定罪情节证据应当包括价格鉴定、物品发票等，对于盗窃数额未达到较大标准的案件，还应当包括公私财产损失证据、盗窃行为所造成的后果及其他严重情节的证据；量刑情节证据，应当包括有关行为人在共同犯罪中的地位作用、被盗单位性质、行为人作案方式、行为人以往有无前科、被害人情况、被盗物品性质、损失情况等证据。当然，这些盗窃罪证据标准及证据要素，并不要求每一个案件都全部具备。proof the object should include five aspectsStarting with the object of proof from stealing from the subject of larceny, evidence, behavioral evidence, results evidence, subjective evidence, plot evidence established evidence standard level. (1) the main body of evidence. Certificate of resident status and should include household proof. (2) behavioral evidence. Should include the victim in the specific time and place about stolen goods and goods and position of the statement, features Relevant insider about criminal suspects, defendants using secret filch method of implementation of burglary testimony; Proof of the criminal suspect or defendant when implementing burglary dressed gloves, shoes and crime tools, such as money, stolen goods of the physical assets and evidence photos and relevant material evidences, traces inspection report; Proof of the criminal suspect or defendant had arrived at the scene of the hair, the fingerprints of theft and other legacy, footprints traces of the technology appraisal conclusion; Proof of the appraisal conclusion; loot value Stolen money, collection, proved a crime tools evidence searched record, detainment lists; Proof of the criminal suspect or defendant entered the scene with specific means and steal from a particular location of photos, specific items spot investigation diagram and field exploration record; Proof of the criminal suspect or defendant implementation of audio-visual material theft. (3) the results of evidence. Should include about stolen statements, the victim of the criminal suspect or defendant statement about theft, witnesses have items about property stolen goods, the relevant department testimony about the stolen proof, actor derived when fence relevant evidence such as buy spoils person statements, a pawnshop receipt, drawing record after pilfered credit card, theft after exit cultural relics betraying evidence; Theft of financial institutions, such as theft proof of financial institutions; The result of attempted and suspended evidence. Only if the circumstances are serious attempted theft dont constitute crimes, want to have proof criminal object is huge cash, national precious relics or valuables evidence, simultaneously must have proof act does not for reasons other than because will cause loss in property evidence. (4) subjective evidence. Should include proof of the criminal suspect or defendant actual possession, using, selling, lease, lend money, stolen goods evidence; Criminal suspects, defendants himself admits the facts of the crime theft statement, etc. (5) plot evidence. Evidence shall be convicted circumstances including price appraisal and articles for theft, invoice did not reach the large amount of case, standard should also include public or private property losses evidence, the consequences of theft and other serious evidence; Sentencing plot evidence, shall include the actor in a joint crime of leading, stolen units properties, actor way past the crime, criminal record and the victim actor, stolen goods properties, such as loss of evidence. Of course, these stealing evidence standard and evidence elements, doesnt require each case are all have.应依法收集证据从证据种类入手，应根据盗窃罪证据的特点规范证据要求。司法机关在证明盗窃犯罪的活动中需要收集的证据种类涵盖了刑诉法中规定的种证据和电子证据。司法人员应依照刑法和刑事诉讼法的规定从事盗窃案件证据的收集工作，应当明确自己如何讯问犯罪嫌疑人、询问证人和被害人，如何提取现场物证、书证等等，保证及时、准确、全面、合法收集证据，避免因遗漏证据或贻误时机而导致案件难定的被动局面。特别需要注意的是：（）所有讯问、询问、搜查、扣押等侦查行为务必符合法律规定，尤其对于讯问笔录和询问笔录，应注意填写讯（询）问起止时间、两名以上侦查人员签名。避免出现侦查人员一人签名、在同一时间段相同的侦查人员讯（询）问不同的人的情况，导致笔录丧失提取的合法性，无法使用；（）所有的书证、物证务必注明来源、出处、盖印章，并就证明内容作简要说明。司法实践中，认定犯罪嫌疑人、被告人实施盗窃犯罪行为，最核心、最基本也是必须做到的，一是必须证明盗窃犯罪事实确实存在；二是必须要证明盗窃犯罪事实系犯罪嫌疑人、被告人所为。这些也是盗窃罪诉讼证明活动中最基本的要求。should collect evidence according to lawStarting from the evidence, should according to type the characteristics of theft evidence standard evidence requirements. The judicial organs in proof of criminal activity theft to collect evidence kinds covers prescribed in article points seven kinds of evidence and electronic evidence. The judicial personnel shall be in accordance with the provisions of the criminal law and the criminal procedural law in theft case evidence collection work should be clear how to interrogation of a criminal suspect, questioning the witnesses and the victim, how to extract site material evidence, documentary evidence, etc and ensuring the timely, accurate, comprehensive, legal and collect evidence, and avoid omissions caused evidence or delay time set the passive state case difficult.Special note: (1) all interrogation, inquire, search and seizure, e