虚拟语气讲义.doc

虚拟语气讲义1.英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气.2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。虚拟语气的考点 1、一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法；5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。一般条件句中的虚拟语气时 间 If 条件句主 句过去had donewould should +have done sthcouldmight现在助动词 be用 were 实义动词 do 用 did would should + do sthcouldmight将来did / were should dowere to dowould should + do sthcouldMight1. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.2. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.5. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.6. I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools.7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.高考链接：1.If I were you, I _ buy the house right now. A. wont B. dont C. wouldnt D. cant2. _more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. If the captain had been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 3. If he _ me tomorrow, I would let him know A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able 2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中含有should，were， had 三个助动词并且放在句首时，可以把if省略。If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.If there should be a flood, what should we do? Should there be a flood, what should we do?高考链接：What would have happened _as far as the river bank?A ,had Bob walked B ,Bob had walkedC ,if Bob walked D ,if Bob had walked far3. 名词性从句的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。1. 宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：insist两个命令：order, command 三个建议：advise, suggest, propose五个要求：demand , require, request, desire ask 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.He insisted that I (should) be present.The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there.2、以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desireIts suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.注意：Suggest表示暗示 和insist 表示某种说法时不用虚拟语气Her pale face suggested that she was ill.He insisted that he didnt kill the boy.高考链接：I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _wrong with him.A ,on him to go B ,he went; be C ,he go; was D ,he should go; is4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；1）wish + 宾语从句 现在：过去时 (did/were)过去：过去完成时 (had done)未来：would/could/might+V. I wish I were a bird. (现在)I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (过去)We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (未来)高考链接：How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! (上海) A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had2）would rather that -现在: did过去：had done未来：didI would rather you paid me now. (现在)I would rather you had gone, too. (过去)Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. (未来)3） as if /though + 从句 现在：did 过去：had doneShe loves the baby as if it were her own son.It seems as if it were spring.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.They talked as if they had been friends for years.He looks as if he were drunk.高考链接：When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaksB. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken4.Its high time +that +-did -should do Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should goIts time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 5）without和but for 构成虚拟条件句。(but for要不是)Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today.But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work.But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.6.) Otherwise 表示虚拟的条件句We didnt know his telephone number ,otherwise we would have telephoned him. If we had known his telephone number,高考链接：I supported him in time, otherwise he _ off the bike.A .might fall B. would fall C .should have fallen D.would have fallen 7）If only (要是就好了) If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!(译)要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！8）Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that - 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形1.It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.2. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.3. Its necessary that we should study hard三、 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in hospital now.虚拟语气练习1. If you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. A. asked would know B. had asked would have knownC. asked him know D. had asked would know2.The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained3.- Would you have called her up _ possible? - Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework. A. had it been was B. if it was wereC. if it had been had been D. if it were would be4. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _wrong with him. A ,on him to go B , he went C , he go was D ,he should go, is5.You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drovedidnt getB. had drivenwouldnt have got C. drovewouldnt get D. were drivingwouldnt get 7. - Do you mind if I leave the window open? - Well, Id rather you _ . A. dont B. didnt C. wont D. mustnt8. Its half past eleven. Its high time _ home. A. well B. wed C. were going D. we went9. Jack _ yet, otherwise he would have phoned me.A. mustnt have arrived B. shouldnt have arrivedC. cant have arrived D. neednt have arrived10. The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. A. finished B. be finished C. should finish D. finish12. - What did the doctor say about your mothers illness? - He suggested that she _ an operation at once. A. must have B. had C. have D. had had13Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takesB. has to takeC. must takeD. take14. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told15. His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try16.If you _ to see Mary, what would you tell her? A. are B.will be going C.had D.were17. If the whole operation _ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. A.was not planned B. has not been planned C.had not been planned D.