英语语法非谓语动词.doc

英语语法非谓语动词A带to的不定式作宾补 a可以用带to的不定式作宾补的动词常用的有ask，tell，order，invite，beg， get，allow，wish，want，encourage，advise， warn等。例如： The teacher asked us to finish our homework老师叫我们完成家庭作业。 She wanted him to sing for her friends她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。 The policeman told the boys not to play in the street警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。 b在动词think，believe，know，find， understand，take等之后，作宾补的不定式多由“to be adj”构成。例如： They find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful他们发现中国人都很幸福快乐。 He believed the earth to be a globe他相信大地是个球体。 c在某些短语后也可跟带to的不定式作宾补。这类动词短语常见的有：wait for，call on，depend on，care for，long for（渴望，羡慕）等。例如： The crocodile waited for the monkey to come down again鳄鱼等着猴子再下来。 The chairman called on Mr Brown to speak主席请布朗先生讲话。 I shouldnt care for that man to be my doctor我不要那人给我看病。 B不带to的不定式作宾补 动词不定式在使役动词（make，let， have）或感官动词（feel，listen to，hear， look at，see，watch，notice）之后作宾补时不定式需省去to。为了便于记忆，我们可以这样记“一感”（feel）、“二听”（listen， hear）、“三让”（let，make，have）、“四看”（look at，see，watch，notice）。例如： Ifeltsomeone open my door我感觉有人开了我的门。 Please listen to me sing the songagain请听我把这首歌再唱一遍。 You cant letthe boy stand in the sun你不能让那孩子站在太阳底下。 You must watch me carefully do everything你必须仔细观察我所做的一切。 注意：感官动词后既可跟省略to的不定式作宾补，也可跟现在分词作宾补。其区别是：前者强调动作的全过程或经常性；后者则强调动作在进行（片断）。试比较： I heard her sing我听见她唱了歌。 I heard her singing我听见她在唱歌。 C带to或不带to的不定式作宾补 在动词help后可以跟带to的不定式作宾补，也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾补。例如： He often helps me（to）clean the room他经常帮助我打扫房间。 We helped him（to）mend his bike我们帮他补自行车胎。 巩固训练做做下面中考题检测一下吧。 1I told Bob _ the TV since it was too late Aturn off Bturns off Cturning off Dto turn off（2001陕西） 2My parents asked me _ home earlier yesterday Aget Bgetting Cto get Dgot（2000北京朝阳区） 3The greedy inn-keeper once made the poor hero _ twice a day Adance Bdances Cdanced Dto dance（2001上海） 4Is Wei Fang good at singing？ Yes，she isWe often hear _ her in the next room Ato sing Bsings Csing Dsinging（2001苏州） （Keys：14 DCAC）接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth. 请（叫）某人做某事bear sb. to do sth. 忍受某人做某事beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事drive sb. to do sth. 驱使某人做某事elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事需要省略to的不定式的情况有： 1） 情态动词 （ 除ought 外） 后。 2） 使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。 注意：被动语态中不能省去to。例如： I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。 =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night. 3） would rather，had better句型后 4） Why / why no句型后 5） help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to） do sth： 6） but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。 比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。 He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。 7） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去： 8） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。例如： He is supposed （to be） nice. 他应该是个好人。 一些重要的区分： 1) stop doing/to do stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事，stop doing 停止做某事。例如： They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。 I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。 2)forget doing/to do forget to do 忘记要去做某事，forget doing 忘记做过某事。例如： The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作） He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作） 3)remember doing/to do remember to do 记得去做某事，remember doing 记得做过某事。例如： Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。 Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗? 4)regret doing/to do regret to do 对将要做的事遗憾，regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。例如： I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。 I dont regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。 5)cease doing/to do cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事，cease doing 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。例如： That department has ceased to exist forever. 那个系已不复存在。 The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天 6)try doing/to do try to do 努力，企图做某事，try doing 试验，试着做某事。例如： You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。 I tried gardening but didnt succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。 7)go on doing/to do go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，go on doing 继续做原来做的事。例如： After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。 Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习 8)be afraid doing/to do be afraid to do 不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为怕，be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的，意为生怕，恐怕。例如： She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake. 她生怕被蛇咬着，不敢在草丛中再走一步。 She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。 She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。 9)be interested doing/to do interested to do 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事，interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。例如： I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。（想了解） Im interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that? 我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? （一种想法） 10) mean to doing/to do mean to do 打算、想，mean doing 意味着。例如： I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 增加工资意味着增加购买力。 11)begin（start） doing/to do begin / start to do sth /begin / start doing sth. a） 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing。例如： How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴？ b） begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do。例如： I was beginning to get angry。我开始生起气来。 c） 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。例如： I begin to understand the truth。我开始明白真相。 d） 事物作主语时。例如： The snow began to melt.雪开始融化了 12)感官动词 + doing/to do 感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，+doing 表示动作的进行性。例如： I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。（强调我看见了这个事实） I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调我见他正干活这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。只能带动名词1.放弃（quit放弃停止，give up vt.放弃, 停止, 抛弃 )推迟（postpone，defer推迟,put off）与抵抗（resist)；2.避免（avoid，避免prevent）继续（resume 重新开始，keep 继续，keep on持续）可禁止（forbit）；3.建议（suggest，advise）冒险（risk）和原谅（forgive原谅，原谅(excuse）；4.承认(admit to)耽误(delay）不讨厌（讨厌detest 愤恨resent ）5.否认（deny否认）完成 (finish vt.完成, 结束complete完成)就欣赏 (enjoy5.享受.的乐趣, 欣赏, 喜爱，appreciate 感激，欣赏)6.提到（mention）报告（report）就拒绝（deny）7.回忆(recall)错过(miss)就想象（imagine ，fancy ）8.评价（appreciate) 认为（consider）可忍受（endure，stand，bear）9.包括(include ) 宽恕（pardon）和理解(understand )10.建议(suggest)训练(practice) 来面对(face)11.不禁（cant help）介意 (mind vt.注意, 留意, 专心于, 介意)去逃亡（escape逃跑，逃避）我承认（admit doing）第一次见她就喜欢上她了，有时会情不自禁（cant help doing）地想她，但她却避免（avoid doing）见到我，每次见到我就逃避(escape doing)，我实在受不了（stand/ bear doing）了，但我又不想错过（miss doing）这么好的一个女孩，于是我大胆地去找她爸爸并请求他的帮助，她的爸爸不但不介意（mind doing），而且很欣赏我，考虑了一下（consider doing），给了我四条建议（advise/suggest doing）：1. 要喜欢冒险(enjoy doing，risk doing )；2. 要练习想像力(practise doing， imagine doing)；3. 要请求原谅（excuse doing, pardon doing）；4. 要反对否定（resistdoing, deny doing）。固定搭配例：The Greeks believed that individuals must be responsible their own actions.A) with B) of C) for D) to答案 C）解析 “be responsible for”是固定搭配，意思是“对某事负贡”，但是也有”be responsible to”这一词组，其意思是“向某人负责”。经比较，C)为正确答案。同时，我们也可以根据这两个词组总结出下面这种表达法：be responsible to sb. for sth.(为某事向某人负责)。例：They shut their town house and moved to the country for the summer.A) down B) up C) in D) off答案B）解析 shut这个词可以与很多的词搭配，组成不同的意思。本题的四个选项均可与shut搭配：shut down(指工厂)停工，关闭；shut up关闭之所有门窗；shut in困住，囚禁；shut off停止供应(煤气、水等)。根据本句的意思，应该选择B)，即“他们关闭城里住房的门窗，到乡下去避暑”。例：It will be a great advantage to be able to speak a foreign language, especially if you are business.A) to B) on C) in D) with答案 B)解析 此题的意思比较明了，应该选B)，“on business”是“出差”、“有公干”的意思。另外，“in business”是“做生意”、“经商”的意思，如：He is in business for himself(他自己经商。)He is in the rice business(他做大米生意。)学习指导 这类考题主要是考查考生的词汇量，特别是对词组的掌握程度。因此，平时要养成多读、多记、多比较的习惯，培养语感，做到“脱口而出”。另外，要看懂全句的意思，搞清楚句中所需要的是哪个词组。在平时的学习中采用对比法、归类法、典型句子记忆法，可以收到令人满意的效果。be familiar with 和 be familiar tobe satisfied with 和 be satisfactory tocompare with 和compare to典型句子记忆法(要求句子简单、常用、易上口)：The children are familiar with this story.This story is familiar to the children.The boss is satisfied with your work.Your work is satisfactory to your boss.Let me compare your composition with his.We often compare our society to a stage.还有很多的词组可以利用这种方法帮助记忆，如：used to, be used to, supply for , supply with等。专项练习(101) The 7:30 news generally international news and a national network news program. A) consists of B) is consisted of C) are consisted of D) are consisted with(102) I find it easier to conversation with British people by talking about the weather. A) enter B) enter to C) enter into D) enter upon(103) Just like trade and specialization, economics and polities always go . A) hand over hand B) hand in hand C) hand by hand D) hand to hand(104) With the development of our construction , more and more new buildings the old ones. A) are taking place B) are taking place of C) are making place for D) are taking the place of(105) Youd better be silent about the accident ask for trouble. A) so as not to B) so as to not C) not so as to D) so not as to(106) Heres my telephone number. Lets keep in . A) relation B) connectio n C) friendship D) touch(107) I cant carry this box. Will you me a favor, please? A) make B) give C) do D) show(108) The West Lake is that many people go there for a visit every year. A) such beautiful place B) so a beautiful place C) so beautiful a place D) such beautiful a place(109) I was just about to the maths problem .when my friend came .to help me. A) give in B) give up C) put up D) give out(110) We must often listen to the news on TV and read newspaper in order to the present situation. A) keep up with C) go hand in handB) catch up with D) keep our way12)词义的选择例： It is true that your mental abilities are at their best 7 the ages of 18 and 25.A) between B) among C) from D) along答案 A）解析 由于是针对年龄而言，所以首先应排除的是D)，因为“along”的意思是“沿着(某、某方向)”。C)也不对，因为它的搭配往往是“fromto”。“among”是表示“在(很多的)中间”，也不能用于此处。只有A)是正确答案，它表示“在18岁到25岁之间”。例：When he is reading, he concentrates on meanings given by the text on the variety of possible meanings of individual words. A) rather than B) other than C) than D) more than答案 D) 解析 这道题句子较长，结构较复杂，四个选项具有迷惑性。首先看看整个句子，里面不含形容词或副词的比较级，故要排除C)。B)是一个有意误导的选项，因为没有这种用法，只有“no other than”。那么剩下A)和D)两项，A)“rather than表示“宁要而不要”，“rather than后面接的是不要或不愿意做的事。D)的“more than”表示“前面的事比后面的事做得多些”，“more than后面的事情不是不要或不做，而是做得少些而已。我们再看看全句的意思，便可确定选择D)，其中文意思是：“当他阅读时，他把更多的注意力集中在理解全文的意思上，而不是专门注意个别单词的意义。”例：I think you have talked too much; what you need now is more action and talk.A) few B) little C) fewer D) less答案 D)解析 本句的意思一目了然，即：你应该多行动(做事)少说话。根据句子意思及对应原则，比较级“more”应该对应一个比较级“更少”，而A)和B)不是比较级，首先排除它们。又根据“talk”在此是表示抽象意义“说话”；是不可数名词，故应选择D)。例： born in the north, the author was brought up in the south. A) Since B) When C) Although D) As 答案 C) 解析 此句的前一部分应看做是状语从句的省略形式，其完整形式为“he was born in the north。有这样一种规定：在用as if, if, once, though/although，unless，until，where，when，whether等引导的从句中，若谓语动词为be，而主语又与主句中的主语相同时，从句中的主语和谓语动词be通常省略。知道前一部分是状语从句，再将前、后部分连贯进来，想想全句的意思，就能选出正确答案C)。 例： all the electronic devices , computers have the greatest significance in modem technology .A) On B) By C) With D) Of答案 D)解析 从句型及四个选项看，此句的前一部分是介词短语作状语，后一部分是主句，句中的“greatest”告诉我们：这是一个含有最高级的句子，那么前一部分就是最高级句子常带的“of”短语作状语，故答案为D)。例： He said that he had to do with the accident, so he should not be questioned.A) something B)everything C) nothing D) anything答案 C)解析 本句是一个并列句，由so连接两个分句。第一个分句实际上是表明原因的，第二个分句是结果。在第一个分句不完整的情况下，我们先将后面分句的意思弄清楚：“他不应该被审问”。根据这个意思，前面分句中应该填入“nothing”，组成词组“had nothing to do with”，意思是“与无关”。学习指导 词义的选择与词组的固定搭配相类似，也是考查考生对词汇的掌握情况。相对而言，词义考查的难度还要大些。它不能像背词组那样完全背出来，而是要求在长期的实践中(比如做练习、读文章)熟悉一些习惯用法，准确掌握词义(特别是近义词)，还要求理解句子的能力相当强，不受一些插入成分的干扰。随着英语知识的深化，对词汇的要求也越来越高。它不仅体现在要求大量的词汇量上，而且要求能自如地运用，还要求掌握大量的惯用法和句型以及广泛的阅读面。1) 词汇：before long 不久(=soon)long before 很久以前(=a long time ago)no more than 只，仅仅(强调“少”)not more than 不超过(暗含“不到”的意思)some time 一段时间(noun phrase)sometime (过去)曾经或某时；(将来)某时(adV.)sometimes 有时(adv.)die of 死于(因内在的感情原因，如失恋、悲伤等)die from 死于(因外在的原因，如受伤、饮酒过量等)be afraid of sb./sth. 害怕某人或某物be afraid of doing sth. 害怕(担心)发生某种情况be afraid to do sth. 害怕(不敢)做某事refuse vt. 拒绝(坚定地)reject vt. 拒绝(强调当面)decline vt. 谢绝raise vt. 举起，提起(=lift up)rise vi. 升起，起身，起床arise vi. 发生，出现(=come into existence)2) 句型：have sb. do 让某人做某事have sth. to do 有某事要做have sb. doing 让某人(正)做某事have sth. doing 让某事/物处于某种状态have sth. Done 让某事由别人做；遇到某种情况be going to do 打算和准备做某事be to do 安排、计划、决定、命令做某事be about to do; be on the point of doing 马上就要做某事，一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：have gone to 已去了某地have been to 去过了某地have been in 呆在某地would like to do 很愿意做某事feel like doing 想要做某事(心里想做或由于身体不舒服引起的自然感觉be likely to do 可能、大概会发生某事Its the firs