非谓语动词(2).docx

1. 本讲主要梳理以下知识点：1) 动名词在句中的形式及作用2) 动名词作宾语与不定式作宾语的区别2. 本讲课程涉及的知识点在高考考试大纲中对应的考点为非谓语动词3. 该考点具体到考核目标与要求为五级知识点4. 该考点常出现在单项选择题和完形填空题中，大体分值为2-3分 在书面表达中也考查学生运用动名词进行表达的能力 一、知识精讲(一) 动名词的形式：v.-ing【例句】Reading is a good hobby.Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?状元典例_ it with me should be a good choice. Trust me.A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 答案：B思路分析：句子中缺少主语，故只能用leaving这个动名词作主语。1. 否定式：not + 动名词【例句】I regret not following his advice. I should apologize to you for not taking good care of your pets.状元典例（安徽卷）Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice! A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking答案：D思路分析：regret (not)doing/having done sth. 表示“后悔（没）做了某事” ；regret to do sth表示“遗憾去做某事”。结合句意, “我时常后悔没有听他的建议。”故选D项。2. 动名词的时态（1）一般式：v-ing （2）被动式： being + done 【例句】Nobody likes being laughed at.Its no fun being lost in rain.状元典例Do you remember _ to Dr. Green during your last visit?A. to be introduced B. having introduced C. being introduced D. to have been introduced 答案：C思路分析：此处非谓语动词作remember的宾语，而remember后用非谓语动词作宾语时, 可以用v-ing形式, v-ing形式表示的动作已经完成；也可用动词不定式, 表示动作还未发生。根据后文的during your last visit可知此处非谓语动词表示的动作已经完成, 且与逻辑主语是被动关系, 故用v-ing的被动形式，选C。（3）完成式：having done【例句】I regretted having spoken to him in such a rude way.状元典例He denied _ anything from the supermarket.A. stealing B. was stealing C. stole D. having stolen答案：D思路分析：deny意思是否认做某事，后面要接动名词，而steal这个动作应该是已经发生了，故应用完成时。（4）完成被动式：having been done【例句】He remembered having been shown around when he came to his hometown. 状元典例（江西卷）I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mentionwhen we talked on the phone.A. to promoteB. having been promotedC. having promoted D. to be promoted答案：B思路分析：句意为：我听说他们提拔了汤姆, 但我们在电话中交谈时汤姆并未提及被提拔之事。mention后跟名词或动名词作宾语, 此处要用动名词的完成被动式表示, “被提拔” 的动作在mention前发生。3. 动名词的复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词 如果不是在句子开头，这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格 +动名词构成， 在句中可作主语、宾语等。【例句】Do you mind my closing the door? Do you mind me closing the door?My closing the door made him angry.He suggested his leaving at once.Toms (His) being late again made our teacher very angry.状元典例1(上海春)_ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. The president will attend B. The president to attendC. The president attended D. The presidents attending答案：D思路分析：此题为动名词的复合结构在句中作主语,句中the presidents为名词所有格充当动名词attending的逻辑主语。状元典例2（安徽卷）I really cant understand _ her like that.A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating 答案：D思路分析：答案是 you treating, 加主语或者why to treat 不定式, 因为句中是动名词短语作宾语, 而其中的逻辑主语you 也可以换成your。意思是“我真的不明白你（为什么）要那样对她。”（二）动名词的句法功能： 1. 作主语： 【例句】Writing an English composition is not easy. Doing exercise every day is important for our health.Asking for help is sometimes necessary. 状元典例1（上海卷）Something as simple as _ some cold water may clear your mind and relive pressure.A. to drinkB. drinkingC. to be drinkingD. drunk答案：B思路分析：本句谓语动词是 clear和relive. 意思是：可以清醒头脑和减轻压力。Something 正是主语，就是后半句所说的“”, as simple as 插入进去是作为干扰的, 意思是: Something和一样简单。设空处应该填上一个和Something一样可以作主语的词，故只能是动名词，故选B。状元典例2（四川卷）He told us whether _ a picnic was still under discussionA. to have B. having C. have D. had答案：B思路分析：分析句子可知whether +to do sth. 作了宾语从句的主语, He told us 后省略了宾语从句的引导词that。注意：it作形式主语时，可用动词不定式，但下列句型中常用动名词：(1) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, .)等名词+doing sth.【例句】It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。It is a waste of time trying to explain设法解释是浪费时间。Is it any good telling him the truth right now?Its no use sitting here waiting.状元典例Its no use _ about the problem any more.A. be quarrelling B. quarrelling C. to quarrel D. will quarrel答案：B思路分析：本句是考查动名词的固定用法“It is no use doing sth.”,意为：做某事没有用。(2) It is + useless + doing sth【例句】Its useless taking this kind of medicine.2. 作表语【例句】Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。My mother is a nurse and her job is taking care of patients.=My mother is a nurse and taking care of patients is her job.状元典例What worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital.A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed 答案：B思路分析：考查对动名词复合结构被动形式及否定形式的掌握。否定词not要放在物主代词之后，动名词之前。3. 作宾语（1）介词后用动名词作宾语【例句1】Shes fond of collecting stamps.The great scientist devoted all his life to doing the scientific research.【例句2】I suggested asking his brother for some money.My brother enjoys playing the piano while I am fond of reading books.注意：以下及物动词及短语的宾语如果是动词就必须要用动名词形式建议冒险去献身：advise, suggest, risk, devote oneself to忍受期待不停顿：bear/stand(忍受), look forward to stop放弃延期悔失去：give up, delay, put off, regret, miss坚持欣赏（想）要（实）践（完）成：keep (on)/insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice, finish注意原谅避反对：pay attention to, excuse, escape, avoid, object to考虑要求不自禁：consider, require, cannot help允许习惯不介意：forbid; permit, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind值得开始想动名：be worth, set about, imagine【例句】The mother did agree to let the boy risk swimming across the river.All of them insisted on my staying with them a few days longer. 他们所有的人都坚持要我再跟他们多待几天时间。Im looking forward to hearing from you soon.状元典例1（上海卷）Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold 答案：C思路分析：句意为：比尔建议开会就假期为上海世博会做些什么进行讨论。suggest后接动名词, 排除B、D；根据句意, 会议还未开, 因此排除A，答案C。状元典例2（北京卷）It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and better ones of your own.A. introduces B. to introduce C. introducingD. introduced答案：C思路分析：句意为：值得考虑一下是什么使得“方便”食品这么受人欢迎, 并且介绍一下你自己比较喜欢的那些 “食品” 。and连接consider与introduce, 故introduce也要用v.-ing形式作为worth的宾语来使用。4. 作定语【例句】The factory built a swimming pool last year.The old man is walking slowly in the street with a walking stick in his hand.注意：动名词与被修饰词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，通常只表示性质或用途.a washing machine a machine for washinga reading room = a room for readinga sleeping bag 睡袋 drinking water 饮用水5. 作同位语【例句】His hobby, making model airplanes, is very interesting.二、难点聚焦（一）动名词短语常用在以下结构中1. have difficulty (in) + doing sth. have trouble (in) + doing sth.have fun (in) + doing sth./ have a good time (in) + doing sth./have a hard time (in) + doing sth.【例句】I had no difficulty in finding his home yesterday.We had a good time singing and dancing at the party.状元典例You can never imagine what great trouble I have had _ the patient who received a serious wound. A. treat B. to treat C. treating D. treated 答案：C思路分析：此题考查have great trouble in doing sth结构，由what引导的从句将宾语great trouble移前。2. feel like + 动名词“想要”=would like to +动词原形【例句】Do you feel like going to a movie? 你想看电影吗?I dont feel like reading tonight今晚我不想读书。状元典例Do you feel like _ there or shall we take a bus?Id like to walk. But since there isnt much time left, Id rather you _ a taxi.A. walking, hire B. to walk, hire C. to walk, hired D. walking, hired 答案：D 思路分析：feel like doing sth. 表示“愿意，打算做某事”，like在此为介词；答语中would rather后面的宾语从句中谓语动词要用一般过去时，该句的意思是：“你愿意步行还是乘公共汽车？”“我想步行去，但既然没有多少时间了，我宁愿乘出租车去吧。（二）动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：1. begin和start后面的动词为表示心理变化意思的动词时，须接不定式【例句】 It began to rain. 与It began raining. 意思无差别但：When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.2. 有些词后面既可以接不定式，亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，需特别注意（1）remember，forget，regret接动名词，表示“完成”的意思 (=having done)，接不定式，表示“将来”的意思【例句】Please remember to bring me the book I want next time. （记得带来）I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before. （记得见过）Dont forget to write to me soon. 别忘了早些给我写信。I forgot giving it to you yesterday.我忘记昨天给过你这个了。I regret not taking (not having taken) your advice. （后悔没有做）I regret to say I cant take your advice. （遗憾地说）状元典例1Tom failed to pass his final exam.Yes, I regret _ to help him.A. being unable B. not be able C. not to be able D. being not able 答案：A思路分析：答语的意思是：我后悔没能帮助他。“后悔（没）做什么事”要用regret(not) doing sth.状元典例2（陕西卷）I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken 答案：D思路分析：此处非谓语动词作remember的宾语, 而remember后用非谓语动词作宾语时, 可以用v-ing形式, v-ing表示的动作已经完成；也可用动词不定式, 表示动作还未发生, 根据后文的saw可知此处非谓语动词表示的动作已经完成, 且与逻辑主语是被动关系, 故用v-ing的被动式, 选D。(2) mean to do=want to do打算，想要mean doing：意味着，就是【例句】I am sorry I didnt mean to hurt your feelings.Missing this bus means waiting for another twenty minutes.状元典例Closing the factory means _ more workers out of work.A. to put B. put C. putting D. being put 答案：C思路分析：此句中mean表示“意味着”、“需要”，句意为：关闭这家工厂意味着有更多的工人失业。此时后接动词要用动名词形式，不用不定式。（3）stop to do停下来，要干另一件事（不定式作目的状语）stop doing停止做（动名词作宾语）【例句】When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking with each other.After walking some time, they stopped to have a rest.状元典例Im very tired.You really should stop _ to bed.A. studying and go B. studying and going C. to study and go D. to study and going 答案：A思路分析：对话中前者已感到累了，后者就应该劝他“不要再学了，上床休息”。句中should连接了两个并列动作，即stop studying 和go to bed, 故A为正确答案。(4) try to do努力，试图干try doing试着干【例句】He searched everywhere and tried to find his key.He came to the city from the countryside and tried to find a job.Try knocking at the back door.状元典例1(上海卷) There is nothing more I can try _ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade 答案：D思路分析：try to persuade.尽力去说服。I can tryyou to stay为定语从句, 省略了作try的宾语的关系代词that。状元典例2（湖南卷）Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She triedalone, but she didnt like it and moved back home.A. living B. to live C. to be livingD. having lived答案：A思路分析：句意为：苏姗不想依赖父母。她试着一个人生活, 但她不喜欢这样, 又搬回家去了。try doing sth.试着做某事；try to do sth.尽力去做某事。(5) go on to do继续干和原来不同的另一件事（不定式作目的状语）go on doing继续干原来的同一件事（动名词作宾语） 【例句】After a break，he went on telling us that interesting story.After reading English, I went on to work out the maths problems.（6）want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，接不定式就要用被动形式，这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系。【例句】These young trees require looking after（=to be looked after）.My hair needs/wants/requires cutting. (= My hair needs to be cut.)The flower needs/wants/requires watering twice a week in summer. (= The flower needs to be watered twice a week in summer.)状元典例My flat needs _.Would you like me _ it for you?A. to clean, to do B. cleaning, doing C. cleaning, to do D. to be cleaned, doing答案：C思路分析：此处need为实义动词，后接动名词的主动形式和不定式的被动形式都是可以的。(7)动词advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词，接复合宾语时用动词不定式。【例句】Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit ones health.The doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health. His wife doesnt allow smoking inside the room but allows him to smoke outside the room. 他的妻子不允许他在室内抽烟，但是允许他在室外抽。状元典例Can I smoke here?Sorry, we dont allow _ in the office.A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. smoked答案：C思路分析：该题的问话者询问此处能否吸烟，答句意思是“我们不允许在办公室吸烟”。allow后面可以接动名词或名词, 此处应用动名词。(8) be considered to have done被认为已经做了considerto be认为是consider doing sth. 考虑做某事【例句】 Tom is considered to have studied English in the USA, for he speaks English very fluently. We all consider Tom to be an excellent student. Have you considered buying another computer?状元典例（上海春）All the staff in our company are considering_ to the city centre for the fashion show.A. to go B. going C. to have gone D. having gone答案：B思路分析：consider to do 考虑做什么事。(9) be（get）used to doing习惯于be used to do被用来做【例句】 Tom came to our school last year. Now he has been used to studying here. The money will be used to build a new school.(10) cant help doing情不自禁做cant help to do不能帮助做【例句】 Hearing the funny story, all of the students couldnt help laughing. Mary cant help look after her baby sister, for she has to prepare for the coming examination.三、状元笔记v-ing形式的时态和语态：形式主动被动一般式doing being done 完成式having donehaving been done 1.（上海25）Its no use _ without taking action. A. complainB. complainingC. being complainedD. to be complained 答案：B思路分析：本句是考查动名词的固定用法“It is no use doing st”,意为：做某事没有用。2.（四川2）Ladex doesnt feel like_ abroad. Her parents are old. A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study 答案：B思路分析：考查feel like doing sth的用法，意为：愿意做某事。3.（湖南卷）If you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things, think again. A. gets B. got C. to get D. ge