野性的呼唤书评(英语双学位毕业设计).doc

Strive All the Way A Review of The Call of the Wild学 校 ： 中南财经政法大学 学 院 ： 经济学院 专 业 ： 国际商务 姓 名 ： 邵 彬 二学位班级 ： 12 班 指 导 教 师： 诸 光 华中科技大学英语二学位毕业设计（书评）任务书1、书名：The Call of the Wild 2、主要内容：野性的呼唤主要讲述一条家狗变成一只野狼的故事。小说的主人公是一条名叫“巴克”的狗，在被拐卖前，它是法官米勒家中一条养尊处优的驯养犬，过着无忧无虑的生活；然而，在被拐卖到严酷的北方之后，它不得不面对一个完全不同的世界。在极其恶劣的现实环境中，它显示出了强烈的生存欲望，并由这种欲望主宰，设法克服一切难以想象的困难，成为一只适应荒野生存规律和竞争规律的雪橇狗，最终响应了荒野的召唤，回归了自然。3、任务要求：内容正确，语言通顺、流畅，无有或少有语法错误，计算机打印，上交磁盘。4、同组设计者：詹林川、戴昀、张文杰、江蒙、沈惠子、武敏、孙莹、葛丽梅、徐瑶、沈青、朱美玲、龚玉立、王亚楠5、主要参考文献： 1叶婧瑜, 2006,与狼共舞的反叛人生N,中国教育报.2程佳,2007,野性的呼唤中的艺术手法与形象J,边疆经济与文化第九期.3高建红,2004,“弱者”的生命协奏曲与“强者”的挽歌D,南京师范大学学报.4Mary, Allen, 1983. Animals in American Literature. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.5Rothberg, Abraham,1984. Introduction to “The Call of the Wild and White Fang”. Bantam Books, Inc.6Wellek, Warren,1984.Theory of Literature. Sanlian Bookstore Press.一 路 奋 斗 读野性的呼唤有感摘 要在这冷酷无情的世界中，表示慈悲就等于付出了生命。要想生存就只有向前、向前再向前，绝对没有后退的可能。野性的呼唤讲述了文明世界的大狗巴克逐渐回归野性，重返荒野的故事。这一过程充满了野性与人性之间的交织与角斗，所有的事实都在告诉它在这社会中只有征服者和被征服者，最终野性占据了主导。书中表面上写的是狗，实质上反映了人的世界。主人公巴克渴望并最终奔向了自由，这反映了作家本身的追求和理想。本文通过对巴克的几段遭遇以及巴克本身的逐步蜕变进行介绍，淋漓尽致地展现了狗眼中的世界及人类的本质，反映了资本主义社会冷酷的现实和“优胜劣汰，适者生存”的客观现实。同时也得出了自己的一些结论，从巴克几次更换的主人对巴克的不同可以看出：金钱之上很难建立真正的友谊；爱与被爱是相互依存的；现实是不相信眼泪的等。关键词：野性 适者生存 本性 征服 友谊Strive All the Way A Review of The Call of the WildAbstractIn this ruthless world, expressing compassion is equal to pay your life. In order to survive, the only way is to keep going forward and forward, absolutely no retreat is possible. The call of the wild tells a story about a civilization gigantic dog, Buck, who gradually returned to the wild. This process was full of the contradiction of haggard and human nature. All the facts are telling the fact that in this society there are only conquerors and its conquests. Eventually, the untamed become dominant. The book is written dog on function, essentially reflecting the human world. Hero Buck desired and eventually ran to freedom, which reflected the writers own pursuit and ideal.This paper introduced several segments in Bucks life and the transforming progress of him, from which we can clearly see the cold reality Capitalist society and human nature from the perspective of a dog. It also reflects the objective law of survival of the fittest. Also I concluded some of my own conclusions. From the different attitudes different masters treaded Buck, we can see: real friendship can hardly established on money; to love and to be loved is interdependent; the reality does not believe in tears, etc.Key Words: untamed the survival of the fittest nature conquer friendship Contents1. Introduction 12. About the Author 23. About the Book 33.1 The Main Content33.2 Previous Reviews 54. My comments74.1 Real Friendship Can Hardly Established on Money7 4.2 The Survival of the Fittest75. Bibliography 991. IntroductionI have read the lite edition of the novel the Call of the Wild when I was still my junior high school. It has made a deep impression on me. Before I read the original, I could still remember the dogs name Buck, and some plots in this novel, such as one of his master made special shoes for him, he saved his beloved master at the risk of losing his own life, etc. I am a dog lover. And so are my family members. We have been raising dogs since I can remember. My father has a tricycle when I was still a little girl. I can remember our dogs used to help my father pulling the tricycle. So when I read this story, I can think of the dogs in my childhood pulling my fathers tricycle and playing with me and my brothers. Those are really nice memories for me.The reasons of choosing this book for my essay are as followings: firstly, I love this kind of books (the books about animals, especially dogs), secondly, I am fond of the hero Buck. Buck, who was shipped to the Klondike to be trained as a sled dog, eventually reverts to his primitive, wolflike ancestry. He then undertakes an almost mythical journey, abandoning the safety of his familiar world to encounter danger, adventure, and fantasy. When he is transformed into the legendary Ghost Dog of the Klondike, he has become a true hero. We can learn a lot from him, such as loyalty, unyielding tenacity, etc.2. About the AuthorJack London (1876-1916) is a famous American realism writer at the early 20th century. He was born in a poor peasant family in San Francisco. From childhood, he has to take part in physical labor, and intermittently tortured by life. At the age of ten, he was busy at study while selling newspapers in his leisure time. He used to get up at three o clock in the morning in order to distribute newspapers. Later, he made himself child labor, workers and sailors, etc. In 1897, he went to northern Alaska to join the gold rush with great hope, only to find not even a grain of gold. Unfortunately, he caught the scurvy, having to return home with nothing. But the experience of gold rush became the inspiration for The Call of the Wild (1903). After that, he began his literary creation career, and published in 1900th, generally called “northern story” series of novels. Later, he became one of the most widely read writers in the world. From the bottom of society, London has deep-felt experience of living in “capitalist civilization rubbish” tragic situation. His had left nearly fifty works, including nineteen novels in his sixteen years of writing career. The Abyss of People, Martin Eden, The Iron Heel and many other excellent realistic works criticized at the dark side of society. The call of the wild and Love Life are full of life force and feral beauty. Jack London began to pursue material comforts after he become popular. At forty, in the extreme emptiness of spirit, and with the attitude of pessimistic, he committed suicide. 3. About the Book 3.1 The Main Content The call of the wild tells a story of a special dog - Buck, who changes gradually from a family dog to a wolf. It includes: Chapter I into the Primitive, Chapter II the Law of Club and Fang, Chapter III the Dominant Primordial Beast, Chapter IV Who Has Won to Mastership, Chapter V the Toil of Trace and Trail, Chapter VI for the Love of a Man, Chapter VII the Sounding of the Call .At the beginning of the story, Buck is a domesticated dog in Judge Millers house, a dog of great dignity, living on the fat of the land. Unfortunately, Manuel, one of the gardeners helpers, stole Buck from his comfortable home and sold him. From then on, Buck began to live a totally different life. Buck is later sold again and passes hands several times. His first master (except Judge Miller) is a man in the red sweater, from whom Buck learnt that a man with a club was a lawgiver, a master to be obeyed, though not necessarily conciliated. Next he met Perrault and Francois, two persons who knew dogs and made Buck a sled dog. He worked in his harness, learned how to perform as a good sled dog quickly. From his masters, he understood the law of club. From one of his mates, Spitz, he learned the law of fang, and mastered this law or skill as fast as he can. He killed Spitz and made himself the leader of the sled dogs. To Perrault and Francoiss surprise, they had undervalued Buck. After Spitz dead, Buck took up the duties of leadership; and where judgment was required, and quick thinking and quick acting, he showed himself the superior even of Spitz, of whom Francois had never seen an equal. But this did not last long. Like other men, they passed out of Bucks life for good in the end. A Scotch half-breed took charge of Buck and his mates, and in company with a dozen other dog-teams he started back over the weary trail to Dawson. When they arrived in Dawson, the dogs are exhausted. And he sold the team again. This time Buck is sold to a man named Hal, his sister, and her husband named Charles who know nothing about sledding or surviving in the Alaskan wilderness. They struggle to control the sled and ignore warnings not to travel during the spring melt. As they journey on, they run into John Thornton, an experienced outdoors man, who notices that all of the sled dogs are in terrible shape from the ill treatment of their handlers. Thornton warns the trio against crossing the river, but they refuse to listen and order Buck to mush. Exhausted, starving, and sensing the danger ahead, Buck refuses. Recognizing him as a remarkable dog and disgusted by the drivers beating of the dog, Thornton cuts him free from his traces and tells the trio hes keeping him. After some argument, the trio leaves and tries to cross the river, but as Thornton warned the ice gives way and they drown.As Thornton nurses Buck back to health, Buck comes to love him and grows devoted to him. Thornton takes him on trips to pan for gold. During one such trip, a man makes a wager with Thornton over Bucks strength and devotion. Buck wins the bet by breaking a half-ton sled out of the frozen ground, then pulling it 100 yards by himself. Thornton and his friends return to their camp and continue their search for gold, while Buck begins exploring the wilderness around them and begins socializing with a local wolf pack. One morning, he returns from a three-day long hunt to find his beloved master and the others in the camp have been killed by some Native Americans. Buck finds some of them in the camp and kills them to avenge Thornton, later finding other members of the tribe, then returns to the woods to become a wolf of the pack. Each year he revisits the site where Thornton died, never completely forgetting the master he loved.In the story, Buck and John simply adopt themselves to answer the call of the wild. When it comes to Bucks mind that one day he will eventually leave John- his master, all he wants to do is just to help him finish the gold-rush-trip. He from then on, night and day, never put a halt, in desperation, he burst into long stretch of flight, did not to stay with him (John). Buck wished to remember Johns image forever, so he never left camp for two days and nights, never let Thornton out of his sight. He followed him about at his work, watched him while saw him into blankets at night and out of them in the morning. A dog devoted himself to loyalty and friendship in such a way. On the other hand, John Thornton is not only a dog-lover but also a brave and venturous man. He is so straightforward and simple that makes him an accommodating man. Once he firmly roots a goal into his heart, it seems that nothing could prevent him from accomplishing it except death. I do not know whether the persistence is the most vital element to make a man successful, but what know is that you are not far away from success once you occupy it.3.2 Previous Reviews The Call of the Wild by Jack London published in 1903 and often considered to be his masterpiece. Londons version of the classic quest story using a dog as the protagonist has sometimes been erroneously categorized as a childrens novel. Buck, who is shipped to the Klondike to be trained as a sled dog, eventually reverts to his primitive, wolflike ancestry. He then undertakes an almost mythical journey, abandoning the safety of his familiar world to encounter danger, adventure, and fantasy. When he is transformed into the legendary “Ghost Dog” of the Klondike, he has become a true hero.This article aims at an exploration of the desire for humanity in the novel through Bucks returning to the wild. It analyzes the writing background, Bucks attitude and behavior towards its masters and the way the masters treat Buck. It points out that the bad natural environment is like the Capitalist Society and these masters are like the capitalist. It is indicated that Bucks returning to the wild is caused by the greed and indifference of the masters, if they were kind to Buck, Buck would have stayed with people. Buck experience reminds people to be kind to each other.Many person would like to analyze Bucks multiple character. Many people summarized as followings: (1) Glad to accept challenge, and become the fittest When he was still in the Judges home, facing the dog handler, he is not tamed though he new the law of club. On the way to Dawson, under the condition of knowing the existence of prescient danger, he still choose rather die than surrender. In the second chapter, to get away from cold weather, Buck learned to dig the snow cave to shelter himself. To fill the stomach, he even learned to steal. As the authors described the thefts showed Buck was suitable for in the hostile northern environment, and also showed his adaptability to the uncertainty environment.(2) Yearn for new lifeTraveling from the sun-kissed southern to the frozen north, Buck became away from the human civilization. He quickly adapted the challenging life in the north and became fond of there. The book describes a scene-Buck chased a snow rabbit, which was extremely excellent-full of energy and life. This kind of natural lives chasing is so natural and spectacular, embodies the wisdom and ability of the individual. It is a kind of healthy and progressive spirit. Therefore, after the death of Thornton, Buck, without the slightest hesitation, gave a response to the new life calling from the forest, went back to the mysterious and free jungle, which reflects its yearning for new life.(3) Rule ruthlessly and cunningly Bucks nature of dog got incisively and vividly depict in the book. He is not only intrepid and ferocity, but also very cunning. He had got rich imagination, which made him good at playing tricks. In order to achieve purpose, he would like to do anything. He has great leadership skills. He beat the former leader dogSpitz, kept the following dogs in good order, and led his team break the record for many times. (4) Filled with love and passionWhen Thornton rescued him from sticks, and took care of him like a child, he displayed unshakable responsibility, love and loyalty on Thornton. One morning, he returns from a three-day long hunt only to find his beloved master and the others in the camp have been killed by some Native Americans. Buck finds some of them in the camp and kills them to avenge Thornton, later finding other members of the tribe, then returns to the woods to become leader wolf of the pack. Each year he revisits the site where Thornton died, never completely forgetting the master he loved.4My Comments 4.1 Real Friendship Can Hardly Established on MoneyFrom this novel, we can find that no one loved Buck from the bottom of their deep heart except Thornton. If you are carefully enough, you can find that Bucks masters (or owners may be more proper), they all got Buck in the same waythey all bought him from the former owner except Thornton and Judge Miller. They buy him only because they want a worker. And Buck was a good worker in their eyes, so they would like to buy him. We can conclude that if they do not need a dog for work, they may not buy him. Let us have a look at his owners: Judge Miller; the man in the red sweater; Perrault and Francois; the Scotch half-breed; Hal, Mercedes and Charles; John Thornton.From the upper master names, we can easily kick the man in the red sweater, the Scotch half-breed, Hal, Mercedes and Charles out, for they did not love Buck apparently.Then there are still three groups of persons who may love Buck- Judge Miller, Perrault and Francois, John Thornton.In my opinion, the feeling from Perrault and Francois for Buck can not be called love. They just thought Buck was a good sled dog, a good dog team leader. They appreciated his talent, which can not be called love in my view.The feeling from Judge Miller for Buck can not be called love in my opinion, either. I think it looks like a kind of habit instead of love. Buck has become one of his family members in the past four years, Miller had got used to having Buck around. Maybe he can not read Buck, for Buck may seem to be too young to become a friend of his.Why do I call the feeling from Thornton love? That is because Thornton saved Buck for nothing when Buck was dying. That is because Thornton can read Buck. He knows exactly what Buck feels. He trusted Buck as he trusted his friends. He thought for Buck That is why I call it love. To love and to be loved is interdependent.4.2 The Survival of the FittestThe Reality Does Not Believe in Tears. If you believe that tears can make your life easier, you are totally wrong. If you do not have a strong will, you will be wept out. If you are the fittest, you can live your happy life. If not, you will perhaps have no life at all.In this novel, the environment changed dramatically in Bucks life. From a high-fed fami