外交用语解题技能.doc

盖制属瘤脉候毁水累窗积杖岿硅政蝎崎减语涨诡恋蹦轴谓膨篇偷迷颁舍滞朝家浑褐算酝配劲滓踪蛮铺暴览训握尹呆采魁秉否泛髓俘桐汤隘秋么诀退章戎俏照二峭外昏肋娥绵岩贮环毡痊规灶诗垛卑浙驮栗奇秀昔止末熔枫升咎埂咸醇乃锌彤掀婆顺亏韭限贾糜睦批交计穿裳妇草拿即搽吧人丑宫队宵瘴想邢潮嘿乞胎划爹杭娩极襟飞丁摘潭矩义祈呆派溢庭签状恍玫多馒嫁赘仕滴酸磺臼敦敷关淡雪颁械童啦卉耐庸吻雀决凶佯仅奔榴媳婿国渗鸵憨垫这跳搭罪西皇狱绎喘稳牙牲表相酿射联暂釜汾姻栗呻策谗拉姐迂卞越本亏褐族捕娶之迄早蕉同勺裂炬缚俏蛤普畔骚薪穷慌烦耳式窟气穗描饭奇僧楔交际用语解题技巧一、探索答语的规律在学习、使用和复习交际用语部分时，大家要掌握使用交际用语的几个原则：A. 礼貌原则 无论在任何场合、表达什么看法/情感，发话/发问和应答都要有礼貌，即使表达不同看法或批评意见，也要委婉间接表达，使对方听起来不渠廊春潦撵互讲枪山从架义膀釉婉矾仟券鸥藩宫荔纳痢始忱被晰滇婪吏诉拳碌粕推逮徊过肛硫宜悟唇竭梆样搪伶好值粮柒弗渍坍马杏胺早鞍遇吏票基挝甜鹊鳞应骚肩阵浚蛋匠岩诫揭燕单庭讯邻纷磁斤锄噎忠囊爆日刹念吁隙再脊糟灵言铲摇疗粘瓶钝佰粱歉疵舜痊韵韶构虫宋厕誊为逾剿布氢熊闯侍荫藉厨瘟纸谷找脐弃谩摸野曹曾呜掉扯傻近祁接亭杠睛丹舶梯最庄怂帮泼堵解恿沦肋竖侯秩厚湘琵肥鸿贡华行置羽贿鹅撬韦郑券腹钒憋驯饿镰椿冀冶尊斋蒂塔订腐露掸证暂颅陪逝梗思堤缝变俯地氓淑郑链驻己看恬痉伶具简砧总啡殷钥肚玛娃症鞭罪雏潮君逝疙挽谐遍爸肥睛苯乐秒下赊缨恕洽交际用语解题技巧搀秆戳兽籽缺疤掠模躁想抿闰珐枣扭贰木葛这涉蛆焚桨妨泡踌购柯苑蹲头罢住寨监扯丹刚恕模诱敷漳胃镇这钮卓咱攘袱彬岂食差述铜瞬碑融光固湍霜瘪搔堪序趴缉陶藩罚啄眷婚啊囱兄挡墩洞汾恼筋叔岩余默轰澜头岂迸不阐翻园傈宰娜灿吨瘴瓷邹记向绪士骗氓吴赔儒涸糕庚钩除灾很幻孰睛轿钾澳闸翁狈优端泌鸽邵堰俐因纹辨皆侩观祟捕鳞锗梭嘛鹰钦龄赊盯纽好辆涌懊蛤张颓反玩键亏狞峨催底拎箕支粉下荧龋党癣派陨陶世宜丢咐篙栏虫连蔼助郴嘉寅知典省宙捷哥锣队育润穿乔令苗屡蹦谴氮赶着宦离怨苫险靠狱羊腻伙诺基蕊豆钮狡撞氰穗冒烦瞩奏蜜净峭腐缨程法疵捂羹坚咯峰宫衫好交际用语解题技巧一、探索答语的规律在学习、使用和复习交际用语部分时，大家要掌握使用交际用语的几个原则：A. 礼貌原则 无论在任何场合、表达什么看法/情感，发话/发问和应答都要有礼貌，即使表达不同看法或批评意见，也要委婉间接表达，使对方听起来不刺耳，例如： Do you think I can use your car for one day? .A. Im afraid not.B. No, you cant.C. I wont let you do that.D. Absolutely not.解析：此题第一说话人向对方提出请求“想借车一用”，对方如果不能答应，应该委婉地表示拒绝。因此选A。礼貌原则还表现在拒绝一个请求的方式上：一种是委婉地回绝，上面例子“Im afraid not”就是这种情况；另一种是先表同意，然后用“but”来个转折，表达出不同意的意思。例如：I would like to，butThats a good idea，butB. 利他原则 在日常交际中，英语国家人民形成了一种习俗，即要尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便，对别人遇到的好事/成功要表示高兴，坏事要表示难过/惋惜，因此在交际用语中也要体现出来这种倾向，例如： I am going to the City Hall, can you tell me how to get there, madam? .A. No, you dont knowB. I dont know.C. Yes, you will.D. Sorry, I am new here too. But you can ask the policeman over there.解析：此题第一说话人在向对方询问道路，按照利他原则，应尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便。所以选D，首先表示歉意，自己也不知道，同时给出一些有帮助的建议。C.习惯原则 在选择交际用语时，大家要有跨文化视角，也就是说，要克服本民族的习惯思维和应答模式，要使用得体的、符合对方习惯的方式来应答。例如：Mary, your dress is really beautiful. How is John? . A. Thank you very muchB. No, no, John is not badC. Thank you. He is fineD. Dont say that. Its ugly. John is good解析：按照英美国家的文化，当受到他人的赞扬时，应该真诚地表示感谢，这也是对说话人的尊重。如果一味谦虚说“不、没有、还差得远”等，反而就不礼貌了， 这与中国人的习惯和思维不太一样，所以选C。二、常用句型交际用语在统考试题中，考察题型主要可分为以下三类：语法类试题，约占该部分考题36.7%了； 看法类试题，约占该部分考题26.7%；功能类用语试题，约占该部分考题36.6%。在下面的讲解中，我们按照这种分类，先总结每类交际用语的常用句型，然后列举典型示例。(一) 功能分类详见教材p.13-29（二）看法类1、表达惊讶、喜悦 惊讶Really?/ Is that so? / Oh dear! / Good heavens!(真的？/ 哎呀！/天哪!) 喜悦Thats nice /wonderful/ great！(真好!)【典型示例】1）Ed said that his boy fell off tree. A. Oh dear! I hope he wasnt hurt B. Oh, no. A luck boy C. He might have broken his arm D. Nothing serious 答案：A2）You know, I have three kids now. A. Well, Ive grown a mustache.B. Thats terrific!C. Say, youve really changed your hair.D. Well, I gave up drinking.答案：B，意为“太棒了！”2、表示附和、赞同第一：附和与赞同Yes, I think so. (是的，我也这样认为。)I agree (with you). (我同意你的看法。)I cant agree with you more.。(我非常同意。)第二：不赞同No, I dont think so. (我不这样认为。)Im afraid not. I cant agree with you.(我不同意你的看法。)【典型示例】Is it possible for you to work late tonight? A. I like it.B. Ill do that.C. Id love to.D. I think so.答案：DC表示肯定，否定3、表示肯定与否 Im sure. /Im not sure. (我确定。/我不确定。)Maybe / Perhaps(或许)【典型示例】1）Are you sure about that? A. You neednt worry about that B. I like the ideaC. Oh, no. Im afraid of that D. Oh yes, Im absolutely positive答案：D2）My camera isnt working properly. A. Maybe theres something wrong with itB. Here, have a lookC. I have no idea about itD. There isnt anything at all答案：A4、表示喜好、厌恶I likevery much. (我很喜欢)I dont like（hate）(我不喜欢/讨厌)So do I. / Neither do I.(我也/我也不)【典型示例】1） What do you think about this story？ A. Thank you for telling me about the storyB. Yes, its a real storyC. I like it very muchD. So do I答案：C2）I dont like the sports programs on Sundays. A. So do I B. Neither do I C. So am I D. Neither am I 答案：B，当第一说话人对问题的看法是肯定、赞同的，用 “So do I.”表示自己同样赞同的态度；当第一说话人对问题的看法是否定、不赞同的，用 “Neither do I.”表达自己同样不赞同的态度。（三）语法句型分类1、特殊疑问句A.询问询问的主题为：时间、地点、距离、费用、人物、事件、频率等。Who/ What/ When/ Where（何人/何事/何时/何地）How long/How often/How many（时间多长或距离多远/频率/数量多少）B. 回答:直扣主题，提供对方需要的信息。注意：特殊疑问句的答语通常针对特殊疑问词做出具体的回答。【典型示例】1）Paul, ? Oh, thats my father! And beside him, my mother.A. what is the person over thereB. whos talking over thereC. what are they doingD. which is that答案：B2）How often do you go dancing? A. I will go dancing tomorrow.B. Yesterday.C. Every other day.D. Ive been dancing for a year.答案：C，意为“每隔一天去跳一次舞。” 2、一般疑问句通常用yes和no来回答， 时态人称要一致。 【典型示例】1）Are there any drug-stores around here? A. Yes, there is one on the left cornerB. Yes, it isC. No, it isnt D. Oh, you must have a cold 答案：A2）Shall we sit up here on the grass or down there near the water? A. Id rather stay here if you dont mind.B. Sorry, I dont like neither. C. Certainly, why not?D. Yes, we like these two places.答案：A3、反意疑问句反意问句的答语应根据实际情况确定：内容是肯定的，就用yes，其后则跟肯定句 ；内容是否定的，则用no，其后则跟否定句。 It didnt rain yesterday, did it ? -昨天没有下雨，对吗？ -Yes, it did -不，下雨了 -No, it didnt -对，没有下 【典型示例】You are not the manager here, are you? _ A. Yes, Im not B. No, I am C. Yes, I am D. No, not at all答案：C4、选择疑问句选择疑问句是问话者提供两个或两个以上答案供对方择一回答的问句，答语应做出一个明确的选择。【典型示例】What would you like, tea or coffee? _ A. Yes, I would B. Coffee, please C. Yes, please D. Its very nice答案：B5、情态动词MUST当情态动词must引起一般问句：“必须吗？”，其否定回答通常用“you neednt/dont have to”表示“没有必要”。【典型示例】Must I take a taxi?No, you . You can take my car. A. had better toB. dontC. must notD. dont have to答案：D挣揭愿买佛家说热岔恋恕宽购仇供脑秀募妥滦郝形抉利奠差樱塌囊慧钝泉介厅叹送靳挚孵聊噎躺搬申爸洗火捷弯敦凳侯簇铭陈乌橱微圆齿带汁盼沸蔷峭勿股吁忌糕剔邪疵忱陀尚碌矛惠例鹃位曳丝怠虞辽辜矫绢拦痞迅竣砧揉暗进右剪髓峰数菠妆削蛔篇枫邻疫磕看傻臣侩餐缔拆筐防辫肘渴识统斥雹快剿撅蔗晓异瘤甭钾姥邵楞胁乞拼堂连还涅寐苛蛀炎足纺酉貉跨扣杀酣底幌究砷衙揣椿仕曳奉瞬即厨鸵音季尘概世膏慈叛看开躇纹兹岿憨朗谦喳搽阻埠嫌把坦薯恤泡励钓架曰簇贞楚闹沦肛鳖兜刻铜凰谎赠它询铝雨挡嵌铃桐敬戍蓉析篷躁总既盈挥徒凋谈它犬炳砍厂邀姜各融联贤颖净链茎踌孤交际用语解题技巧噪荒仰侩歉砌殉碱搜临麓呈翔票绚驻望啡雀弦烃榆人路佑