(13电子本)专业英语修改版.doc

一、 词汇英汉互译external force 外力compensate 补偿voltage 电压repulsion 排斥battery 电池transistor 晶体管steam engine 蒸汽机mechanical energy 机械能decimal 十进制；小数equation 等式，相等semiconductor 半导体vector 矢量feedback 反馈PLC 可编程序逻辑控制器property 性质，特性impurity 杂质outer electron 外层电子walk of life 行业，职业counterpart 副本ohm 欧姆potential 电位，势能thumbwheel switch 指轮开关Logic 0 逻辑0Motor 发动机，电动机programmable controller 可编程控制器phosphorus 磷manipulate 操作protocol 协议likelihood 可能，可能性pros 正面地阻力，电阻，阻抗 resistance原子 atom电路 circuit加速度 acceleration惯性，惯量 inertia功 work结合 bond二进制 binary交流电 AC(Alternating Current)传感器 sensor继电器 relay主轴 spindle扭曲 twisting串联 series磁的 magnetic开关 switch二极管 diode比特，位 bit测量 measure弹簧 spring升降机 elevator孔 bore反对地 cons马力 horsepower矢量 vector电磁，电磁学 electromagnetism逻辑0 logic 0二进制编码的十进制 BCD位，比特 bit共有原子价的，共价的 covalent二、 根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇序号英 文 解 释词 汇1that is a material or converting which electricity, heat or sound cannot go throughinsulator(绝缘体)2a device used to break or open an electric circuit or to divert current from one conductor to anotherswitch(开关，电闸，转换)3a compound with two oxygen atoms per moleculedioxide(二氧化物)4the number left over when one integer is divided by anotherremainder(余数)5to increase the speed of accelerate(加速度)6the act of disturbingdisturbance(打扰)7a usual electronic device used to record, regulate, or control a process or systemmonitor(监控器)8a small electronic device containing a semiconductor and having at least three electrical contacts, used in a circuit as an amplifier, a detector, or a switchtransistor(晶体管)9one million cycles per second. Used especially as a radio-frequency unitmegahertz(兆赫)10an electronic device that restricts current flow chiefly to one directiondiode(二极管)something, such as a fetter, cord, or band, that binds, ties, or fastens things togetherbond(结合，联结)11that is the degree to which a substance prevents the flow of an electric current through itresistance(阻力)12an electric generator that produces alternating currentalternator(交流发电机)13a closed path followed or capable of being followed by an electric currentcircuit(电路)14a small electronic device containing a semiconductor and having at least three electrical contacts, used in a circuit as an amplifier, a detector, or a switchtransistor(晶体管)15the rubbing of one object or surface against anotherfriction(摩擦力)16a beneficial factor or combination of factorsadvantage(优点)17a surface forming a common boundary between adjacent regions, bodies, substances, or phasesinterface(交界面)18One who operates a machine or deviceoperator (操作人员)19a large, powerful computer, often serving several connected terminalsmainframe(主机)三、 将下面的句子翻译成中文。1 Worse, because our resistors are of unequal value the power distribution will be unequal with the greater dissipation in the largest resistor.而且，当电阻器上的电阻大小不等时，电阻率越大，消耗的能量也就越多。2 Metals have very low resistance. A low resistance allows a large amount of current to flow.金属的电阻很小。很小的电阻允许很大的电流流过。3 Two metallic plates separated by a non-conducting material between them make a simple capacitor.不可导的物质隔开两块金属板就可以形成一个简单的电容器。4 All number systems have the same three characteristics: digits, base, weight.所有的数制都有相同的三个属性：数字、基数和权。5 Aircraft flight control has been proven to be one of the most complex control applications due to the wide range of system parameters and the interaction between controls.由于系统参数的范围广泛，以及控制之间的相互影响，飞机飞行控制已被证明为最复杂的控制应用之一。6 A rule of thumb is to use a wattage rating of at least twice the expected dissipation.用掉的能量至少是有效使用能量的两倍，这是一个很重要的法则。7 Regardless of methods, the CNC program must of course be loaded into the CNC machine before it can be run.不管用什么方法，CNC程序当然必须在被运行之前装载到CNC机器中。8 The five band code is more likely to be associated with the more precision 1% and 2% types. Your “garden variety” 5% general purpose types will be four band resistance codes.五条色条代码能够表示公差为1和2类型的电阻。作一般用途、公差为5的电阻，“色彩变化”通过四条电阻色条代码来表示。9 An atom with an unbalance charge is called an ion. Ions are charged particles that would produce a current if they could move.带有不平衡电荷的原子称为离子。离子是一种带电荷粒子，如果将离子移动就可以产生电流。10 Silicon crystals for example have very few free electrons. However if “impurities” are introduced in a controlled manner then the free electrons or conductivity is increased.例如，硅晶体只有很少的自由电子。但是如果以一种可控制的方法掺入“杂质”，则自由电子或可导性就增加了。11 The magnetic moment can be considered to be a vector quantity with direction perpendicular to the current loop in the right-hand-rule direction.电磁可以认为是一种矢量，同电流环面垂直，方向可以由右手定则确定。12 High-speed instructions allow for events and interrupts to occur independent of the PLC scan time.高速指令使得某些事件和中断可以独立于PLC的扫描时间而发生。13 Resistors which are deliberately designed to handle and radiate large amounts of power are electric cooktops, ovens, radiators, electric jugs and toasters.在电炉灶面，烤箱，电暖炉，电水壶和烘箱上设置电阻器，其目的是利用它处理和消耗很大的功率的特性。四、将下面的句子翻译成英文。1人们发现电荷间存在排斥力和吸引力。这种力通常很小。People found that charges produce forces of repulsion and attraction.These are usually small forces.2如果将一块N型材料同一块P型材料相连，然后加上电压，将有电流流过。If we take a piece of the P-type material and connect it to a piece of N-type material and apply voltage then current will flow.3简言之，力就是推或拉。In simple terms,a force is a push or a pull.4一旦程序写好，程序就要被测试和调试。Once a program has been written it needs to be tested and debugged.5几乎所有的设备都用7或8个数据位（比特）来传送数据。Almost all devices to transmit data using 7 or 8 data bits (bits).6电阻器被用于控制电压和电流。Resistors are used to control voltages and currents.7二极管是一种只允许电流以一个方向流过的元件。它有一个正极和一个负极。Diodes are components that allow current to flow in only one direction.They have a positive side and a negative side.8 PLC是以On或Off的形式（1或0）来存储信息的。PLC stores information in the form of On or Off conditions(1 or 0）.9开环控制系统的应用范围有限。Open-loop control systems are of limited use.10 CNC程序可以通过人工开发。The CNC program can be developed manually.五、翻译短文Interfaces We know that data are stored in a computer as patterns of bits. Within a given machine, the patterns are consistent; for example, if the code for the letter A is 01000001, this pattern, and only this pattern, will be used to represent an A inside the computer.The rule does not apply to input or output devices, however, on a keyboard, each key generates on character. With graphics, pixels are displayed. A dot matrix printer represents characters as patterns of dots. A card reader interprets patterns of holes punched in a card. An optical device reads light intensity, while a magnetic device reads magnetic intensity. Each input or output device represents or interprets data in its own unique way, and the signals used by a peripheral device may or may not match the signals stored inside the computer. If these dissimilar devices are to communicate, translation is necessary. This is the function of the interface board. Consider, for example, a keyboard. When a key is pressed, an electronic signal is sent to the keyboards interface. In response, the interface generates the code used to represent that character inside the computer, and transfers the coded data into main memory. Lets change the device to a printer. As output begins, the data are stored inside the computer as binary-coded character. The printer requires a dot pattern. Clearly translation is necessary. The coded characters are sent to the printers interface, which translates the computers binary