浅谈桥涵台背 (改).doc

this type of operation for the safety technology. Without education and training in safety knowledge, shall not enter the construction site operations. To enter the construction site, you must wear a helmet, buckle chinstrap. Work at two meters high and must be fastened. When working at height, are not allowed to throw down or up the materials and tools and other objects. Persons not engaged in electrical and mechanical, prohibited the use of mechanical and electrical equipment. Building materials and components to be tidy and secure, shall not exceed the relevant provisions. Hazardous areas should be clearly marked, protective measures should be taken at night to set up a red light warning. In the operation, should adhere to their jobs, drunken operation is strictly prohibited. Special operations personnel (electricians, welders, boiler operators, blasters, lifting grid and pile drivers and commanding, shelf workers, machines, motor vehicle drivers, and so on) must be operating permits from the relevant sector professional training examinations, independent operation, operation focus, not to leave. Construction site prohibited to wear slippers, heels, skirt, sliding and studded shoes and barefoot, shirtless, and so on. Construction site of the scaffold (prohibition of the use of bamboo and wood materials setting), protective equipment, safety signs, warning signs, scaffolding wall may be supplemented, removed and need to be removed must be reinforced by the contractors agree. Construction site of the four (openings, stairs, lift head, hole) and the five-limb (balcony, framing, roofing, run (oblique) road and unloading platforms), protective measures and clearly marked. Are not allowed to sit at the feet of . Nails should be promptly removed. Drywall cut bricks are cut, no outside chopping. Preventing broken tiles fall hurt. Tools must always be mounted after good tool bag. In the Derrick (gantry) travel; in the Derrick (gantry) increased security measures are not taken to the following cleaning mortar, concrete and other debris; hanging baskets for a long time is not allowed to stop the air; after work basket must be placed in the ground, and cut off the power and lock box. Scaffolding on the Frost, snow, mud, and building waste time cleaning. Both ends of the scaffold to fasten to prevent probe Panel. Danger of overloading the scaffold: laying per square foot scaffold distributed load shall not exceed 270KN, piled up on the scaffold standard bricks of single side three storeys high. Wall removal of dangerous scaffolding; Sat down to rest on the guard rail danger; Set, dismantling scaffolding, Derrick (gantry) high, edges, vacant jobs, such as not wearing a seat belt at risk. Upper part of the ladder to fasten, antiskid measures are required in the lower part. Upper part of the ladder to hang, and lower banding. Ladder to fasten in the Middle, lower to have a non-slip steps, are not allowed to sit on it, riding moves. Altitude: personnel engaged in the Spider-man,stavebn tm vdce mst een. een by mlo zahrnovat analzu rizik, monost nehod charakteristik a nouzovch postup, nouzov zpracovn a obsah opaten. 4, integrovan pohotovostn plny, speciln havarijn plny a mst een by mly bt mezi sebou a s ostatnmi jednotky zapojeny v nouzi, kter jsou vzjemn propojeny. 5, havarijn pln by ml zahrnovat havarijn personl a organizace kontakt, nouzov rezervn seznam a dal informace. Informace by mly bt pravideln aktualizovny a zajist, e informace jsou pesn a platn. tyi, havarijn pln revize 1, Recenze pohotovostn plny pezkoumn formul a prvky pezkumu a opaten pijatch dvma zpsoby. Kdy host slou pedevm pro havarijn plny pro zznam v podob Recenze, prvek hodnocen pro nouzov hodnocen. . Kd pro porn ochranu konstrukce budov a nsk republice ny exploze nebezpen oblasti elektrick bezpenostnch pedpis a pedpis o porn ochranu design rafinaci ropy a chemickch podnik, napklad poadavky na pedpisech a nazench. 2. pi provdn instalace me zpsobit por, exploze, kter sti by mly bt pln nastaven peht, petlaku, micch pstroj, alarm (zvuk a svtla). 3. kde je holav plyn (pra) me unikat , holav plyn koncentrac detekce, alarm by mla bt nastavena. 4. vechny komunikoval s holav, vbun zazen s inertnm plynem, plynov penosov potrub, by mla bt nastavena zabrnit holavch a vbunch ltek do zazen, ale nemla bt samostatn zptn ventil. 5. holav plyn (pra) nastavit plamen svodi odvzduovac vvod, snadno pracovat, kde se zastavit ventily, aby pi vstupn vtrac potrub je v plamenech, peruil por plynu odvzduovac potrub ml bt nainstalovn v nejni hasicho zazen. 6. kdy dopravu holavch materil by mla odpovdat prmru potrub a stedn mrn odpor, sprvn zen prtoku, co nejvce se vyhnout statick elektiny. Antistatick opaten, jako jsou zazen, potrub, by mlo bt v souladu s technickmi pedpisy pro uzemnn design pro chemick podniky pslunch ustanoven. 7. nhl vbun petlaku nebo rychlho rozkladu vrobnch zazen nebo skladovacch zazen by mly bt vybaveny vbuchu (nevbun membrna), vvoz nonel trubice smrem k bezpenosti a aby prevence sekundrnch exploz, protiporn opaten. 8. vrobnthe principle of simplified EIA of construction projects in the region. In terms of land, linked to the implementation of urban and rural construction land increase and decrease, replacement indicators for priority areas project. Charges, into the projects of water, electricity, administrative charges and preferential policies. In the area of taxation, and settled in areas of industry and its production company, within 5 years after the completion of fiscal incentives to enterprises. In terms of financing, integration of land, tax, financial and other resources, and construct Government credit + business credit credit system, establishment of marketization, commercialization and modernization of the investment and financing platform; effective Bank-enterprise docking, encourages private capital into the Park, to raise industry development fund. 5, optimize the environment and service industries. To create policy lowlands, Highlands, integrity of service land, development land as the goal, to optimize the area under development environment. All administrative law enforcement departments to appoint a full-time personnel stationed in areas dedicated to coordinating and solving problems associated with businesses in this sector. When there are substantial issues, sector leaders arranged to personally intervene, in-person, in-person push tangible area building a green light, easy line. To further reduce and standardize administrative examination and approval items, simplify examination and approval links, improve efficiency; according to the .Since the educational practice of the mass line of the party, himself seriously in the education, practical control central eight rules and opposing the four winds and practicing three Suns, and check the spirit of Jiao Yulu, ideology, solicit opinions based on outstanding problems checked swing, careful analysis and reflection. Will now check report is as follows: first, adherence to the partys political discipline, eight in the central provision, change the style of the basic situation of 1, in compliance with the partys political disciplines. Conscientiously abide by the partys political discipline, abide by the Constitution and the rules and regulations of the party, in the political, ideological and maintain highly consistent with the CPC Central Committee on the action, there is no violation of the partys political discipline problems. 2, in the implementation of the central authorities of the eight provisions. Improving research, improving research methods, but there are less grass-roots units, primary first-hand an inadequate grasp of the problem, which is to be strengthened in the future. Second, construction, strictly in accordance with the provisions to streamline and improve the quality of meetings of the Conference. Third, streamlining file briefs, culture involves all aspects of propaganda and ideology, sometimes due to the practical needs of invention notifications, this area needs further浅谈公路工程桥涵基坑台背回填江苏润扬交通工程集团有限公司 禹宝余（扬州市运河南路1# 邮编：225003）宝应县交通工程质量监督站 管海军 （宝应县叶挺东路37# 邮编：225800）【摘要】：公路工程本着因地制宜、就地取材、经济合理、技术可行的原则，以防止特殊复杂地地形条件下结构物及路基不均匀变形，采用基底结构、回填结构相互作用的系统思想，通过加强回填处理，减少结构物与路基的变形和破坏。桥、涵基坑及台背回填工作是一项容易被忽视而又不容易做好的工作。回填工作做的好，可以减轻结构物两侧的“跳车”现象；做的不好，结构物两侧路基产生沉降，从而导致“跳车”现象严重；严重影响公路的使用效果及寿命，所以结构物回填工作不容忽视，结构物回填工作应被纳入质量控制的重点。【关键词】：公路工程 桥涵基坑 台背 回填 施工 本人在多条高速公路一线施工，总结出如下几点观点：一、结构物基坑回填结构物基坑回填应符合下列要求：1、所有结构物基坑的回填应采用砂砾、级配碎石等透水性材料或设计规定的填料，砂砾、级配碎石等透水性材料其级配应符公路路面基层施工技术规范（JTJ034-2000）规定。严禁采用膨胀土、高液限粘土、腐殖土、盐渍土、淤泥和冻土块等不良填料。填料中不应含有机质、冰块、草皮、树根或生活垃圾等不合格材料回填。严禁结构物基础超挖回填虚土。2、结构物基坑的回填一般要到结构物基础拆模期终了3d之后进行回填。如果混凝土养生条件不正常，应延长时间。桥台和桥墩基础等周围的回填，应同时在两侧及基本相同的标高上进行，特别要防止对结构物基础形成单侧土压力。必要时，挖方内的边坡应修成台阶形。3、回填材料应分成摊铺，并用符合要求的设备压实。每层都应压实到图纸要求的压实度标准。4、需回填的基坑应及时排水。若无法彻底排除基坑积水时，则应采用砂砾或级配碎石等透水性材料回填，并在水中分薄层铺筑，直至回填到水面以上达到能充分压实的高度时，再进行充分夯实。二、桥、涵台背回填1、开工准备回填工作必须在桥涵砌体的砂浆或混凝土强度达到设计强度的75%以上并在隐蔽工程验收合格后才能进行。墙背填土必须和挖方路基、填方路基有效搭接，纵向接缝必须设台阶。回填之前确定回填范围，校核标准试验，必须配备满足压实工艺要求的设备，按照设计或监理工程师批准的材料回填。2、 施工方案的确定现场检查回填前清基排水和场地清理情况，严禁在软土、泥浆和基坑水未排除的情况下进行回填。检查基底压实度，桥涵的临土面处理（涂刷沥青以防水和减少压实阻力），核实设备配置情况，提出注意事项。对涵洞、通道回填必须编制相应的回填施工方案，施工时必须严格按照编制的施工方案进行施工，如有特殊情况可以进行方案的变更。3、 分层填筑1. 回填材料符合公路路面基层施工技术规范有关规定。2. 分层松铺厚度：当采用大型压实设备时，分层松铺厚度不得大于20cm；当采用小型夯具时，分层松铺厚度不得大于15cm。回填前，用红漆在涵（台）背左、中、右分别标注压实分层标记及回填层数编号。填料的含水量应严格控制以保证压实度符合设计及规范要求。 3. 回填范围：顺路线方向长度：A、桥涵、盖板涵、箱涵（通道）：底部距墙（台）身23m（有耳背墙的桥台为耳背墙外端2m），与路基接头处按1：1的比例放坡挖台阶处理。B、圆管涵、倒虹吸：填土长度每侧距管涵中心3m为宜。宽度为路基全幅。填筑高度：A、桥台、明涵台背：回填至路床顶；B、暗涵：回填至涵顶。基础基坑顶面顶面墙（台）身砂砾或级配碎石透水性材料：1修成与压实厚度等高的台阶回填材料台背回填示意图圆管涵台背回填示意图基坑顶面回填材料基础4.填土顺序：台背填土的顺序要符合设计要求。管涵回填应两侧对称、同时进行回填；盖板涵、箱涵（通道）应在盖板浇筑（安装）完成后并达到设计强度的75%以上时才能两侧对称回填；梁式桥的U型桥台台背填土，应在梁体安装完成以后，在两侧平衡的进行；柱式或肋式桥台的回填，必须分段分层进行。先填筑桩基和承台部分路基，当承台、肋板浇筑完成达到回填要求时，将台前路基（含锥坡）超宽3050cm填筑到帽梁底面标高（肋板两侧回填夯实必须对称进行），等帽梁浇筑完成达到回填要求时，最后填筑至路床设计标高。桥头台背可以单独回填，不需对称进行。5.碾压：台背回填材料备好后，施工时应尽可能采用重型压路机碾压，碾压时，机械应与桥涵保持一定的距离，确保构造物的安全。对于重型机械无法碾压的死角或漏压区，必须采用手扶式振动压路机、电动式冲击夯、电动式平板夯、蛙式打夯机等小型机具或现场监理工程师同意的其他方法压实。如施工过程中对结构物造成损坏，应及时进行补救，直到合格为止。6.防水及排水施工要求：（1）桥、涵台背的粒料排水层应采用分层反开挖的施工方法施工，施工时，不得使周围的细粒料堵塞排水层的排水通道，以满足排水要求。排水层的水应引出路基外，必要时可在八字墙部位的排水层中加设50mm100mm的PVC多孔透水管。（2）桥、涵基础顶面以下的部分，采用不透水的材料回填时，回填材料的强度应符合要求。图纸中没有规定时，应采用不低于基底强度要求的材料回填。（3）在基础顶面及地面线附近的泄水孔底部，用水泥浆进行封闭以防止雨水渗入基底或继续下渗。4、检测桥涵、盖板涵、箱涵（通道）、圆管涵、倒虹吸等回填压实度要求：从填方基底以上或涵洞顶部至路床顶面压实度均为96%。检查频率为每50m2检测1点，不足50m2的至少检测1点，每点都应合格。应严格执行层层自检、层层报验制度。对重点工程应加大检查频率，实行每车道1点。5、验收台背回填完成后，及时通知监理单位组织验收，并签批中间交工证书；涵洞、通道回填必须填报检验申请批复单。6、施工管理1）台背回填施工，应进行全过程的监控和管理，做好施工日记，严格做好检测测工作。2）台背回填施工时，必须记录填筑时间、填料情况等，并及时通知旁站监理进行现场报验工作。3）为了路基施工进度，必须加快结构物台背回填，凡具备回填条件的应在5天内开始回填。4）成立专业施工队伍，安排专职质量技术负责人。5）建立台背回填施工记录台账，台账内容应包括结构物桩号、回填材料名称、施工日期、自检质量（层厚、范围、压实度等）及责任人。7、加强管理，加大奖罚力度 1）施工队违反规定进行桥涵台背回填施工的，发现一次处罚一次，每次给予一定数额的罚款，并给予曝光和批评。2) 经抽查，凡报验监理台背回填质量不合格的，坚决返工，并给予处罚。3) 应特别重视台背回填工作。台背回填工作既是难点，又是重点，加强施工管理人员责任心。结语：综上所述，桥、涵基坑及台背回填质量的好坏直接影响到公路的使用效果及寿命，在施工过程中应予以足够的重视。【参考资料】：1.公路工程质量检验评定标准第一册（JTGF80/1-2004）2.公路路基施工技术规范（JTGF10-2006）通信地址：江苏省扬州市广陵区汤汪乡九龙村袁庄组24号工作单位：江苏润扬交通工程集团有限公司邮政编码：225003联系电话子信箱：1137257234this type of operation for the safety technology. Without education and training in safety knowledge, shall not enter the construction site operations. To enter the construction site, you must wear a helmet, buckle chinstrap. Work at two meters high and must be fastened. When working at height, are not allowed to throw down or up the materials and tools and other objects. Persons not engaged in electrical and mechanical, prohibited the use of mechanical and electrical equipment. Building materials and components to be tidy and secure, shall not exceed the relevant provisions. Hazardous areas should be clearly marked, protective measures should be taken at night to set up a red light warning. In the operation, should adhere to their jobs, drunken operation is strictly prohibited. Special operations personnel (electricians, welders, boiler operators, blasters, lifting grid and pile drivers and commanding, shelf workers, machines, motor vehicle drivers, and so on) must be operating permits from the relevant sector professional training examinations, independent operation, operation focus, not to leave. Construction site prohibited to wear slippers, heels, skirt, sliding and studded shoes and barefoot, shirtless, and so on. Construction site of the scaffold (prohibition of the use of bamboo and wood materials setting), protective equipment, safety signs, warning signs, scaffolding wall may be supplemented, removed and need to be removed must be reinforced by the contractors agree. Construction site of the four (openings, stairs, lift head, hole) and the five-limb (balcony, framing, roofing, run (oblique) road and unloading platforms), protective measures and clearly marked. Are not allowed to sit at the feet of . Nails should be promptly removed. Drywall cut bricks are cut, no outside chopping. Preventing broken tiles fall hurt. Tools must always be mounted after good tool bag. In the Derrick (gantry) travel; in the Derrick (gantry) increased security measures are not taken to the following cleaning mortar, concrete and other debris; hanging baskets for a long time is not allowed to stop the air; after work basket must be placed in the ground, and cut off the power and lock box. Scaffolding on the Frost, snow, mud, and building waste time cleaning. Both ends of the scaffold to fasten to prevent probe Panel. Danger of overloading the scaffold: laying per square foot scaffold distributed load shall not exceed 270KN, piled up on the scaffold standard bricks of single side three storeys high. Wall removal of dangerous scaffolding; Sat down to rest on the guard rail danger; Set, dismantling scaffolding, Derrick (gantry) high, edges, vacant jobs, such as not wearing a seat belt at risk. Upper part of the ladder to fasten, antiskid measures are required in the lower part. Upper part of the ladder to hang, and lower banding. Ladder to fasten in the Middle, lower to have a non-slip steps, are not allowed to sit on it, riding moves. Altitude: personnel engaged in the Spider-man,ch zazen, budov a konstrukc, tanky a jin zsuvky prmyslov vody, krom ustanoven vodu tak, by mlo bt instalovno v oblasti s vodou k utsnn vrtu, uzavrac ventil, aby se zabrnilo velk mnostv holavch a vbunch materil do kanalizace. 9. pouit v holavch, vbunch plyn pojistn ventil a vtrac potrub, je nutn export trubice je umstn mimo a vy ne 2 metry nad budovou. (B) pouvn ohn, ohe (viz systm sprvy prce) (c) porn zazen a organizac 1. realizace prevence prvn a integrovan prevence ohe politiku, pijmout modern technologie poru a vbuchu prevence a pomoci, provdn zen podle cl. 2. zzen veden spolenosti a vedouc jednotlivch oddlen Porn bezpenost vboru, workshop zaloena porn ochrany, vedouc skupiny a nastavit dobrovolnch hasi. 3. spolenost tvaru ochrany spotebitele na pln vazek hasii, hasii formulovat pln protiporn prevence a akn pln, provdn zen podle cl, pravideln proveden publicitu porn prevence a vzdlvn a kolen, v kombinaci s oekvan porn cvien. 4. soubor stacionrn ohn uvnit spolenosti zazen, protiporn zazen mus bt v Sprva slueb, rozvoj provozn postupy a systmy zen. 5. porn zazen na serveru nastavit jasn, pstup k pohodln a bezpen msto, pravideln kontroly drby, ti (to je, pevn, fixn typ a mnostv, podle odbornk), a nem nikdo nenapadal, pachatel dle systmu ke zpracovn. 6. vechny holav a vbun ltky ve spolenosti a potenciln ped porem a vbuchem nebezpen vroby, skladovn, prodej a pouvn procesu a jeho souvisejc vybaven, psn zen. 7. kdy je ohe, pole tby okamit uspodejte do boje s ohnm, a ohledn vroby, plnovn, alarmy a ohn a adresu urit sti ohn a pinastreamlining. Four are standard visits, except as required to participate in training, no other activity. Five is to improve news reporting, for propaganda work strictly according to the regulations. Six is strictly your presentation published strictly according to the regulations. Seven is strictly thrift, required the use of vehicles and office space and corporate hospitality. 3, change the style. Propaganda and ideological work of the new situation and new requirements of the new tasks, had done a lot of fruitful work, has made many achievements, but further closer to the grass roots, close to reality, close to the masses and also inadequate innovation must continue to improve. Second, the four winds some outstanding issues 1, oppose formalism. One theory is that he didnt, with less close contact. Theoretical study of consciousness is not high enough, system performance is not strong enough; more passive learning, active learning few generalities and learn more, delving into less. Especially based on rational thinking on major issues, applying theory to guide the work done is not good enough, not really understand and grasp the spirit and essence of the scientific Outlook on development, did not truly achieve mastery, to apply, to a certain