全新版大学英语笔记unit4_book2.docVIP

U4 Book21. (标题) virtual: adj. 1) created and existing only in a computer *I can visit a virtual store and put what I want in my basket at the click of a mouse button. *Some people spend too much time escaping from reality into the virtual world conjured up on their computer screens.2) almost what is stated; in fact though not in name *The officials hear this kind of talk in virtual silence.*国王处处都受王后的影响，以至于王后成了国家实际上的统治者。(=The king was so much under the influence of his wife that she was the virtual ruler of the country.)2. (L. 2) interpret: v. 1) understand (sth. said, ordered, or done) *The gift is generally interpreted as a bribe. *She made a gesture, which he chose to interpret as an invitation.2) give or provide the meaning of, explain 诗有助于阐述人生的意义。(=Poetry helps to interpret life.) *The evidence is difficult to interpret.3) translate what is said in one language into another(=No one in the tour group spoke Spanish so we had to ask the guide to interpret.)3. (L. 5) stretch: v. (cause to) become longer, wider, etc. without breaking*My wool coat stretched when I washed it. *The child stretched the rubber band to its full extent. *你已经使我忍无可忍了。(=You are stretching my patience to limit.)4. (L. 8) submit: vt.1) give (sth.) to sb. so that it may be formally considered *I am going to submit an application for that job in Microsoft. *Peter submitted his application to the local government.2) yield (oneself); agree to obey *Should a wife submit herself to her husband? *We should submit ourselves to discipline.Collocation:submit oneself to 甘受, 服从submit to 服从于；把提交给submit willingly 心悦诚服5. (L. 9) edit: vt. revise or correct*Scholars often edit Shakespeares plays.(=John didnt finish editing the annual report until the end of last month.)6. (L. 9) communicate: 1. vi. contact sb. in any way, eap. by speaking to them, writing to them or calling them (followed by with)*We can communicate with people in most parts of the world by telephone. *年轻人有时抱怨无法与父母沟通思想。 (=Young people sometimes complain of not being able to communicate with their parents.)2. vt. make (news, opinions, feelings, etc.) known *The radio stations communicate the storm warnings to the islanders. *She communicated her ideas to her subordinates.7. (L. 13) at times: sometimes*At times, I feel that I want to leave this job.8. (L. 18) take in:1) receive, admit2) include3) make (clothes) narrower4) understand5) deceive6) see at a glance; see at once (Directions:) Match the above definitions with the sentences below. 1. The dress was too big, so I took it in. (=3)2. I didnt take in what you were saying. (=4)3. She took in every details of the other womans clothes. (=6)4. Do you mean we should get rid of the stale and take in the fresh? (=1)5. Dont be taken in by her promises (=5)6. This is the total cost of the trip, taking in everything. (=2)Collocation:take after 仿效，跟随；相象，在相貌、脾气或性格上相似take apart 拆开take back 收回（所说的或所写的事）take down拿下，放下take for 把视作；误认为take off 脱掉（衣服等）；起飞take on 从事；开始对付：take out 取出；弄走take over 接管take up 举起；再次开始9. (L. 18) spit: vt. send (liquid, food, etc.) out from the mouth (used in the pattern: spit sth.(out) (at/on/onto sb./sth.)*Hes very ill and spitting (up) blood.*The baby spat its food out on the table.*他气呼呼地作了答复。(=He angrily spat out her answer.)10. (L. 19) symptom: n.1) sign of the existence of sth. bad *The Government must not ignore these symptoms of discontent among their own supporters.(=High interest rates are a symptom of a weak economy.)2) change in the body that indicates an illness*A cold, fever and headache are the usual symptoms of flu. *持续地咳嗽可能是非典型性肺炎的症状。 (=A persistent cough may be a symptom of atypical pneumonia.)11. (L. 21) nightmare: n. a terrible dream *Driving through that snowstorm was a nightmare.*I had a nightmare about falling off the skyscraper.12. (L. 26) conversely: adv. in a way that is opposite to sth.*$1 will buy 100 yen worth of Japanese goods. Conversely, 100 yen will buy $1 worth of American goods.*You can add the fluid to the powder or, conversely, the powder to the fluid.13. (L. 33) but then: yet at the same time *The failure of Chinas soccer team looks inevitable. But then, anything can happen in football.*这个马戏团并不出色，不过观众的要求也并不高。(=The circus was not a very good one, but then, the audience was not demanding.)14. (L. 33) jar: v. have a harsh or an unpleasant effect (used in the pattern: jar sth., jar on sb./sth.)*The fall jarred every bone in my body. (=The way he laughs jars on me.)15. (L. 34) suck in: (usu. passive) involve (sb.) in an activity, an argument, etc., usu. against their will *Some teenagers dont want to get involved with gangs, but they find themselves getting sucked in.*我不想卷入有关学校改革的辩论。(=I dont want to get sucked into the debate about school reform.)16. (L. 34) keep up with: 1) learn about or be aware of ( the news, etc.) *Carrie likes to keep up with the latest fashions. *He didnt bother to keep up with the latest news. His only concern was to study.2) move at the same rate as *My salary doesnt keep up with inflation. *他请了位家庭教师，因为他的功课跟不上班上其他同学。 (=He hired a tutor because he wasnt able to keep up with the rest of the class.)17. (L. 39) in sight:1) visible *No vehicle is in sight. *哪儿也见不到他。 (=He is nowhere in sight.)2) likely to come soon (=Peace was in sight at last after four years of war.) *An immediate agreement is nowhere in sight.Collocation:lose sight of 看不见；失去联系；忘记；没有考虑到 out of sight 看不到，不被看到18. (L. 42) remark: 1. n. things said or written as a comment*He closed the discussion with the remark that “he who plays with fire gets burnt”. (=Mr. Smith approached us and made a couple of remarks about the weather.) 2. v. say, esp. something which one has just noticed; give as an opinion*A local newspaper remarked that inflation was not to be checked for the time being.*His fluency with the Chinese language was remarked upon by all his Chinese colleagues.CF: remark & comment这两个词都是名词，都有“谈论”、“评论”之意。remark 是常用词，指议论、评价，常含有一种随便的意味。例如： I should be pleased to have your remark. 我将很高兴听到你的意见。Her absence of hair could hardly escape remark. 她没有头发，免不了被人议论。comment 通常强调批判性的评述。例如： Some scathing comments were heard from visitors. 从来宾那听到了一些尖刻的批评。 It became a matter of cynical comment among the neighbors. 她成了邻居们冷嘲热讽的话题.19. (L. 46) emotional: adj. 1) of the emotions *She is grateful to him for his emotional support while she was in trouble. *Its quite difficult to handle emotional problems.2) having emotions that are easily excited. *Its said that the Italians are more emotional than we are. *他非常易动感情，我离开时他哭了(=He was very emotional; he cried when I left.)20. (L. 46) cue: n. anything that serves as a signal about what to do or say*When he started to talk about the finance, which was our cue to get up quietly and leave.*The time had come to say good night. At mothers cue, we all ascended.21. (L. 49) routine: n. fixed and regular way of doing things *These two babies have different daily routines.*请按常规办事。(=Please do it according to routine.)22. (L. 50) rely: vi. depend confidently on, put trust in*He can always be relied upon for help.*你放心好了，我会早到的。(=You may rely on my early arrival.)Collocation:rely on/upon 依靠; 信任, 信赖rely upon it 放心CF: rely, trust & depend 这些词都有“信任”、“相信”的意思。rely 指完全的信任。例如：You are the only woman I can rely on. 你是我唯一能指望的女人。He can be relied on to keep secret.相信他能保密。trust 常强调基于没有说服力的证据的信仰产生的信心。例如：We must try to trust one another. Stay and cooperate. 我们必须试图相互信任。留下来并且相互合作I dont think I could trust myself to speak to him about it. 我认为我不能对他谈论这件事。depend 意味着对另一个人的帮助或支持有信心。例如： It is foolhardy to depend on Middle Eastern countries for our oil supplies. 把我们的石油供应都依赖于中东国家是鲁莽的。It all depends on how you tackle the problem. 那要看你如何应付这问题而定。23. (L. 53) abuse:1. n. 1) wrong or excessive use*the abuse of power*alcohol abuse2) cruel treatment *The abuse of the helpless prisoner made him bitter. *human rights abuses2. vt. 1) put to wrong use; use badly*He abused his privileges in activities outside his official capacity.*他辜负了我对他的信任。(=He has abused my confidence in him.)2) do cruel things to (a person or animal) (=I wont allow you to abuse that dog.) *The arrested men have been physically abused.CF: abuse, misuse & mistreat 这些词都是动词，都有“不公正对待”、“伤害”或“滥用”之一。abuse 最普通，指各种故意的或非故意的、言语上的辱骂或行为上的伤害。例如： He was always abusing people when he was drunk. 他酒醉后总爱骂人。 The serf-owners had the right to beat, abuse or even kill the serfs at will. 农奴主有权任意打马甚至杀掉农奴。misuse 指不适当的使用，即“误用”、“滥用”，并不一定有目的性。例如： He misused the idiom. 他把这个成语用错了。 He misused his knife at the table by lifting food with it. 吃饭时他误用刀子拿食物。mistreat 多用于美国英语，表示苛刻或残暴对待。例如： The dogs owner mistreated him terribly. 这条狗遭到主人的虐待。 The magistrate administered a public thrashing to the landlord who had mistreated his brother. 法官对那虐待兄弟的地主施以公众鞭苔。24. (L. 54) restore: vt. bring back to a former condition (used in the pattern: restore sth.; restore sb. to sth.)*Winning three games restored their confidence.(=Doing sports every day restored the old man to good health.)25. (L. 55) arrange: vt. 1) prepare or plan *A marriage has been arranged between Mr. Brown and Miss White. *观光局为我们到罗马去的旅行筹备一切。 (=The Tourist Bureau arranged everything for our journey to Rome.)2) put in order*I arranged the books on the shelves. *Before going away, he arranged his business affairs.Collocation:arrange for 安排, 准备arrange with sb. about sth. 与某人商定某事26. (L. 56) flee: v. run away (from)*They all fled (from) the burning ship.(=He killed his enemy and fled the country.)27. (L. 57) interview: 1. n. 1) meeting at which a journalist asks sb. questions in order to find out their news *In an exclusive interview with our reporter, the film star revealed some of his personal affairs. *Radio interviews are generally more relaxed than television ones.2) formal meeting at which sb. applying for a job is asked questions, as a way of judging how suitable they are *I have been asked to go for an interview for a project I applied for at Harvard University. *She has had a couple of job interviews, but no offers.2. vt. ask questions of (somebody) in an interview*As a journalist, he interviewed many government officials.*I will be interviewed next week for the chief Executives job.Collocation:give an interview to sb. 接见某人have an interview with sb. 会见某人job interviews （对申请工作者的)口头审查28. (L. 58) appointment: n.1) agreement to meet or visit sb. at a particular time (followed by with) *You cant see the president of the university unless you make an appointment. *我已约定下午三时去看牙医。(=I have an appointment with my dentist at 3pm.)2) choosing of someone for a position or job* John took the appointment as director.Supplementary Reading . Culture NotesAdvantages and Disadvantages of Internet(Directions:) You are required to read the words while listening to the following passage and then have a dialogue about the pros and cons of Internet.Ten years ago, the term internet was practically anonymous to most of the people. And today internet has become the most ever powerful tool for man throughout the world. However, like every single innovation in science and technology, internet has its own advantages and disadvantages. AdvantagesCommunication: The foremost target of internet has always been the communication. By the advent of the Internet, our earth has reduced and has attained the form of a global village. Nowadays, with the help of email, MSN, Skype and other services, it has become very easy to establish a kind of global friendship where you can share your thoughts and explore other cultures of different nations.InformationEasy access to information is probably the biggest advantage internet is offering. Any kind of information on any topic under the sun is available on the Internet. The search engines like Google, yahoo are at your service on the Internet. You can almost find any type of data on almost any kind of subject that you are looking for. Students and children are among the top users who surf the Internet for research. Today, it is almost required that students should use the Internet for research for the purpose of gathering resources. Teachers have started giving assignments that require research on the Internet. EntertainmentEasy access to entertainment is another popular reason why many people prefer to surf the Internet. People can Download games, visit chat rooms or just surf the Web for fun. There are numerous games that may be downloaded from the Internet for free. Chat rooms are popular because users can meet new and interesting people. When people surf the Web, there are numerous things that can be found. Music, hobbies, news and more can be found and shared on the Internet.ServicesMany services are now provided on the internet such as online banking, job seeking, purchasing tickets for your favorite movies, hotel reservations, guidance services on topics engulfing every aspect of life. Often these services are not available off-line and can cost you more.DisadvantagesTheft of Personal informationIf you use the Internet, you may be facing grave danger as your personal information such as name, address, credit card number etc. can be accessed by hackers, or even cyber criminals to make your problems worse.SpammingSpamming refers to sending unwanted e-mails in bulk, which needlessly obstruct the entire system. Such illegal activities can be very damaging, so instead of just ignoring it, you should make an effort to try and stop these activities so that using the Internet can become that much safer. Virus threatVirus is nothing but a program which disrupts the normal functioning of your computer systems. Computers attached to internet are more prone to virus attacks and they can end up into crashing your whole hard disk, causing you considerable headache.PornographyThis is perhaps the biggest threat related to your childrens healthy mental life. There are thousands of pornographic sites on the Internet that can be easily found and can be a harmful factor to letting children use the Internet. Language Study1.（Para. 1）It is the sound of the only lasting disagreement in a household that is otherwise peaceful. Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=这是一个原本安宁的家庭中唯一挥之不去的不和谐音。)2.（Para. 1）household: n. all the people living together in a house* American swimmer Michael Phelps has become a household name across the world after breaking the Olympic record for most gold medals in a single Games.在美国拥有汽车是很普遍的，大多数家庭拥有一辆或一辆以上的私人汽车。(=Automobile ownership in the United States is widespread, with most households owning one or more private auto. )3.（Para. 1）be hooked on: be very keen on and absorbed in* The Outdoors Magazine describes close-to-home destinations for those hooked on outdoor adventures. 新的研究发现那些试着抽烟的孩子在生理上迷上烟草的速度比人们想象得要快。(=A new study finds that children who experiment with cigarettes can become physically hooked on tobacco faster than people think.)4.（Para. 2）on top of: in addition to* The last few years were rough. Heart surgery, stomach cancer, and on top of that he lost everything when his house burned down. 他除了向我借了50英镑外, 还向我借汽车。(=On top of borrowing 50, he asked me to lend him my car.)5.（Para. 2） intense: adj. serious and concentrated* Members of the United Nations Security Council were holding an intense dialogue on the lifting of economic sanctions on Iraq.随着伊拉克战争的加速，美军医疗人员正在接受紧张的训练。(=As the war in Iraq stepped up, the U.S. Army medics were receiving intense training.)6.（Para. 3）worldwide: 1. adj. around the worldThis travel agency offers worldwide booking of airlines, hotels, cars, cruises, and vacations. 全球个人电脑市场依然强劲，2004年第四季度的增长率为13.7。(=The worldwide PC market remained strong in the fourth quarter of 2004 with a growth rate of 13.7%.)2. adv.Their products are selling well worldwide.她以顾问的身份在世界各地旅游。(=she travels worldwide as a consultant.)7.（Para. 3）It leads to intimacy before acquaintance; it scatters secrets outwards, not inwards; and, most worrying of all, it is a vehicle for liars. Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=它使人们还未相识就已亲近；它不能保守秘密反而扩散秘密；而最令人担心的是，它是撒谎人传播谎言的工具。)8.（Para. 3）scatter: vt. throw in different direction* The book is a collection of my musings and scattered thoughts.他把妻子的骨灰撒在自己家的农场中。 (=He scattered his wifes ashes at the family farm. )9.（Para. 3）outwards: adv. toward the outside* Most peoples properties can be expanded either outwards or upwards, so you dont have to think about moving to a more expensive house to have an extra room or two.现在，很多大学都希望从校外得到新的资金来源。(=Universities nowadays look outwards for new sources of financing. )10.（Para. 3）vehicle: n. means by which thoughts, feelings, people, or goods can be conveyed* Use this guide to choose the cleanest and most fuel-efficient vehicle that meets your needs. 在欧洲，文化遗产被公认为一种文化特性的载体。(=Cultural heritage is widely recognized across Europe as a vehicle of cultural identity.)11.（Para. 5）overnight: