现代大学英语3 教案.doc

Lesson One Your College Years Oral PracticeI. Warm-up QuestionsAs a sophomore, what is your general impression of college? many opportunities for one to explore the unknown experiencing a lot making lifelong friends enjoying various kinds of activities developing ones personal interests meeting outstanding scholars keeping a good balance and laying a solid foundation the golden time in ones lifeHave you experienced anything different from your middle school life? being far away from home living with others becoming independent taking care of oneself handling ones own finance making ones own decisions changes are occurringWhats your purpose of receiving a college education? to get and keep a good job to earn more money to get a good start in life to fully develop oneself to contribute more to the society a sound investment that is worth every penny Have you had any psychological problems ever since you entered college? loneliness confusion frustration jealousy a sense of inferiority feeling pressure psychological problems abound on campusII. Myths and Facts Regarding College Experience College years are times of significant transition and challenge for an individual. Transition simply means change. Higher levels of anxiety are always experienced by people who are in a state of transition regardless of whether the change is perceived as good or bad. The following are some of the myths vs. the facts regarding college experience.Myth 1: College years are the best years of ones life.Fact 1: While college years are memorable and enjoyable, they can also be among the most stressful and anxious times. One is faced with constant evaluation from his professors. Personal and parental expectations are always on his mind. Financial stress is often a way of life. Career decisions, various relationships and the move toward independence are also common issues. Making these the best years of ones life involves developing an approach that is proactive and includes a support network. Myth 2: Students experiencing stress or anxiety are unprepared to handle the rigors of college. Fact 2: College and university environments are designed to be challenging academically, personally and socially. Stress and anxiety, among other emotions, are natural by-products of the accelerated pace of learning and growth. It is not a matter of whether or not we experience these unpleasant feelings but rather, a matter of how we manage these emotions. Myth 3: A good student does not need assistance during his/her college experience. Fact 3: Many students come to college with the belief that to ask for help is a sure sign of inadequacy. In fact, nothing could be farther from the truth. Your college or university has an abundance of resources available to you, for which you are paying through tuition or fees. So become familiar with and make use of the campus resources, especially when you need assistance. Myth 4: I am the only one that doesnt have it all. Fact 4: As you walk on campus and observe other students, it appears that everyone else is so sure of himself. Everyone else has friends. Everyone else has direction. Everyone else is confident. Everyone else is without troubles or hassles. This misperception is common among college students. It has its roots in one of our more powerful social norms. We all wear a “public mask” to protect a certain social image. This “public mask” communicates a sense of self-assuredness to those with whom we come in contact. It often belies the inner turmoil that we all experience from time to time. The above are just some of the myths versus facts concerning college experiences. Can you think of any other myths? Have a discussion with your classmates about their truths. III. On Seasons in CollegeThere are four seasons in a year, which make the days distinctive and exiting. Metaphorically, there are four seasons in ones college years representing different aspects of college life, which make the days rewarding and unforgettable.Do you agree? If so, what do you think the four seasons represent ? Share your opinions, please.Spring is the season for nature to revive, to grow and to get ready to boom. Similarly, in college, spring is the season for you to acquire knowledge, to develop yourself and to lay a solid foundation for the future. Its the season of growth.Summer is the season for flowers to bloom, and its the season for you to enjoy the greatest passion in nature love, love from your classmates, from your teachers and from your romance.It is the season of affection.Autumn is a season of harvest in college. Its the season for you to enjoy what you have achieved.Winter is the harshest season of the four, which presents so many difficulties and hardships. Likewise, not every day in college is full of joy. You have to meet new faces, get adjusted, make decisions for yourself, be financially and psychologically dependent, etc. So winter is the season of change. Unpleasant as it may seem to some students, it is simply inescapable and beneficial to ones growth and maturity. Background informationI. Author Bob Hartman was born in Pittsburgh, the United States, and moved to England in the summer of 2000. He has been working as a storyteller for children for more than a decade and is a part-time pastor.II. Erik H. EricksonErik H. Erikson (19021994), was a German-born American psychoanalyst whose writings on social psychology, individual identity, and the interactions of psychology with history, politics, and culture influenced professional approaches to psychosocial problems and attracted much popular interest. He was most famous for his work on refining and expanding Freuds theory of developmental stages.III. Ericksons Theory of Developmental Stages Basic Theory:Babies are born with some basic capabilities and distinct temperaments. But they go through dramatic changes on the way to adulthood and old age. According to psychologist Erik H. Erikson, each individual passes through eight developmental stages. Each developmental stage is characterized by a different psychological crisis, which must be resolved by the individual before the individual can move on to the next stage. If the person copes with a particular crisis in a maladaptive manner, the outcome will be more struggles with that issue later in life. To Erikson, the sequence of the stages are set by nature. It is within the set limits that nurture works its ways.Stage 1: Infant Trust vs. MistrustNeeds maximum comfort with minimal uncertainty to trust himself/herself, others, and the environment.Stage 2: Toddler Autonomy vs. Shame and DoubtWorks to master physical environment while maintaining self-esteem.Stage 3: Preschooler Initiative vs. GuiltBegins to initiate, not imitate, activities; develops conscience and sexual identity.Stage 4: School-age Child Industry vs. InferiorityTries to develop a sense of self-worth by refining skills.Stage 5: Adolescent Identity vs. Role ConfusionTries integrating many roles (child, sibling, student, athlete, worker) into a self-image under role model and peer pressure. Stage 6: Young Adult Intimacy vs. IsolationLearns to make personal commitment to another as spouse, parent or partner.Stage 7: Middle-Age Adult Generativity vs. StagnationSeeks satisfaction through productivity in career, family, and civic interests.Stage 8: Older Adult Integrity vs. DespairReviews life accomplishments, deals with loss and prepares for death. Language Points:This is a text about what students will experience in their college years. It is addressed to college students in the United States. But with some modifications, what the author says here will also make perfect sense to our students. It is particularly appropriate now as we are just beginning the second academic year, which is considered by many the most important in our college life, because with our first years experience we are in a better position to understand the issues involved and the ways to deal with them effectively.College life is both an exciting and frustrating experience. First of all, to go to a university usually means to go to a new place far away from home and live among strangers. It means that we are on our own, independent. It means that we are no longer our mothers baby. It means that instead of being taken care of, we now have to take care of ourselves and even learn to take care of others. It means that from now on we have to handle our own finances, choose our own wardrobes and determine our own agenda. In short we have to face many what the author calls developmental changes and make many important adjustments and decisions, decisions that will concern our education and career, and values and social responsibilities.It is clear that young adulthood is an extremely important period in our life. After all we are young only once. However, we must take a warning from Bernard Shaw who says,Youth is often wasted in the young. We cannot take for granted that we young people automatically know how to deal with all those problems. To make our college experience meaningful and rewarding, we must learn to handle what the author calls the identity crises, to find out who we are, what are our strong points and weaknesses, what we should do and where we should go. Of course we must learn to be independent or self-reliant psychologically as well as in other matters. But to be independent does not mean to be isolated. It simply means that we have to relate to our family, our teachers, our school, the people around us and the society as a whole in a new, more mature way. It means that we have to learn new knowledge, develop new ideas, form new habits, adopt new attitudes, and cultivate new relationships. Not everyone knows how to handle their sudden independence or freedom. There are some who still find it scary. They are often at a loss because they can no longer get parental guidance for everything they do and they complain that the university professors do not seem to care very much what they do or do not do.There are also those who take their newly found independence to mean that they can do anything they want. They can go to class late or not at all. They can copy their exercises or term papers. They can learn to smoke. They can just enjoy life and muddle through the four years. These students do not realize that independence really means self-discipline and a strong sense of responsibility. To abuse their independence is actually an indication that they have remained in their childhood.There are other challenges too. Not everyone is happy with the progress they are making in their studies. Some may have serious difficulty keeping up with the class. They feel disappointed and discouraged. And this sometimes leads to serious consequences. Then there are also students who feel. that they have failed socially because they are not as popular as others. They cannot make friends easily. They therefore feel lonely and depressed. 1. It occurs to sb. that. It never occurred to me that wealth could ruin a persons life. It suddenly occurred to him that he had not touched any meat for months. Two other words often used in this pattern are strike and dawn: sth. dawns on sb./it dawns on sb. that 开始明白（某个事实），醒悟 (“dawn on” not in passive)It suddenly dawned on us that high savings rate may not be a good thing.It gradually began to dawn on the economists that the problem was not over-production, but under-consumption.The truth finally dawned on him.It dawned on me that Id left the oven on.It struck her that although she was now rich by her own standard, she was not really happy.2. From adolescence to young adulthood The term adolescence began as a Western concept, which means the period between childhood and adulthood. This passage to adulthood is often marked by a number of small changes in status during or near the end of adolescence. Graduation from high school, the right to vote, to drink liquor, and to drive a car are all events that, to some degree, signify adult status. But the main changes are psychological as well as physical. It is usually fraught with anxiety and conflict.3. During this time, students are going through an identity crisis . go through: experience; undergo; suffer 通过；经历；遭受He really believed that by saying those magic words he could go through walls without any trouble.I dont think this plan will go through the Security Council, (be accepted by)We have gone through all these arguments, (go over carefully from beginning to end)Its too late to back out. We just have to go through with it. (do it because you have promised or planned to do it, even though you are no longer sure you want to do it. )identity crisis: It refers to the difficulties, confusions and anxieties that you go through during adolescence when you are not sure who you really are and what your purpose in life is. 性格认同危机(弗洛伊德心理学用语，尤指在青年期发生的心理矛盾和混乱现象，既关心个人的社会作用，又难于认识或树立自己性格的同一性also: national identity; political identity; cultural identity; social identity, etc.)4. endeavor:n. (fml) 努力，尽力，尝试；（为达到某一目的而进行的）活动，事业 do ones endeavor 尽力去做 best endeavors最大努力please make every endeavor to come early.Despite our best endeavors, we couldnt get the machine started.Workers in every field of endeavorv. endeavor to do sth. e.g.How much he endeavored, the goal stayed unattained.We always endeavor to give our customers excellent service.5. to perceive: (not in continuous tenses) (1) to think of as 把看作,认为He perceived himself a loser who could not even support his family.He is perceived as a religious man.(2) to notice (sth. that is difficult to notice); to discover; to observe 察觉，注意到，发觉Musicians can perceive very small differences in sounds.That morning he perceived a change in Francs mood.He was only able to perceive light and color; he could not see properly.（3） to understand; to grasp 理解，领悟 Do you perceive what I mean?I gradually perceived that culture and language cannot really be separated. Perceivable (a.) Perception (n.)6. . identity is determined by genetic endowment (what is inherited from parents), shaped by environment, and influenced by chance events. who we are is determined by three things: First, our genes, or what our parents have given us, our legacy; second, environment, and third, luck or opportunities.chance events; Chance here is an adjective, meaning accidental. This chance meeting with the famous writer changed his whole life.This medicine is said to be a chance discovery.A chance visitor不速之客A chance meeting邂逅7. endow:vt. (1) 资助，捐赠；向捐钱(或物) e.g. endow a college/ endow sb. with sth.(2) give sb. sth. (正式)给予，赋予 e.g. be endowed with courageendow these words with new significance(3) 认为具有特质endowment (n.) 资助，捐赠；捐款，捐赠的财物；天赋，天资，才能 The college has a large endowmentMen of great endowments Endower (n.)Endowment assurance人寿保险，养老保险，储蓄保险Endowment policy人寿保险单，养老保险Endowment mortgage养老保险抵押（以人寿保险所得付买房借款）8. comparison between inherit and inherentinherit: vt. 继承，经遗传而得；接过，获得 inherit the family estatea son inherits his father.She inherits her blue eyes from her father.The new government inherits great many problems and among them a financial crisis.inherent: adj. 内在的，固有的，与生俱来的 Parents should be awakened to the inherent nature of their children.9. in turn:(1) as a result of sth. 因此，因而；转而，反过来 Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.Interest rates were cut, and in turn, share prices rose.(2) one after the other, especially in a particular order 轮流地，依次地 He asked each of us in turn to describe how alcohol had affected our lives.Well cross the bridge in turn.10. to be independent from/ofThese banks are now completely independent of (from) each other.11. It may be heightened by their choice to pursue a college education. If they choose to go to college to continue their education, they will face an even more serious struggle between the desire to be independent and the need to depend on the financial support of their parents. 12. freedom from an excessive need for approval, closeness, togetherness, and emotional support in relation to the mother and father. If somebody has an excessive need for approval, it means that he is too dependent on sbs approval. Children need their parents to tell them what to do or not to do. They also need to be close to their parents and receive encouragement, love, all kinds of emotional support which give them strength. But when they grow up, this should change. They should no longer have the same needs like babies.freedom (free) from sth: no longer having sth you do not want, 摆脱，免于 The most important freedom our people should have is the freedom from hunger.An ideal society is one free from exploitation and oppression.Within a month, the whole building is free from flies and mosquitoes.Note: We look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expressioneverywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own wayeverywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want. everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear. anywhere in the world. Franklin D. Roosevelt.13. Fourth is freedom from excessive guilt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility, inhibition, resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father. Children often feel very guilty in relation to their parents because they think they have done something wrong, and they are also anxious because they are eager to please their parents; they sometimes feel