英语中数学符号表达.doc

Pronunciation of Mathematical ExpressionsThe pronunciations of the most common mathematical expressions are given in the list below. In general, the shortest versions are preferred (unless greater precision is necessary).1、Logicthere Existsfor All / Anyp implies q / if p, then qp if and only if (iff) q / p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent2、Setsx belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of Ax does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of AA is contained in B / A is a subset of BA contains B / B is a subset of AA cap B / A meet B / A intersection BA cup B / A join B / A union BA minus B / the difference between A and BA cross B / the Cartesian product of A and B3、Real numbersx plus onex minus onex plus or minus onexy / x multiplied by yx minus y, x plus yx over y / x on ythe equals signx equals 5 / x is equal to 5x (is) not equal to 5x is equivalent to (or identical with) yx is not equivalent to (or identical with) yx is greater than yx is greater than or equal to yx is less than yx is less than or equal to yzero is less than x is less than 1zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1mod x / modulus x / absolute value of xx squared / x (raised) to the power 2x cubedx to the fourth / x to the power fourx to the nth / x to the power nx to the (power) minus n(square) root x / the square root of xcube root (of) xfourth root (of) xnth root (of) xx plus y all squaredx over y all squaredn factorialx hatx barx tildexi / x subscript i / x suffix / x sub xi / x superscript i / x superfix / x super the sum fromequals one to n ai / the sum as runs from 1 to n of the ai4、Linear algebrathe norm (or modulus) of xOA / vector OA OA / the length of the segment OAA transpose / the transpose of AA inverse / the inverse of A5、Functionsf x / f of x / the function f of xa function f from S to Tx maps to / x is sent (or mapped) to f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to xf doubleprime x / f doubledash x / the second derivative of f withrespect to xf tripleprime x / f tripledash x / the third derivative of f with respect to xf four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to xpartial F on partial x / partial differential F on xthe partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1the integral from zero to infinitythe limit as x approaches zerothe limit as x approaches zero from abovethe limit as x approaches zero from belowlog y to the base e/ log to the base e of y / natural log (of) ylog y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) yIndividual mathematicians often have their own way of pronouncing mathematical expressions and in many cases there is no generally accepted “correct” pronunciation.Distinctions made in writing are often not made explicit in speech; thus the sounds fx may be interpreted as any of: fx,The difference is usually made clear by the context; it is only when confusion may occur, or where he/she wishes to emphasize the point, that the mathematician will use the longer forms: f multiplied by x, the function f of x, subscript x, line FX, the length of the segment FX, vector FX.Similarly, a mathematician is unlikely to make any distinction in speech (except sometimes a difference in intonation or length of pauses) between pairs such as the following: and and and 6、其它数学符号和公式例子4/5four fifths / 4 on 50.025zero point zero two five 38.49thirty-eight point four nine2%two per centthe second power of five / five to the power twothe square root of xsix times the seventh power of tenplus ; positive-minus ; negativemultiplied by ; times; /divided by=is equal to ; equals( )round brackets ; parentheses (parenthesis)i; jimaginary unitfactorial asine of xarc sine of xthe product of the terms indicatedthe sum of the terms indicatedb primeb second primeb sub twob second prime sub mthe first derivative of y with respect to xthe second derivative of y with respect to xintegral between limits a and bx approaches to infi