高二英语-主语从句+宾语从句.doc

主语从句&宾语从句1、 名词性从句的分类：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句2、 主语从句（一）定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。（二）引导主语从句的关联词有三类：（1）从属连词that、whether。如：eg: That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 eg: Whether hell come here isnt clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 从属连词：that, whether等.that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。 If只能放在句中。造句：1、很明显他是个好人。2、他通过了考试让妈妈很高兴。3、天气是否会转晴还不确定。 （2）（特殊疑问词）连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 如： _watch was lost is unknown. _she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 _side will win is not clear. _comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 _wassaidhasleftusmuchtothink. 这里说的话都应当保密。造句：1、我们需要的是时间。2、谁将成为我们的班长还没有决定。3、哪本书更好还不知道。（3）（特殊疑问词）连接副词 where, when, how, why，wherever，whenever，however。 _ he did it remains a mystery.eg: When they will start is not known yet.eg: How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚 eg: Wherever you are is my home - my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家-我唯一的家。eg: However good you are is nonsense. 造句： 1、他是怎样成为一名老师的还不清楚。 2、你无论什么时候来都不重要。（三）it 作主语从句的形式主语1、主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It + be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如: eg: It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 造句：很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It + be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。如： eg: Its no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。 造句： 很遗憾我们不能去。 C. It + be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。如： It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. 据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。造句：据说格林先生已经到了北京。 D. It+ seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如：eg: It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。eg: It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。 E. It+ doesnt matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如： eg: It doesnt matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。 eg: It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开会毫无区别。 F. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如： eg: Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？ 2、注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义。 eg: Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 来的人将受到欢迎。 eg: Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正确的。 eg: Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖励。3、主语从句需注意的问题1）主语从句中用陈述语序eg: What she is afraid of is their taking her to Paris. 她害怕的是他们带她去巴黎。2）主语从句后谓语动词用第三人称单数eg: That they havent phoned is strange. 那些他们没有打电话的是陌生人。3）that引导的主语从句中，that不可被省略eg: That price will go up is certain.确定那价格会上涨。3、 宾语从句 （一）宾语从句的定义 宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语。作动词的宾语：eg: I heard that he would come here later on. 主语 谓语动词 一个句子作宾语作介词的宾语：He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词一个句子作介词的宾语 （二）宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法1、在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词：who, whose, what ,which副词：when ,where, how, why 等。连词：eg: He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year. 他告诉我他明年上大学. eg: I dont know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. eg: Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试.that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）2、可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。eg: The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.3、Attention：宾语从句的否定转移1）当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。eg: I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.2)主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect ,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. eg: I dont believe that man is killed by Jim, is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是? eg: We suppose you have finished the project, havent you? 3)如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式. eg: We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he? 我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？ 4)当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。 eg: Your sister supposes she needs no help, ? eg: You thought they could have completed the project, ? eg: They dont believe shes an engineer, ? eg: She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, ?练习题(1)I dont think he is right,_?Aisnt he Bis he Cdo I Ddont I(2). He believes she is right, _?Adoesnt he Bdoes he Cis she Disnt she(3).I thought that he disliked playing football,_?Adidnt he Bdid he Cdid I Ddidnt I(4). I find _ important that we practice English every day.A. it B. this C. that D. what(5). You cant imagine _when they received the nice gift.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited4、在以下情况中that不能省略1）当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。eg: I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better 2）当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。eg: Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. 3) 当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。eg: I cant tell him that his mother died. 5、当it作形式宾语时 例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。5、当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win，I believe6、当that作learn, suggest, explain, agree, wonder, prove, mean, state, feel, hold等动词的宾语时; 由whether, if 引导的宾语从句1、当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：eg: I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。2、但在下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if。在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether。如：eg: Let me know whether he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come） 让我知道他是否能来。eg: I dont know whether he does any washing or not （I dont know whether or not he does any washing） 我不知道他洗不洗衣服。eg: I wonder whether we stay or whether we go 我不知道我们是去还是留。在介词之后用whether。如：eg: Im interested in whether he likes English 我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。eg: Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time 我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。在不定式前用whether。如：eg: He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man 他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。eg: He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train 他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：eg: Whether this is true or not，I cant say 这是否真的我说不上来。引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：eg: Whether she will come or not is still a question 她是否能来还是个问题。若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：eg: Please let me know if you like the book=If you like the book，please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句1、if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”eg: The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny. 2、if引导否定概念的宾语从句时eg: He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday. 3、引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好像）时eg: He talks as if he has known all about it. 连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。连接代词：who, whom, whose, which, what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.eg: Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？eg: The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.eg: Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?连接副词有：when, where, why, how，在句中担任状语的成分。eg: He didnt tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. eg: Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗? eg: None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.四、课后练习题 （一）选择题1. Nowadays consumers become more and more practical and buy only _ they need. A. where B. which C. when D. what2. Shed like to offer money to _ needs it to continue his or her study.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever3. -If you are admitted to a key university, _ as a prize? - Im looking for a cell phone. A. What you expect your father will offer you B. Do you expect what your father will offer you C. What do you expect will your father offer you D. What do you expect your father will offer you4. Yesterday he sold out all his stamps at _ he thought was a reasonable price. A. that B. which C. what D. as5. Generally speaking, _ we have seen seems more believable than _ we have been told. A. what; that B. what; what C. that; what D. that; that6. After three days waiting, there was a little doubt in the mothers mind _ the police could find her lost child. A. how B. that C. where D. whether7. “Sustainable development” is a question _ we can continue developing the world without damaging the environment. A. why B. when C. that D. how8. Wed like to do _ we can _ the poor. A. how; help B. all; to help C. whatever; help D. however; to help9. My parents used _they had to get a new car for my brother. A. which B. all what C. whatD. 不填10. She was so angry at all _ he was doing _ she stayed up all night. A. that; that B. that; which C. what; that D. what; as11. After _ seemed ages, the newsman disclosed the facts. A. there B. which C. what D. that12. Our school is no longer _ it was 10 years ago, _ it was not well equipped.A. what; which B. that; which C. what; when D. that; where13. Our bad living habits will destroy the earth. Only by changing _we live can we save the earth. A. that B. what C. how D. where14. Thinking that you know _ in fact you dont is a serious mistakeA. what B. that C. when D. however15. Energy is _ makes things work. A. what B. everything C. something D. anything16. One of the men held the view _the book said was right. A. that what B. what that C. that D. whether17. I think that this meal was well worth _ was charged for it.A. that B. whatC. which D. how many18. Do you think the reason _ he gave is believable?A. for whichB. whichC. why D. what19. Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded _ other more well-informed experimenters failed.A. whichB. that C. whatD. where20. Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders_ will happen to her private life.A. it B. that C. what D. this21. The news has spread all over the country _ the spaceship succeeded in returning to the earth.A. that B. whichC. whether D. what22. You can choose _ book you like among these.A. no matter what B. whatever C. whose D. whichever23. Is this research center _ we visited the modern equipment last year?A. where B. that C. the one D. which24. Loulan city is not at all _a traveler who has never seen the desert before can expect.A. what B. that C .which D. where25. What the doctor is uncertain about is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why26. We should buy our daughter a computer in _ it can help to improve her English. A. which B. that C. what D. whom27. I wish to have a friend with _ shares my hobbies and interests. A. whomever B. no matter who C. whoever D. anyone28. Why dont you bring _ to his attention that you are too busy to do it. A. this B. what C. that D. it29. The task required _ did it _ careful and brave enough.A. who; is B. whom; wasC. whomever; were D. whoever; be30. We wrote a letter of thanks to _ had helped us.A. who B. those C. whom D. whoever（二）完形填空I grew up in a community called Estepona. I was 16 when one morning, Dad told me I could drive him into a 1 village called Mijas, on condition that I took the car in to be 2 at a nearby garage. I readily accepted. I drove Dad into Mijas, and 3 to pick him up at 4 pm, then dropped off the car at the 4 . With several hours to spare, l went to a theater. 5 , when the last movie finished, it was six. 1 was two hours late! I knew Dad would be angry if he 6 Id been watching movies. So I decided not to tell him the truth. When I 7 there I apologized for being late, and told him Id 8 as quickly as I could, but that the car had needed a major repairs. Ill never forget the 9 he gave me. “Im disappointed you 10 you have to lie to me, Jason.” Dad looked at me again. “When you didnt 11 , I called the garage to ask if there were any 12 , and they told me you hadnt yet picked up the car.” I felt 13 as I weakly told him the real reason. A 14 passed through Dad as he listened attentively. “Im angry with 15 . I realize Ive failed as a father. Im going to walk home now and think seriously about 16 Ive gone wrong all these years.” “But Dad, its 18 miles!” My protests and apologies were 17 . Dad walked home that day. I drove behind him, 18 him all the way, but he walked silently. Seeing Dad in so much 19 and emotional pain was my most painful experience. However, it was 20 the most successful lesson. I have never lied since. 1. A. lonely B. small C. distant D. familiar 2. A. kept B. washed C. watched D. serviced 3. A. agreed B. planned C. determined D. promised 4. A. village B. community C. garage D. theater 5. A. However B. Then C. Therefore D. Still 6. A. realized B. found out C. thought D. figured out 7. A. went B. ran C. walked D. hurried 8. A. started B. left C. arrived D. come 9. A. word B. face C. look D. appearance 10. A. find B. decide C. believe D. feel 11. A. turn up B. drive out C. go away D. come out 12. A. questions B. problems C. mistakes D. faults 13. A. ashamed B. frightened C. nervous D. surprised 14. A. nervousness B. sadness C. silence D. thought 15. A. you B. myself C. me D. yourself 16. A. where B. how C. why D. when 17. A. meaningless B. useless C. helpless D. worthless 18. A. asking B. persuading C. begging D. following 19. A. physical B. practical C. personal D. natural 20. A. indeed B. always C. also D. almost （三）阅读理解Fear plays no part in this latest problem“Im not afraid Ill lose my childrenI wont lose my children. We live together, and nothing, nothing,” she repeats, her voice rising when speaking to Johns lawyer, “will stop me from being with my children. A law? Year, right. Dont disturb me when it comes to my children. You are never going to win. If John wants to see them, I cannot stop him. Hes their fatherI want them to see him! However, his visit in his present condition will disturb the childrens stable (稳定的) life” John, who has spent much of his time in California recently, has only hired a house for himself in Pennsylvania, according to his lawyer. If hed like to stick to a regular life, Id be more than happy to do that， Jane says. The best thing for any child of a divorced (离婚的) parent is a stable life. I want nothing more than for him to set up a stable life for himself, so that he can be part of making our childrens lives more stable. While matters of money and care wont be settled for weeks, Jane hardly puts her life on hold. Last week the ABC network announced that Jane would return with her own show, Twist of Jane, in which she gives advice to other momsJane and her eight children will also return to ABC in a series of Jane Plus 8 specials showing them on various adventuresIts a rest for Janewho insists that she needs her new，busy life to provide for her family“I have to lead such a lifeand Im thankful that Ive built it to the top where now I can support my children”she says And whether a bellicose(好斗的)dance judge or a bellicose former wife，Jane plans to keep 0n facing attacks on her “Some people try to knock me downonly to make me more fierce，more protective，more determined to do better，”she says“Go ahead，take me onThis will just make me stronger”1. According to Jane in the fi