新编英语教程第三版BOOK 2 Unit 8.ppt

LanguageStructure Readthefollowingsentencesandpayattentiontothegrammarrulestheyuse Youeatvegetablesateverymealsothatyou llhaveenoughvitaminC Therefrigeratorissoheavythatyoucan tmoveittotheotherendoftheroom Nomatterhowpainfulitis Icanstandit Icanstanditevenifitisverypainful ItwasmuchworsethanIhadeverimagined Themoreoftenhepractises thebetterhecanspeakEnglish 1 Youeatvegetablesateverymealsothatyou llhaveenoughvitaminC adverbialclauseofpurposeintroducedbysothatNotes 目的状语从句中动词一般前要用may can might could should would等情态动词 表示某种可能性 是主观意念 2 如果主从句主语一致 可用soasto和inorderto替换 e g Shewentdowntowninorderthatshecouldbuysomeclothes Shewentdowntowninordertobuysomeclothes 3 sothat也可以引导结果状语从句e g ItookanearlybussothatIgotthereintime Theroomwaspackedwithpeople sothatwecouldn tgetin Use sothat convertfollowingsentences 1 Hedoesn twanttobelateforwork andsohesetshisalarmforsix Hesetshisalarmforsixsothathewillnotbelateforwork 2 Dr Liuwantstokeepupwiththelatestdevelopmentinmedicine Hethereforereadsmedicaljournals Dr Liureadsmedicaljournalssothathecankeepupwiththelatestdevelopmentinmedicine 3 Hewantedustoforwardhisletterstohim Heleftushisnewaddress Heleftushisnewaddresssothatwecouldforwardhisletterstohim 2 Therefrigeratorissoheavythatyoucan tmoveittotheotherendoftheroom adverbialclauseofresultintroducedbyso that Notes 1 so adj adv 形容词或副词 that 也可以用such 名词短语 that引导结果状语从句e g Hemadesuchaninspiringspeechthateverybodygotexcited 2 so that只能引导结果状语从句 3 so that not canbeexpressedby too to structure e g Therefrigeratoristooheavyforyoutomove 4 so that canbeexpressedbyadjective enough infinitivestructure e g Themoralofthestoryissoclearthateverybodycanseeit Themoralofthestoryisclearenoughforeverybodytosee 3 Nomatterhowpainfulitis Icanstandit Icanstanditevenifitisverypainful adverbialclauseofconcessionintroducedbynomatter wh word evenifNotes 1 让步状语从句中 nomatter wh wh ever 可作主语从句 e g Nomatterwhat whatever happens weshallneverlosehope 2 引导让步状语从句最常用的四个词是though although evenif和eventhough 前两者语气较弱 后两者较强 4 ItwasmuchworsethanIhadeverimagined adverbialclauseofcomparisonintroducedbythanNotes 1 Itsbasicformis thecomparativedegreeofadj adv than clause 2 Thecomparisonhereismadeaccordingtoaperson sviews ratherthanbetweentwodifferentsubjectsdoingthesamething e g YoudidbetterintheclassthanIhadthought 5 Themoreoftenhepractices thebetterhecanspeakEnglish adverbialclauseofcomparisoninthemore themore pattern Notes 1 Themeaningis Ifhepractices moreoften he llspeak better 2 Generallyspeaking thefirstclauseisthesubordinateclauseandthesecondoneisthemainclause 3 Thisconstructioncanbeelliptical e g Thesooner thebetter Themore thebetter A Whydoyoueatvegetablesateverymeal B BecauseIwanttohaveenoughvitaminC A Isee Youeatvegetablesateverymealsothatyou llhaveenoughvitaminC B That sright LanguageStructure Practice1 Statingapurpose A Canyoumovetherefrigeratortotheotherendoftheroom B No I mafraidnot It stooheavyformetomove A Doyoumeantherefrigeratorissoheavythatyoucan tmoveit B Yes I mafraidso LanguageStructure Practice2 A Expressinginability Statingalogicalconclusion A Idon tsupposeyoucanfinishreadingthearticleintenminutes B Well IthinkIcan It seasyenoughformetodoso A Isitsoeasythatyoucandoitintenminutes B Ofcourse LanguageStructure Practice2 B Expressingadequacy Statingalogicalconclusion A Youthinkyoucanstandthisinjection B Ohyes Ithinkso A It sverypainful youknow B It sallright Nomatterhowpainfulitis Icanstandit Icanstanditevenifit sverypainful Practice3 Expressingconcession LanguageStructure A TheEnglishconversationtapewelistenedtoyesterdaywasawful I veneverlistenedtoanythingmoreindistinct B Iagree ItwasmuchworsethanIhadeverimagined A Iwonderifthere sanythingclearerthanthat B Thereisboundtobesomethingbetter Practice4 Expressingagreement doubtandcertainty LanguageStructure A DoeshepractisespeakingEnglishoften B No Idon tthinkso A Well ifhewishestospeakitwell hemustpractiseasoftenaspossible B That strue I lltellhimthatthemoreoftenhepractisesspeakingEnglish thebetterhewillspeakit Practice5 Makinganassumption Expressingagreement LanguageStructure Stagefright Definition performance relatedanxietySymptoms Sweatypalms poundingheart facialnervetics 抽搐 痉挛 shakinglegs drythroat HowtoAvoidStageFright Practiceasmuchaspossible Watchyourownperformance Recordyourself Relaxyourbody Getsomeexercise Avoidcaffeine Laughasmuchasyoucan Getthereearly Talktomembersintheaudience Imagineyourfavoritepersonintheaudience Makeyourspeechinteresting Slowdown Movearound butdon tfidget Dialogue Questions Browsethroughthetext trytoanswerfollowingquestions StageFright 1 Whatkindofsymptomsdopeoplewithstagefrighthave 2 Isfearagoodthing Why 3 Howdoesrepeatedpracticehelpbuildupthespeaker sself confidence 4 Whatshouldwedoifourmindgoesblankwhenspeakinginfrontofpeople 5 Whatkindofroledoeseyecontactplayinpublicspeaking Dialogue 1 turntail runaway flee逃跑e g 他们一看见我们来了 掉头就跑 Assoonastheysawuscoming theyturnedtailandran 2 tremble shakeslightlybecauseyouarefrightenedorcold颤抖 战栗Gilwaswhiteandtremblingwithanger 吉尔脸色发白 气得直发抖 StageFright Dialogue 3 drenched madecompletelywetdrench v pletelywetTheyweregettingdrenchedbyicywater 4 symptom thesignofanillness症状 征兆5 shiftoutof tochange gear inavehicle 换挡Hereitmeans tochangeormovefromonepositionordirectiontoanother ortobemoreexact moveawayfromfear StageFright Dialogue 6 underestimate tomaketoolowanestimateof sb sth 低估Theprefixunder isoftenputbeforeanadjectiveoranverbtomean notenough e g underdeveloped underachieve andundernourishedItcanalsobeputbeforeanountomean below or lowerinrankorsubordinate e g underwear underworld undersecretary undergraduate StageFright Dialogue 7 sharp sightedadj sharp 1 锋利的 锐利的asharpknife2 quicktonotice hear understand orreacttothings 人 敏锐的 灵敏的 机灵的Gatesisknowntobeasuperbanalystwithasharpeyeandanexcellentmemory sharp sighted sharp eyed 眼光锐利的 精明的clear sighted有见识的 有决断力的farsighted longsighted远视的 有远见的short sighted近视的 目光短浅的 StageFright Dialogue 8 ifonlyvs onlyififonly表示 但愿 要是 该多好啊 后接虚拟语气 IfonlyIwereaboy IwishIwereaboy IfonlyIhadnotcomehomealone IfonlyIcouldseeyoutomorrow onlyif 只有当 如果用于句首 主句主谓倒装 Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings OnlyifthealarmclockringsdoIwakeup StageFright Dialogue 9 spitout sayopenlyandwithoutdelaywhatoneisthinking爽快地说出来10 tothepointthat appositiveclauseAfterrunning IgetveryhungrytothepointthatIcouldeatadoublemeal 11 standstill 站着不动 停滞不前别动 我给你照像呢 StageFright Dialogue 12 rackone sbrain s tryveryhardtothinkofsth orrecallsth 绞尽脑汁 开动脑筋13 backup n sb orsth thatprovidessupportorhelp支持 后援要完成这项工程我们需要一些专业人员的支持 Wearegoingtoneedsomeprofessionalbackupforthisproject 14 prompting assisting sb actingorreciting bysuggestingthenextwordsofsomethingforgottenorimperfectlylearned提示 StageFright Dialogue 15 equalto beequalto bethesameas等同于16 air thegeneralcharacterorappearanceof orfeelingcausedbyapersonbyaplace外表 样子 态度 风度 气氛会议弥漫着一种激动的氛围 Therewasanairofexcitementatthemeeting StageFright 关于猴子的心理实验两只猴子同时关在笼子里 一只被捆住了 不能动 一只可以在笼子里活动 实验不间断的进行 有一只猴子先死了 思考 哪一只猴子先死了 实验结果 能够活动的猴子先死去了被捆住的猴子毫无办法 只好听天由命 可以活动的猴子在整个实验过程中 时刻处于紧张 焦虑 恐惧中 这些都是消极的情绪状态 对生物机体有重大的影响 心平气和 悲伤 美国生理学家艾尔马 情绪生理实验 将人在不同情绪状态下呼出的气体收集在玻璃试管中 冷却后变成水发现 猜一猜 在愤怒 生气状态下呼出的气体冷却成水后 将其注射到大白鼠身上 将会发生么 结果 几分钟后大白鼠死亡 人在生气时的生理反应非常剧烈 同时会分泌出许多有毒性的物质 消极情绪长期存在 生理变化不能复原时 情绪压力就会损伤健康 StressandHealth ReadingI Stressisanaturalpartofeverydaylifeandthereisnowaytoavoidit Whatcausesstress study Huntforajob Exam Lookforagirl boyfriend 压力对人生理的影响 1 心率加快 血压增高2 肾上腺激素和去甲肾上腺激素分泌增加3 肠胃失调 溃疡4 易意外受伤5 身体疲劳6 死亡7 心脏疾病8 呼吸问题9 出汗量增加10 皮肤功能失调11 头痛12 癌症13 肌肉紧张14 睡眠障碍 严重的压力是猝死最潜在的危险因素 2004年4月8日晚 54岁的爱立信中国总裁杨迈在健身房因心脏骤停突然死亡2004年4月19日的凌晨 60岁的麦当劳公司首席执行官吉姆 坎塔卢波因心脏病突发猝死 在压力阶段 血流中的胆固醇水平升高 长期的压力削弱免疫系统功能 导致对疾病的易感性 包括 癌症 压力引起消化功能紊乱 胃病 消化不良 便秘等 溃疡 间歇痉挛以及类似肠胃疾病都直接与因压力荷尔蒙皮质醇引起的酸度的提高有关 压力引起神经紧张和肌张力增强 肌肉疼痛 僵硬 头疼也是与压力有关的症状 压力使中枢神经兴奋性增强 生物节律被打乱 失眠 多梦 早醒 压力对人心理的影响 1 焦虑 紧张 困惑和急噪 2 疲劳感 生气 憎恶 3 情绪敏感和反应过敏 4 压抑 抑郁 5 沟通效果变差 6 退缩和忧郁 7 孤独感和疏远感 8 烦躁 不满 9 精神疲劳和工作能力低下 10 注意力涣散 11 缺乏自发性和创造性 12 自信心不足 Fivetipsfordealingwithstress BerealisticDoexercisesRelaxAskforhelpTakecareofourselves Berealistic We renotperfect Sowecouldneverbethesuperman Enoughisasgoodasafeast Doexercises Relax Askforhelp Shareourstress Seekprofessionalhelpfromapsychologist Takecareofourselves Getenoughrestandhaveahealthydiet Conclusion Lifeisshort Liveitwell ReadingI Questions Browsethroughthetext trytoanswerfollowingquestions StressandHealth 1 Whathappenedwhenresearchersaskedsomewomentorecallasituationthatmadethemangry 2 Whateffectsdoesstresshaveonourheart 3 Inwhatwaycanstressaffectourcognition Citeoneortwoexamples 4 WhatkindofpersonhasaclassicTypeApersonality5 Howdoesahostilepersonreacttopeoplearoundhim Vocabulary 2 A1 hormone2 pilot3 conversion4 principal5 argumentative6 aggressive7 hostility8 predictor Ba ofpeople readytoattack offensive quarrelsomeb firstinrankorimportance chief mainc person instrument etc thatsaysomethingwillhappenorforecastd someonewhoislicensedtooperateanaircraftinflighte thestateofbeingveryunfriendly enmityf fondofarguingg thechangefromoneformorusetoanotherh substanceproducedwithinthebodyandcarriedbythebloodtoanorganwhichitstimulatestoassistgrowth A1 circulate2 mild3 chronically4 harry Vocabulary 3 b LookupthefollowingwordsinanEnglish Englishdictionaryandwritedownthedefinitionofeachwordthatfitsthecontext B causesomething togoroundcontinuously notstrongorsevere gentle ofadisease developingslowly oroflongduration keepbothering A5 apt6 cognitively7 depression8 culprit Vocabulary 4 B likelyorhavingatendencytodosomething lowspirits thestateofbeingsadandwithoutenthusiasm withregardtocognition offenderorpersonwhohasdonesomethingwrong ReadingI 1 notonlydidthewomen sstresshormonelevelsincreasesuddenly sodidtheircholesterollevels notonly butalso e g Notonlyisheateacher but also heisalsoapoet 他不仅作出了许诺 而且履行了诺言 Notonlydidhemakeapromise butalsohekeptit 不仅他受到了邀请 他的父母也受到了邀请 Notonlyhewasinvited butalsohisparentswereinvited Notonlyhewasinvited sowerehisparents 前后主语不同 但谓语相同时 butalso可改成用so的倒装句型 StressandHealth ReadingI 2 cholesterol fattysubstanceinanimalfluidsandtissue thoughttocausethehardeningofthearteries胆固醇 StressandHealth ReadingI 3 LDL lowdensitylipoprotein whichcarriesmostlyfatandasmallpartofproteintootherpartsofthebody低密度脂蛋白 StressandHealth ReadingI 4 assure ensure makesureassure向 保证 使 确信assuresb ofsth assuresb thatensure确保ensuresth that clausemakesurethat StressandHealth ReadingI 5 releasev n 1 set freeorallow togo释放 放出Hewasreleasedfromprisonthenextday Heisexpectedtobereleasedfromhospitaltoday 2 free from aduty task orfeeling 使免除 使免于离婚解除了夫妻双方相互之间所有的婚姻义务 Divorcereleasesboththehusbandandwifefromallmaritalobligationstoeachother StressandHealth ReadingI 3 allowfeelingsorabilitiestobeexpressed发泄 释放 情感 展示 能力 Ipersonallydon twanttoreleasemyangeronanyoneelse Humouriswonderfulforreleasingtension 4 discharge gas heatorasubstance 释放 放出 排放 气体 热量或某种物质 Thecontractionofmusclesusesenergyandreleasesheat 肌肉的收缩消耗能量并且释放热量 5 发行 推出 唱片 碟片或电影 Heisreleasinganalbumoflovesongs 他即将推出一张情歌专辑 StressandHealth ReadingI 6 arteries anyofthetubescarryingbloodfromthehearttoallpartsofthebody动脉 StressandHealth ReadingI 7 aminoacid anyofseveralorganiccompoundsfoundinprotein氨基酸 StressandHealth ReadingI 8 wreakhavocwreak bringaboutorcausetohappen造成 混乱或破坏 havoc violentdisturbance大破坏 大混乱wreakhavoc onsth bringgreatdamagetosth 给 造成巨大的破坏Stresscanwreakhavocontheimmunesystem 他们的政策将对经济造成巨大的破坏 Theirpolicieswouldwreakhavocontheeconomy StressandHealth ReadingI 9 aptto likelytoorhavingatendencytodo Otherexamples Myoldcomputerisapttobreakdown Mylittlebrotherisacleverboybutapttogetintomischief StressandHealth ReadingI premiumicecream icecreamthatismoreexpensiveormorehighlyvaluedthanusual高品质冰激凌 StressandHealth ReadingI 10 roadrage aggressivebehaviourbyamotoristinresponsetotheactionsofanotherroaduser驾驶人因对前车不耐烦