《社会研究方法》艾尔巴比_英文ppt_ch9.ppt

Chapter9 SurveyResearch ChapterOutline IntroductionTopicsAppropriatetoSurveyResearchGuidelinesforAskingQuestionsQuestionnaireConstructionSelf administeredQuestionnairesInterviewSurveys ChapterOutline TelephoneSurveysNewTechnologiesandSurveyResearchComparisonoftheDifferentSurveyMethodsStrengthsandWeaknessesofSurveyResearchSecondaryAnalysis TopicsAppropriatetoSurveyResearch DescriptiveExploratoryExplanatory Respondent Personwhoprovidesdataforanalysisbyrespondingtoasurveyquestionnaire Questionnaire Instrumentdesignedtoelicitinformationthatwillbeusefulforanalysis Whenissurveyresearchthebestmethodavailable whencollectingoriginaldatawhendescribingapopulationtoolargetoobservedirectlywhenmeasuringattitudesallofthesechoices Question Answer D Surveyresearchisthebestmethodavailablewhencollectingoriginaldata whendescribingapopulationtoolargetoobservedirectlyandwhenmeasuringattitudes TypesofQuestions Open endedquestionsRespondentisaskedtoprovidehisorherownanswertothequestion Closed endedquestionsRespondentisaskedtoselectananswerfromamongalistprovidedbytheresearcher Questions questionshavearespondentselectananswerfromamongalistprovided open endedpretestexperimentalclosed ended Answer D Closed endedquestionshavearespondentselectananswerfromamongalistprovided GuidelinesforAskingQuestions Chooseappropriatequestionforms Makeitemsclear Avoiddouble barreledquestions Respondentsmustbecompetenttoanswer GuidelinesforAskingQuestions Respondentsmustbewillingtoanswer Questionsshouldberelevant Shortitemsarebest Avoidnegativeitems Avoidbiaseditemsandterms GuidelinesforQuestionnaireConstruction Onequestionperline Usecontingencyquestionswhennecessary Formatmatrixquestionssotheyareeasilyanswered GuidelinesforQuestionnaireConstruction Beawareofissueswithorderingitems Includeinstructionsforthequestionnaire Pretestallorpartofthequestionnaire Question Asageneralrule aquestionnaireshouldbe spreadoutunclutteredrelevantallofthesechoices Answer D Asageneralrule aquestionnaireshouldbespreadout unclutteredandrelevant Bias Referstoanypropertyofquestionsthatencouragesrespondentstoanswerinaparticularway Wording KennethRasinskianalyzedtheresultsofGeneralSocialSurveystudiesofattitudestowardgovernmentspending Hefoundthewayprogramswereidentifiedimpactedtheirsupport Wording CirclingtheAnswer ContingencyQuestion Surveyquestionintendedonlyforsomerespondents determinedbytheirresponsetosomeotherquestions ContingencyQuestionFormat ContingencyTable QuestionstoSkip MatrixQuestionFormat ResponseRate Numberofpeopleparticipatinginasurveydividedbythenumberselectedinthesample Interview Adata collectionencounterinwhichoneperson aninterviewer asksquestionsofanother arespondent ProbeArequestforelaboration AcceptableResponseRates 50 adequateforanalysisandreporting60 good70 verygood Question Readthefollowingitemandthenanswerthequestionthatfollows Themaincauseofhighwayaccidentsisspeedingbytruckers Don tyouagreethattheuseofradardetectorsbytruckersshouldbemadeillegal yesnotsureno Question Whatisthemajorweaknesswiththepreviousquestion Itissociallydesirable Itistoolong Itisbiased Itisdouble barreled Itisnotclear Answer C Themajorweaknesswiththefollowingquestionisthatitisbiased Themaincauseofhighwayaccidentsisspeedingbytruckers Don tyouagreethattheuseofradardetectorsbytruckersshouldbemadeillegal GuidelinesforSurveyInterviewing Dressinasimilarmannertothepeoplewhowillbeinterviewed Studyandbecomefamiliarwiththequestionnaire Followquestionwordingexactly Recordresponsesexactly Probeforresponseswhennecessary TrainingforInterviewers Discussionofgeneralguidelinesandprocedures Specifyhowtohandledifficultorconfusingsituations Conductdemonstrationinterviews Conduct real interviews TelephoneSurveys Advantages Moneyandtime Controloverdatacollection Disadvantages Surveysthatarereallyadcampaigns Answeringmachines NewTechnologiesandSurveyResearch CAPI computerassistedpersonalinterviewing CASI computerassistedselfinterviewing CSAQ computerizedself administeredquestionnaires TDE touchtonedataentry VR voicerecognition Question Whichoftheseareamongthemanyadvantagesthatunderliethegrowingpopularityoftelephonesurveys moneytimeconvenienceallofthesechoicesnoneofthesechoices Answer D Money timeandconvenienceareamongthemanyadvantagesthatunderliethegrowingpopularityoftelephonesurveys StrengthsofSurveyResearch Usefulindescribingthecharacteristicsofalargepopulation Makelargesamplesfeasible Flexible manyquestionscanbeaskedonagiventopic WeaknessesofSurveyResearch Canseldomdealwiththecontextofsociallife Inflexibleinsomeways Subjecttoartificiality Weakonvalidity SecondaryAnalysis Aformofresearchinwhichthedatacollectedandprocessedbyoneresearcherarereanalyzed oftenforadifferentpurpose byanother Thisisespeciallyappropriateinthecaseofsurveydata Dataarchivesarerepositoriesorlibrariesforthestorageanddistributionofdataforsecondaryanalysis QuickQuiz 1 A isaninstrumentspecificallydesignedtoelicitinformationthatwillbeusefulforanalysis questionnairestatementquerynoneofthesechoices Answer A Aquestionnaireisaninstrumentspecificallydesignedtoelicitinformationthatwillbeusefulforanalysis 2 A isasurveyquestionintendedforonlysomerespondents determinedbytheirresponsestosomeotherquestion snowballquestioncontingencyquestionpurposivequestionregressivequestion Answer B Acontingencyquestionisasurveyquestionintendedforonlysomerespondents determinedbytheirresponsestosomeotherquestion 3 Whichisnotanadvantageofsurveyresearch increasedvalidityincreasedreliabilityincreasedgeneralizabilityi