专四便条题型_(Note-writing)分析及写作技巧.doc

英语专业四级考试便条题型 (Note-writing)分析及写作技巧一、便条 (Noting-writing)题型分析便条是一种简单的书信形式，侧重于语言的实用性和功能性，检查考生日常运用语言的实际能力。要求学生仔细阅读和分析所给的情景，确定便条所涉及的内容，如：写便条者与便条接收者的身份、两者之间的关系及情景的正式程度等。便条的特点在于内容简短，大多是临时性的询问、留言、通知、要求等。与正规书信相比，便条的语言更为口语化。有急事需告诉别人而又不能面谈时，就可以写便条，如请假条、留言条等。一般不写地址，结尾时也无需结尾礼词，只需要写上便条者姓名。便条的日期一般只可写上星期几，也可以写明上午、下午的具体时间。便条具有用途广泛、形式简单、文字要求不十分严格的特点。下面是1991年至2005年全部便条题目，我们可以总结其类型，以便在写作中对症下药。2001年: Yesterday you failed to turn up for the appointment with your teacher, Professor Wang. Write him a note of apology and make a request for another meeting. You should also suggest the time for the requested meeting.（道歉）2002年: You have heard that your friend, Jack, wishes to sell his walkman. Write him a note expressing your interest in it, asking him about its condition and offering a price for it.（咨询）2003年: Your friend Clare has invited you to her house-warming party this weekend. However, you will be away then. Write her a note politely declining her invitation and expressing our best wishes to her.（祝贺）2004年: Your friend, Jane, has failed in the final exam, and is feeling very unhappy about it. Write a note to comfort her and give her some encouragement.（慰问）2005年: You have got two tickets to a concert given by a famous pop band/orchestra. Write a note to your friend, Hilda/Mike, describing briefly what it is and inviting her/him to come with you.（邀请）2006年：You have got to know that you classmate, Michael, is organizing a weekend excursion for the class. And you are thinking of joining the trip, write him a note expressing your interest in the excursion and asking for information on two details related to the excursion.（咨询）2007年：Your classmate, Jimmy, is head of the universitys swimming club. He has invited you to join the club, but you like some other sport. Write him a note, declining his invitation and explaining why. (道歉)2008年：Jane, your classmate, is thinking of subscribing to an English-language newspaper. And you would like to recommend one to her. Write a note, telling her which newspaper it is and describing two features of the paper. (建议)2009年：Lily, your roommate, is looking for a part-time job in the coming summer vacation. You saw an ad for a private English tutor for a schoolboy. Write her a note, telling he what the job is and strongly recommending it to her. (建议)2010年：Your good friend, John, is thinking of organizing an end-of-term party. Write him a note telling him that you like his idea and offer to help him. You have to be specific about how you can help him.（留言）2011年：During the summer vacation you would like to invite your best friend to your home town. Write a note to him/her, extending your invitation and telling him/her how to get to your home town. (邀请)2012年：The winter vacation was over, and you came back by train yesterday. Your friend (Michael or Lucy) went to the railway station to meet you and helped cleaning your dorm. Now, write him/her a note, expressing your gratitude and offering your help in return. (致谢)分析以上题目，我们可以看出，便条的形式没有变化，但是内容却变化不一，包罗万象。有表示问候、祝贺、感谢或发出邀请、接受邀请、道歉、解释原因等。但是，无论哪种形式的便条，都对时间、地点、人物、原因等方面要求严格，必须交代清楚。二、便条评分标准（一） 格式（占2分）包括日期、称呼和结尾三部分，共占2分。1日期 (Date) 正确： May 10th, 2001May 10, 200110/5/2001 5/10/2001位置在右上角或左上角。2称呼 (Heading) ： 正确：对于较熟的人可以直接称呼Lynn, Ann,而为了表示对对方的尊重，有时则需要称呼其为Dear Professor Wang, Mr. Smith, Dear Mr. SmithRespected Professor Wang, 位置在日期下面一行左侧。3结尾 (Ending) 正确： Yours sincerely (truly, faithfully, respectfully, ever, affectionately ), Sally或 Sincerely (Truly, Faithfully, Respectfully, Affectionately ) yours, Sally 或 Yours, Sally 位置在便条结尾的右下方或左下方。凡不符合上述正确格式或要求均要扣1分。结束语和谦称在同一行，人名没写或用表示等扣1分，最多扣2分。（二） 内容（占3分）必须按照便条的具体要求，完整各项内容，缺一项就会扣一分。最多扣3分。（三）语言（4分）语法、词法正确。严重词法、句法错误扣1分，一个句子或同类错误扣1分，拼写等小错误两个扣1分，最多扣4分。（四）语言得体性（1分）总分在8分及以上可考虑加此分。（五）总字数便条总字数（包括三部分格式在内）要求约5060字；不到40或超过80扣一分。日期、称呼、结尾全部左对齐也可以。如：April 22, 2007Dear Jimmy,I have.Sincerely yours,Sally以2007年的考题为例，Your classmate, Jimmy, is head of the universitys swimming club. He has invited you to join the club, but you like some other sport. Write him a note, declining his invitation and explaining why. (1) April 22nd, 2007 Dear Jimmy,Its very kind of you to invite me to join the universitys swimming club. I am most grateful to be asked. However, Ive already joined a basketball club. You know I like playing basketball very much. Im afraid I do not have enough time to take part in two sports. I am very sorry for that and really regret that I would miss such an excellent chance of enjoying swimming with you. Good luck to your club. Yours, Mike点评：格式：该文日期、称呼、结尾均符合正确格式要求。得2分。内容：文章使用Its very kind of you to invite来表达对邀请的感谢；Im afraid I do not have enough time to take part in来进行婉言拒绝；并明确地阐述了拒绝的理由：Ive already joined a basketball club。三项内容一个也不缺。得3分。语言：文章遣词造句都非常完美，几乎没有词法、语法错误。得4分。语言得体性：文章语气得体，既表达了感激，又表达了遗憾。得1分。总评：文章唯一的缺憾是字数偏多（84字），依照证券要求，扣掉1分。文章最后得分：9分。(2) Dear Jimmy,Sorry! I couldnt take part in your university swimming club, because I more like football. I have to decline your invitation. What a pity! I am sure you will not be angry at me, because you are always my best friend.Sorry again! Yours, Tom April 22, 2007点评：格式：该文将日期按中式习惯放在末尾，不符合格式要求。得1分。内容：文章表达了拒绝，解释了理由，但是对于对方的邀请并没有表达合适的谢意。得2分。语言：文章中多次出现非常口语化的表达以及措辞，中式思维明显。得2分。语言得体性：文章过分口语化，该项不得分。总评：文章最后得分：5分。（3） Hello, Jimmy:Im shy to tell you I like other sport. So I dont take part in you club. You may ask: Why? Not because other reasons, I interested more in pingpong and it is more cheaper. I think, except me, more people will support you. Tony点评：格式：该文日期、称呼、结尾完全不符合格式要求。该项不得分。内容：文章表达了拒绝，解释了理由，但是没有对对方的邀请表达任何的谢意或对拒绝对方的邀请表示愧疚。得2分。语言：文章中式英语明显，几乎见不到正确的英文句子。得1分。语言得体性：该项不得分。总评：文章最后得分：3分。三、便条分类及写作技巧 英语专业四级考试中有可能出现的便条写作内容一般与学生的生活相关。便条按照其功能可分为：约会、致谢、道歉、祝贺、邀请、慰问、请求、留言等。但不管哪一类便条都体现出较强的实用性，其目的都是利用简洁的非正规的书面语解决实际生活中的问题。因此，考生面对便条写作，必须仔细审题，明确考题要求，即能够回答这样的问题-我是谁，便条的收件人是谁，我希望收件人看便条后了解什么，去做什么，怎样去做? 便条写作主要考特定的格式，特定的句式，特定的内容。特定的格式和特定的句式基本上是约定俗成的，学生必须了然于胸。如果因不熟悉格式和句式而丢分，就太可惜了。至于特定的内容，便条写作中的提示是至关重要的。提示限定了便条写作的内容和对象，增加或遗漏内容都会导致失分，因此，认真阅读提示并按提示要求来写便条是获得高分的最基本前提。当然，考生也必须具备扎实的写作功底、较高的语言应用能力，才能在这一部分的应试中取得较好的成绩。具体地讲，要注意以下几点:首先，格式运用正确，不要漏掉日期、称呼、落款等；其次，语言得体，根据写作者和接受者的关系，运用恰当的语言；再次，内容完整但不罗嗦，条理清楚合乎题目要求，语法正确； 另外，便条就是留言条，不是信件，开头即可直奔主题，切忌罗嗦，否则，主次颠倒、字数过多就会被扣分；最后，认真阅读提示中的每项信息，学会将提示中的信息转化成自己的语言，融进便条中，这样，一则便条就会很容易地写出来，而且决不会跑题。以下将针对英语专业四级考试出题规律，着重介绍几种实用性较强的便条写作方法。（一）约会1.约会是因事与收信人约定面谈的便条，一般应包含三个方面的内容：. 约会的事由B.建议约会的时间和地点. 期待对方做出回复，并可表示感谢2.模板便条日期称呼，Id like to discuss with you 约会事由. Could we see each other B. 约会的时间和地点？Please C.给予回复 if you find the time/place is not convenient to you. 结尾署名3. 范例 June 11Lynn, Id like to discuss with you when and where the general meeting of the whole staff is to be held. Could we see each other at the gate of the auditorium at 3:00 p.m. today? Please ring me if you find the time/place is not convenient to you. Yours xiaolong（二）致歉 由于行为不当，比如违约、做错了事、说错了话，或是因服务不周造成了某种不良后果，当事人必须为此道歉。表道歉的便条要求写条人的态度一定要诚恳、真实。在考试中体现这一行为要求的关键词有apology等。 1. 道歉便条一般应该包括以下内容:A说明为何事而道歉；B解释造成过失或不能履约的原因；C再次道歉或提出解决方案；2.模板便条日期称呼，Im sorry that A. 说明为何事而道歉解释造成过失或不能履约的原因再次道歉或提出解决方案With many apologies. 结尾署名3. 范例 June 11Greece, Im sorry that I failed to meet you at the gate of the auditorium this morning. Professor Smiths lecture lasted much longer than I expected. I will come over to your apartment at 5 oclock this afternoon if it is convenient for you. With many apologies. Yours sincerely, Xie Lingling(三)邀请 邀约是日常生活中比较常见的一种交际行为，邀请便条一定要写得明确、完整，不可留下任何疑问使对方捉摸不定。对场合、时间、地点要写具体。在考试中体现这一行为要求的关键词有invite等。 1. 邀请便条一般应该包括以下内容：A邀请对方参加活动的内容、时间和地点；B与该活动有关的注意事项；C期待对方接受邀请，并可表示感谢。2. 模板便条日期称呼，We will A. 活动的内容. Would it be possible for you to meet us B.地点和时间？We would be very happy if you could be with us. C. 期待对方接受邀请。 结尾署名3范例 June 11Dear Li Ming, As the weather is splendid recently, we will go out to the countryside by bike, and we may take food for the picnic, which we will have at the hill side. Would it be possible for you to meet us at the bus stop at 8 a.m. tomorrow morning? We would be very happy if you could be with us. Do come and join us. Yours, Jack （四）应邀 写表示应邀的便条时，应该是欣然接受，对受到邀请表示高兴。在考试中体现这一行为要求的关键词有accept等。 1.表示接受的便条至少会包括以下内容：A表达收到邀请后的欣喜之情；B. 表示感谢；C确切表示会赴邀。2.表示应邀的常用表达方式有：We are delighted to acceptWe look forward with pleasure to joining you.It is with great pleasureWe are sincerely happy to join youNothing could give us greater pleasure than accepting your kind invitation.3. 范例下面是一则接受参加校友聚会的应邀便条: May 15, 2004Dear Bill, Im happy to be informed of our alumni get-together. Surly I will meet many old friends and well be able to chat over days long gone by. Incidentally, do you know that Prof. Chadi arrived in our city yesterday? I think his presence will make our meeting more memorable. He can be reached by phone Mo. 84123348. Yes, Ill be prompt. Im counting the days to see you all. Yours, Martin（五）婉拒 在你被别人邀请参加某个活动或典礼，而你因故不能前往时，要礼貌地回绝对方的邀请。在写婉拒便条时，一定要表示自己的诚意，原因一定要真实可靠，要向对方陈述清楚，不然会造成误解。 1.拒绝邀请的便条往往包括以下部分：A收到邀请； B表示感谢；C阐述不能赴邀的原因；D表示遗憾和良好的祝愿。2.表示婉拒的常用表达方式有：I have much pleasure in accepting your invitation, but deeply regret having refused owing to a previous engagement.I would have been so much delighted to be with you butNothing would please me more than to join you for dinner, but unfortunatelyI shall have to say no to your kind invitationI do hope you would accept my sincere apologies for my absence.Its a pity I cant join you for the occasion.Its too bad that the date coincides with my grandfathers birthday.3. 范例下面是一则婉言谢绝参加宴会的便条: May 6，2005Dear Mr. Tom, We are very appreciative of your so warmly including us among your selected guests for Wednesday. Most unfortunately, however, we shall be unable to avail ourselves of your kind invitation on account of a previous engagement for the same day. I have ordered the Xinxin Department Store to deliver you a trifle. Please accept as a humble token of our felicitation on the party. With best wishes for a very jolly home diner. Yours sincerely,Li Hong （六）请求请求型便条是向收集人提出某种请求的便条.1. 一般应包含三个方面的内容：. 提出请求;B. 说明原因;C. 请求回复并表示感谢.2. 模板便条日期称呼，We are thinking to B. 说明原因. Would you please A. 提出请求? Please call me if you C. 完成请求做的事情. Many thanks! 结尾署名3. 范例 Sep. 15，2005Dear Lynn,We are thinking to hold a meeting to discuss the problem of electricity shortage of our company on 25 September. Would you please prepare a presentation on the possible solution to the problem? Please call me if you are ready to make the presentation. Many thanks! Yours sincerely,Li Hong（七）致谢 致谢便条通常是对别人的惠助、问候、款待等表示感谢，是我们日常生活中使用频率较高的一种信函。在考试中体现这一行为要求的关键词有thank, appreciate等。1. 致谢便条常常包括三个部分： A对对方提供的帮助、给予的接待或赠送的礼品等表示衷心感谢； B说明对方的帮助所起的作用或赠送的礼品非常好； C再次表示感谢或问候对方，并可表示希望回报对方。2. 表示感谢的常用表达方式有：I dont know how to express my gratitude for youIm writing to tell you how much I enjoyed the weekend in your village.The note is just to express my appreciation for inviting me over.I cannot tell you how much I owe youIm writing to express my appreciation for all that you did for me during my visit in Beijing.It was thoughtful(more than kind, generous, etc)of youI thank you from the core of my heart for your sending me the gift.3. 范例 Dec. 15，2008Dear Shanshan,It was very kind of you to take so much trouble to find me the book written by Xia Xiaohong. Please accept my warmest thanks. I should be very happy to return your help and invite you to dinner at my apartment on Sunday. Please call me if you could come. Yours sincerely,Long Yong（八）祝贺 表祝贺的便条有多种，如节日、生日、乔迁、病愈、入学、毕业、就业、比赛、考试等等。在考试中体现这一行为要求的关键词有congratulate等。 1. 祝贺便条一般应该包括以下内容:A点明要祝贺的事情；B向对方道贺；C提出表达庆贺的方式，并可再次祝贺或表示良好的祝愿。2.表示祝贺的常用表达方式有：引入话题的用语:I am writing to express my heartiest congratulations on yourCongratulations on your success.Please accept my warmest/heartfelt congratulations onCongratulations upon having received your masters degree.Accept my sincere congratulations from the bottom of my heart on yourI wish to congratulate you on your finishing high school and entering Qing Hua UniversityIts the kind of news I like to hear, because it proves once again a hard-working man always gets aheadLet me offer my warmest congratulations. I know you are going to be a great success in表示评价和钦佩的用语：You really deserve it becauseIt is really a splendid achievement and we are all proud of you.This has meant years of your hard work, and its an achievement you can well be proud of表示祝愿的用语：You will have a brilliant future.I believe that your school life will be more colorful. With every good wish.I wish you still further success.模板便条日期称呼，Hearty congratulations on A.点明要祝贺的事情. B. 向对方道贺. Would you like to come to C. 提出表达庆贺的方式. Do come to find out the big surprise. 结尾署名3. 范例 Oct. 16，2008Dear Larry,Hearty congratulations on your marriage. Best wishes for a long and happy married life to you both. Would you like to come to dinner at my apartment on Sunday? My husband and I have prepared a special gift for you. Do come to find out the big surprise. Yours,Laura（九）慰问 对同事、亲朋好友所遭遇的不幸或失败，如生病、车祸、考试不及格等表示慰问, 即表示关心和同情，给予鼓励。在考试中体现这一行为要求的关键词有condolence, sympathy等。 1. 慰问便条一般应该包括以下内容：A. 点明要慰问的事情；B.安慰对方；C. 表达良好的祝愿。2.表示慰问的常用表达方式有：引入话题的用语:I am extremely sorry to learnhear It is really a pity that you failed inI was with profound shock that you will have to stay in the hospital for some weeks.It has distressed me to hear of your injury.表示安慰和鼓励的用语：We share in your sadness.Please accept my sincerest sympathies.If there is anyone you need to turn to, Ill be most willing to lend an ear.Were sure it wont be long before youre back on your feet again.Dont worry about your you will soon becomeDont lose heart；withyou will be successful in the future3. 范例下面是一则写给生病的朋友以表慰问的便条: April 5, 2006Dear Harold，Gary told me yesterday that you are down with the flu. To tell you the truth, I was a little surprised. You never used to be sick. Then I recalled that youd been extraordinarily busy with your work recently. You must have been weakened physically somehow. You do need a good rest. Im sure youll be up and around very soon. Take care and best regards! Yours,Hong（十） 留言 留言是写信人在送给对方礼物时的附言条，或离开某地时用书面形式留下的要对收信人说的话，或者转述电话留言等。内容非常多变，所以格式很不固定。留言条是日常生活中比较常见的一种交际行为，在考试中体现这一行为的关键词有take a message等。1. 留言便条一般应该包括以下内容:A留言人的名字；B. 留言的确切时间;C.留言内容；D.留言人的要求。2. 留言便条的常用表达方式有：Xiao Li called and left a message for you，sayingA Mr. Li came to see you.Xiao Li says she will be very grateful to you if youYou are requested to ring him up at 8 tonight.模板便条日期称呼，某人wishes to see you 在某时to talk about 某事. You are requested to see 在某时、某地见某人. 某人called at 时间and said that 传达打电话的人所述内容. 结尾署名3. 范例 April 22, 2012Linda，Professor Wang wishes to see you this afternoon to talk about your thesis. You are requested to see him in his office at 4:00 p.m. Your mother calle