英语基本句子的写法.doc

第一步：如何写好基本句子1. 六种基本句型1）主语+谓语(+状语)（主语+动词（+副词、介词短语等） I am speaking. He walks very fast. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Here comes the bus. (此句主谓倒装了) There goes the bugle. (此句主谓倒装了)2）主语+谓语+宾语（主语+及物动词+宾语（名词、代词、数词等） I study English. She looks after him. He takes good care of his mother. Can you make sure of it? Since I am in charge of the project I must be responsible for the quality of it. We got three a moment ago. She likes reading books after class. I dont like to read that book right now. 3) 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 He gave me a book yesterday. He gave a book to me yesterday. She will buy me a new bike. She will buy a new bike for me. 4) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(名词、形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语等) We call him John. They find the task difficult. She regards me as her brother. She noticed him go out a moment ago. We heard her singing a Russian song just now. What has made China what she is today? 5) 主语+系动词+表语（名词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语等） She is a student. He is twenty. We are strong. Here is your change. (此句主表倒装了)The book is on the table. To master a foreign language is of great importance in China. Keep still or Ill shoot. He stayed alive after being covered by a pile of broken stones for three days. The cloth feels smooth. 其它由行为动词转变而来的连系动词还有：get, stay, look, appear, seem, sound, keep, turn，smell, taste, feel, remain等。6）There be +主语（+状语） There is only one desk in the classroom. There are many students on the playground. There being nothing urgent to do in the office this morning, we did not go to work and stayed at home. 2. 句子的四种类型 1）简单句 John loves Mary. John loves Mary and gives her money.Both John and Cliff love Mary.John and Cliff love Mary and her sister (and give them money).一个简单句可表示：Aa statement (陈述) Mr. Brown teaches this class.B. a question(问题)Do you understand me?C. a command or a request(命令)Open the door.Please help me with my work.D. an exclamation(感叹)How cold it is!What a nice day it is! 2) 并列复合句John loves Mary, but she doesnt love him.Finally John persuaded Mary to marry him for he is a charming persistent young man.The wind is blowing; the light flashing; the thunder roaring; the rain pouring down; the earth rocking.并列复合句常用连词有：A 表示并列关系的连词有：and ; not only.but also; furthermore; besides; likewise; moreover; again;I like English and he likes French.Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.The car was almost new; furthermore it was in excellent condition.B 表示转折关系的连词：but; yet; still; however; nevertheless; in spite of ; despite; notwithstanding; despite thatThe coat was thin but it was warm.The car was quite old; yet it was in excellent condition.In spite of its age, the car was in excellent condition.The car was quite old; despite that it was in excellent condition.C. 表示选择关系的连词：or; neither; neither.nor You must work harder, or you will lose the exam. Either your answer or mine is wrong. Your answer is not right, neither is mine. Neither you nor I am to blame.D. 表示因果关系的连词：so; then; therefore; so; consequently; accordingly The rain began to fall, so we went home. We worked until six; then we went home. He broke the rules of the school; therefore he had to leave.3）主从复合句 We must do what we must do. (宾语从句) What must be done must be done. (主语从句) This is why we must do it.(表语从句) What is done cannot be undone.(主语从句) We can eat what we cannot. (宾语从句) Although John loves Mary, she does not love him. (状语从句) The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.(定语从句) The way that food is cooked and served may greatly affects the appetite of children. No matter what happens Whatever happens, my heart will go on and on.(状语从句) 4）并列主从复合句 When heavy rain comes, the streams rise, and farmers know that there will be floods. The neighborhood that Henry grew up in was fairly prosperous, but it was by no means wealthy. 3. 写句子时常见错误 1）不定式、动名词、分词、形容词短语悬垂incorrect correctTo learn English well, much practiceis necessary. To learn ., we need much practice.Heated, we can make water into steam. Heated, water can be made into steam. After reading the letter, my heart wasbeating fast.After reading ., I found my heart beating fast.Having graduated from middle school, my parents sent me to study abroad. Having graduated from middle school, I was sent to study abroad. Afraid to eat any more seafood, the waiter removed the dish from the table. Afraid to eat., he asked the waiter to remove the dish from the table. All flights having been called off, we had to go home by train. With all flights called off, we had to go home by train. The Party leading us, the Red Army won one victory after another. With the Party leading us, the Red Army won one victory after another. 2) 修饰语错位The newsboy walked his bicycle to the house of his first customer burdened with newspaper.Burdened with newspaper, the newsboy walked to the house of his first customer.The U.S. only has a history of 200-odd years.The U.S. has a history of only 200-odd years.Alice could see a lot of cars running Though her window Alice could see fast outside through her window.He gave the rose to the lovely actress He gave the rose that he had bought for his wife that he had bought for his wife. to the lovely actress.3) 代词指代混乱Before Cathy gave the dog its food, Cathy washed the dog before she gave it its food.she washed itJack was bitten by a dog, but it was , but the bite was not serious.not serious.In Marys letter she tried to persuade In her letter, Mary us to give up the plan.Mike told his father that his car wouldnt Mike said to his father, “Your car wont start.”start.4). 混乱转换Every student is required to bring their books Every students is his booksto the classroom.She left the classroom when the test is over. She left when the test was over.First, build a fire and then you should make the , and then make the coffee.coffee.5). 不完整句He had a need and an interest in learning a He had a need for and an interest insecond foreign language.Suzhou in nearer to Shanghai than Nanjing. Suzhou is nearer to Shanghai than Nanjing is.4. 写简洁的句子句子不简洁，应将划线部分删去In my opinion, I think your plan is feasible.My brother accompanied me to go to the airport.Learning a foreign language is important to us who are students.We find the situation that exists at the moment is urgent.In the course of an hour we arrived at our destination.As far as I am concerned, this plan is perfect.It goes without saying that they certainly deserve the prize.5. 变换句式He picked up the ball quickly. Quickly he picked up the He was young and short and could not join He was too young and to short to join the army. the army.Thomas was tired of studying, so he took Tired of studying, Thomas a rest. Tolstoy, completing Anna Karenina, won Completing Anna Karenina, Tolstoy won the national recognition in Russia.6. 破句He decided to learn Japanese. He decided to learnbecause it isBecause it is a useful language. The group travelled for a week. The group travelled and finally arrived onFinally arriving on Saturday.One of the centurys great penicillin, a miracleMedical invention is penicillin. A miracle drug that has saved millions of lives.7. 溶合句She wrote him a love letter he answered She wroteand he answered her in person.her in person.The belt was too small for him she had The belt was so small for him that she hadto change it for another one.Why do you ask how does it concern you? Why do you ask how it concerns you?I didnt want to talk to my brother I pretended I didnt wantso I pretended to be asleep.to be asleep.8. 句子成份不平衡Simon is healthy, wealthy and an athlete. Simon is and athletic.Paul works not only to compete but he also compete by but also to win a medal.wants to win a medal.I dont know which I enjoy more, to play enjoy more, playing tennis or swimming.tennis or swimming.My mother shows her love by cooking and . show her love by cooking for and serving the family serving the family.Exercises Exercises 1Revise the following sentences.1. To hear him talk, he was thought to be a millionaire.2. Reading a novel, the door bell rang.3. She stared at the people nearby with angry eyes.4. While walking along the street, the high buildings looked shiny and magnificent.5. To win business, many risks must be taken.6. As an only son, his parents are too indulgent to him.7. He has only a face that a mother could love.8. John Smith who is a neighbor of mine will go with us.9. The students do morning exercises every day to keep fit.10. The result being that he won the game.11. My new car is a pleasure to drive there isnt the slightest squeak or rattle.12. The villagers speak little English the visitors seldom know any their language.13. Selecting Hyde Park Corner as a starting place, our route goes along Knightsbridge.14. Stepping carelessly off the pavement, the bus knocked him down.15. Climbing to the top of the tower, there is a magnificent view to be seen.16. Being Sunday, I shall have a quiet day at home.17. If you learn how to take notes in class, much extra work will be avoided.18. First mix some flour with a little water and then you put in some sugar.19. I saw more of him than Richard.20. The policemans warning was accepted by her.21. I woke up at six a.m. this morning.22. She looked as though she was angry.23. Although Tom arrived late however he was not criticized by the teacher because he had a bad headache.24. Because he asked me to go, so I went.25. Already worn out by illness, the bad news killed him.26. Driving a car on frozen roads the brakes should be applied gently.27. Learning English, the pronunciation always caused me most trouble.28. One of the young men shouted something in German.waving his hand in the air.29. He told me a secret. That he had bought her a ring.30. Tom told his brother that he was in trouble.Exercise 2Fill in the blanks with appropriate connectives.1. _it had stopped raining, we left the railway station.2. Celia arranged the meeting, and, _ she considered the terms unfair, she signed the contract.3. At the age of seventy, the old man returned to his native town _ he was brought up.4. I dont agree with you, _ does my partner.5. I am going out for a short time, _ you can get supper ready.6. Find out _ they are going this evening _ ask _we may join them.7. _i do not like him very much, I can appreciate his qualities.8. He was very seriously ill; _ doctors have almost given up hope of his recovery.9. Those _ are not prepared to study should _ change their ways _ make room for those _ will work.10. They go to concerts of pop music _ they really like it.11. She cant hope to pass the exam in December, _ shell have to wait till June.12. He broke the rules of the school; _ he had to leave.13. I dont know anything against the man; _ I dont trust him.14. Ill buy a new suit when I get the check for the work I did; _, Im afraid this old one will have to do a bit longer.15. Hell never be a good violinist; _, the professor told him so.16. He doesnt work hard; _ hes incapable of hard work.17. Youll recognize him _ you see him.18. _ is your answer wrong _ mine is _.19. The nearest town is 5 or 10 miles from _ they live.20. You must work harder; _ you will be put into another class.附注：主语一般由以下词类担任：名词、数词、代词、动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句、the+某些形容词;The farmer works hard. Three of us went there yesterday. She teaches English. To serve the people is my pleasure. Crying over the spilt milk is no use. What he said at the meeting is important.The poor are living a bitter life. 谓语由动词担任。动词可分为：及物动词（要宾语, 宾语可单也可双）、不及物动词（没有宾语）、短语动词（由动词+其他词构成，可及物，也可不及物，视后接的词具体情况而定）、连系动词；He studies English. She gave me two books last week. (此句谓语是双宾语及物动词)The teacher runs fast. The worker looks at the picture carefully. We should pay attention to our environmental protection. The meeting took place yesterday. You may look up the new words in the dictionary. Her face turned red. It is a small house. 宾语的词类与主语相同；They will look after the garden for you. She gave us three. The nurse forgot to give me the medicine. You should remember meeting her last week.The teacher will tell us what he said at the meeting last week. We should care for the poor. 宾语补足语一般由名词、形容词、介词短语、宾语补足语从句、非谓语动词（动词不定式、分词）担任；The training school made her a good wife and mother. Doing morning exercise makes me strong. We consider the report of great importance. What has made China what she is today? She wants you to help her. They found the person seriously injured. The nurse found him lying on the ground. 表语一般由名词、形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词、表语从句担任；He is a farmer. Her face turned red. I am at ease.My duty is to look after the patient. Her job is cleaning the classroom. The situation is pressing. We are all excited. That is what he did yesterday. The reason that why she came late to class this morning is that her mother suddenly fell ill and she had to sent her to hospital. 状语一般由副词、介词短语、状语从句、非谓语动词担任；She speaks very fast. We can do the work with ease. When he came, I had finished my homework. To serve the people better, we must study hard. Being an honest person, he told the truth. Exploited by the landlord, the farmers there all hated him. All flights having been called off, they had to go home by train. There being no urgent work to do in the office, we stayed at home and did not go to work yesterday. All the questions solved, the meeting ended. With her husband killed in the battle last year, she has to beg for a living. Without anybody noticing him, he stole into the meeting hall. 定语一般由名词（表用途）、数词、形容词、介词短语(后置)、副词(后置)、定语从句、非谓语动词担任；He sat in the waiting room. We bought a color TV last year. The teacher teaches twenty students. Our country is a powerful one. The pen on the desk is mine.The farmers there suffered a lot before liberation. My brother, who works in Shanghai, is a professor. The exloited classes and the exloiting classes are naturally hostile to each other. One of the measures taken is to organize visits to other factories. I have a few words to say. They lived in a room facing the south. This is the book recommended by our teacher. 英语写作速成模块Models for English Writing模块作文快速写作流程:Step 1: 解读题意, 确定题型, 勾画简图(根据题目提纲段首句确定命题形式，确立观点论据，罗列提纲或关键词)Step 2: 选择模块（依据命题形式快速选定合适模块）Step 3: 依图填空, 丰富细节（将具体内容有选择的填入模块。注意多种句式运用，长短句交替出现，连接词的运用，恰如其分地运用修辞手段使文章有闪光点）Step 4: 修改文章, 杜绝错误（避免语法错误，如：主谓是否一致，时态是否对头，语态、语气是否正确，词组搭配是否合乎习惯）A. 观点类模块对立观点类模块Different people have different views on _ . Some people think that _ , while others argue that _.As far as I am concerned, I agree with the _ opinion. For one thing, I firmly believe _. For another, _ . Just think of _, who _ .Taking all these factors into consideration, we may safely come to the conclusion that _ . Only if _ can we _ , just as the saying goes, _ .利用模块作文范例: My View on FateDifferent people have different views on fate. Some people think that fate is predestined and nobody can change it, while others argue that everybody is the master of his fate and he can change it with his own hands.As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion. For one thing, I firmly believe all men are born equal and nobody is destined to always succeed or fail in his life. For another, if a person is diligent and determined, he will be able to realize his dream no matter how poor, humble or unlucky he may be. Just think of Alfred Nobel, who invented dynamite after countless experiments during which he lost his brother and got seriously injured himself.Taking all these factors into consideration, we may safely come to the conclusion that there is no such thing as destined fate in our life. Only if we hold on to our dream can we turn it into reality, just as the saying goes, “Everybody is the architect of his fortune”.2.阐述利弊类模块Nowadays, _ isare playing a more and more important role in peoples daily life. However, peoples opinions are still divided on this point.Those who are in favor of _ claim that it has a lot of advantages. Firstly, _. Secondly, _ . Last but not least, _.Those who are opposed to _ hold that there are many disadvantages. In the first place, _ . In the second place, _ . Finally, _ .All in all, we can safely come to the conclusion that the pros outweigh the cons. The past twenty years witnessed the fast development of _ along with _ . A brighter future is awaiting us if we make good use of _ .利用模块作文范例A:Advantages and Disadvantages of Private CarsNowadays, private cars are playing a more and more important role in peoples daily life. However, peoples opinions are still divided on this point.Those who are in favor of private cars claim that it has a lot of advantages. Firstly, the development of private cars will contribute a lot to national economy as a whole. Secondly, for individuals who own a private car, they will no longer have to wait for the crowded bus. Last but not the least, people can go sightseeing