重点词汇、词组及句子结构第一册.doc

本表由浙江万里学院基础学院大外部提供,欢迎同学们下载使用! 有问题请联系管理员大学英语1 （全新版）教学大纲 4/9/2008 重点词汇、词组及句子结构 Unit 1词汇1. anticipate vt. 预期，期望，预料 同expect【例句】 We anticipate great pleasure from our visit to London. 我们期待伦敦之行过得非常愉快。 The police are anticipating trouble at tomorrows football match. 警察预料明天的足球比赛上会有麻烦。【搭配】anticipate +V-ing; anticipate +名词/that从句【派生】anticipation n. 预料，预测【辨析】anticipate, expect, predictanticipate: 预料，期望。强调事先有准备的。指以恐惧或高兴的心情等待着所期望或猜想的事情发生。We anticipate a long spell of hot days this summer.我们预期今年夏天高温天气将持续多日。expect:预料，指望，期待。指有一定根据地盼望某事会发生或某人回来。I expect to see them tomorrow. 我期待着明天见到他们。hope:希望，期望。指热切期望并对获得所期待之物的可能性方面有一定的信心。I hope to see you soon. 我希望不久就见到你。await: 期待，等候。指满怀期望地等待，暗含肯定性。I am eagerly awaiting your letter. 我正在热切等待你的来信。2assignvt. 分配，分派 指定（时间、地点）【例句】 The monitor was assigned to take notes for the meeting. 班长被分派作会议记录。 The two government assigned a day for the next negotiation. 两国政府确定了下轮谈判的日期。【搭配】assign sb. sth/assign sth. to sb. 分配给某人某事; assign sb. to to sth.分派某人去做某事【派生】assignment n. （分派的）任务，（指定的）作业； assignable a. 可分配的，可指定的3associate v. 使联想，由.联想到 交往, 结交n. 伙伴，同事，合伙人，同伙a. 合伙的，同伙的 副的，准的【例句】 We associate China with the Greet Wall.我们想起中国, 就联想到长城。 Dont associate with dishonest boys.不要和不诚实的孩子结交。 associate professor副教授【搭配】associate sb./sth. with sb./sth.把与联想起来; associate with与来往，和共事; be associated with使有联系【派生】association n. 联合, 联系, 联想；协会, 社团4avoid vt. 避免，避开 【例句】To avoid confusion, the teams wore different colours. 为避免混淆,两队分穿不同颜色的衣服。【搭配】 avoid doing sth. 避开做某事; avoid sth.避开某事【派生】avoidable a. 可以避免的5bore vt.使人厌烦n. 令人讨厌的人或事【例句】 He was bored with that lengthy speech. 他对那个冗长的演讲厌烦了。 Its a bore having to go out again. 又要外出真是讨厌。【搭配】 bore sb. with sth. 用使人厌烦; bore sb. to death使某人厌烦得要死; be bored with对厌烦【例句】 The book was illustrated with color photographs. 这本书配上了彩色照片。【派生】bored a. 无聊的，厌烦的; boring a. 令人烦的; boredom n. 厌烦，厌倦6compose v. 创作（乐曲、诗歌等） 组成，构成使安定，使镇定【例句】 He began to compose songs at an early age.他年轻时就开始创作歌曲。 Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.水是由氢和氧组成的。 Mary soon composed herself.玛丽很快就使自己镇定下来。【搭配】 pbe composed of由组成; compose oneself使自己镇定下来【派生】 composition n. 作曲，写作，构成; composer n. 作曲家; component n. 成分; composed a. 镇静的，沉着的7. distributev. 分发，分配，分送，分送【例句】 The teacher distributed the handouts to the students.老师把讲义发给学生。Some types of plants are widely distributed.有些种类的植物分布得很广。【搭配】distribute.over .把分配到, 散布于, distribute sth. to sb.把某物分配/发给【派生】 distribution n. 分发，分配，散布; distributor n. 分发者，分配者8. image n. 形象，印象，图像 翻版，化身 【例句】 I had formed an image of her before we met.在我们见面之前我曾想象过她的模样。 Hes the very image of his father. 他活象他的父亲。【搭配】 be the image of sb.酷似某人; public image公众形象; build up an image树立形象【扩展】imagine vt. 想象9inspirevt.吉利，鼓舞 启发，赋予灵感【例句】 What inspired him to writing novels as his career?是什么激励他走上小说创作的道路？ We should inspire the children to think. 我们应该启发儿童思考。 【搭配】inspire sb. to do sth.激励某人去做某事; inspire sth in sb.激发某人的某种情感 【派生】 inspiration n. 灵感; inspiring鼓舞人心的10. recall v. 回想起，回忆起 召回，叫回【例句】 She recalled seeing him outside the shop on the night of the robbery.她回忆起在抢窃那天晚上她看到他在商店外面。 The makers have recalled a lot of unsafe cars.制造厂收回了许多不安全的车。【搭配】recall sth. to sb.让某人想起; recall + that从句; recall + doing sth. 【扩展】 remind sb. of sth. 让某人想起某事，提醒某人某事11. reputation n. 名誉，名声，声望【例句】 This company has a reputation for honesty and efficiency.这家公司以 讲诚信和重高效而出名。【搭配】have a reputation for sth.因而著名; live up to ones reputation名副其实，不负盛名; lose ones reputation名誉扫地; win/earn/establish a reputation赢得/建立名声12. sequencen. 连续，一连串的东西 次序，顺序【例句】 They met with a sequence of misfortunes.他们遭遇了一连串的不幸。 People usually deal with events in historical sequence.人们通常按历史先后顺序研究大事件。【搭配】in sequence依次地，按顺序 【派生】sequential a.相继发生的，按次序的 【扩展】consequence 结果，后果13. tacklev. 处理，应付，解决【例句】 The police are trying every means to tackle rising crime.警方正想方设法对付不断上升的犯罪事件。 【扩展】 deal with应付，对付，处理; handle处理，应付，控制; cope with应付， 对付词组14. face up to 勇敢地面对或接受【例句】 Shes going to have to face up to the fact that hes not going to marry her.她将要勇敢地面对他不与她成婚的事实。【扩展】be faced with面临; face the music勇于承担责任; 15. hold back 抑制阻止 隐瞒【例句】 She held back from telling the truth.她想告诉他真相，但又难以启齿。They built banks of earth to hold back the rising flood water.他们筑起土堤，阻挡上涨的洪水。 He was holding something back from me. 他有什么事情瞒着我。【扩展】hold in约束，抑制; hold on继续，坚持；不挂断; hold out伸出，端出；维持; hold up举起, 支撑；阻滞，阻碍; hold off远离，不接近；推迟，推延16. off and on 有时，断断续续地【例句】 Ive had toothache off and on for a couple of months.这几个月我时常头疼。【扩展】该词组也可以用作on and off。17. out of date过时的，不时新的【例句】 They way of thinking of the old generation is out of date, and it cant keep pace with the changing times.老一代人的那套思维方式已经过时了，因为它跟不上时代的发展。【扩展】out of style不时髦的; out of fashion不时髦的，过时的; up to date时新的18. put down 记下，写下 放下，按下镇住，击败【例句】 Put down your name and address here, please.请在这里写下你的名字和地址。 You can put your foot down, when you go on the highway.上了公路，你就可以踩下油门加速了。The rebellion was soon put down by the government troops.不久叛乱就被政府军镇压下去了。【扩展】 put across使被理解，把讲明白; put aside储存，留出; put away储存，把,放起来; put forward提出; put off推迟，拖延; put out生产；熄灭，扑灭; put through接通（电话）19. turn out 制造，生产；原来是，结果是；关掉，熄掉【例句】 Beijing University has turned out many first-rate scholars. 北京大学培养出了许多一流的学者。The lecture turned out be to terribly boring.结果讲座非常枯燥。Pleas turn out the lights before you leave the classroom.在离开教室前，请关灯。【扩展】turn away转过脸去; turn down调低音量，拒绝; turn in上交，告发; turn off关掉; turn on打开; turn over打翻，反复考虑; turn to转向，求助于; turn up调高音量，出现 句子结构1. sb./ sth. is said / believed /reported to do sth.可与句型“It is said reported thoughtbelieved announced that”互换，其意义为“据说据报导据认为据称。【例句】Robert is said to have studied abroad，but I dont know what country he studied in.2 as 引导方式状语从句 as引导方式状语从句，表示“像/按/跟怎样”，通常位于主句后【例句】Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。This is the same as it was before.这个与以前一样。 Unit 2词汇1. absolutely ad. 完全地，极其 【例句】 It is absolutely impossible for him to speak English fluently within a month.要想在一个月内说一口流利的英语对他来说是绝对不可能的。【扩展】completely十分, 完全地; totally彻底地，完全地; utterly完全地, 绝对地, 彻底地; relatively相对地；比较地2available a. 可用的，可得到的 可接受探访的，可见客人的 【例句】 Im sorry, those overcoats are not available in your colour and size.对不起,这种外套没有你要的颜色和尺码。 The lawyer is not available now.律师现在没空。【搭配】available to sb.为某人所利用; be available for use可加以利用; make sth. available使某物可利用【派生】avail v. 利用，有助于; availability n. 可用性，可得到的人或物3awful a. 可怕的，糟糕的【例句】The young lady cant bear the awful smell of cigarette smoke and leaves the room immediately.年轻女士因无法忍受屋里难闻的阵阵烟味，马上就离开了。【派生】awfully ad.非常; awe n. 畏惧，惊奇【扩展】terrible, horrible很糟的，极坏的，令人恐惧的4correspondence n. 通信，信件符合，一致【例句】He kept up correspondence with her after graduation. 毕业后，他与她仍保持着通信联系。 We must bring our ideas into correspondence with the laws of the objective external world.我们必须使我们的想法符合外部世界的客观规律。【搭配】 in correspondence with和.一致； 与.有通信联系; o correspondence with .使.与.一致起来；使.与.相互通信; teach by correspondence函授【派生】correspond通信；相符合，一致; corresponding相应的；通信的; correspondent通讯员，记者5estimate vt.估计，估量n. 估计，估价，评价【例句】 The value of the painting was estimated at several thousands dollars.这幅画的价值估计有几千美元。 My estimate of them turned out to be wrong.我对他们后来的看法后来证明是错误的。【搭配】 by estimate照估计; make an estimate of给.作一估计; 评价; at a rough estimate据粗略估计【派生】estimable a. 可估计的6postpone v. 推迟，使延期，搁置【例句】 We are postponing our trip until the weather grows warmer.我们把旅行推迟到天气暖和一些的时候。【搭配】 postpone doing sth.【辨析】postpone, delay, defer, put off 均含“推迟”、“延期”、“延缓”的意思。 postpone是正式用语, 语义较强, 指“有意识地延至将来某一特定时间”, 在多数情况下, 后面说明改在何时进行, 如: The meeting has been postponed to Friday.delay 指由于干扰活阻碍使某事延迟, 如: The steamer was delayed by bad weather. defer指“决定延期至适当时期, 而且有意向将来一定继续作”, 如: Payment has been deferred until next week. put off与postpone大致同义, 但较通俗口语化, 如: Lets put this off till some other time.7. practicallyad.几乎，差不多，简直. 事实上，实际上【例句】 They had practically finished their dinner when I arrived.我到达时，他们已差不多吃完晚饭了。He was practically ignorant of this matter. 他实际上对这事一窍不通。【派生】practical a. 实践的，实际的; practicality实用性，实践性8. reference n. 提到，谈到参考，查阅【例句】 He made a brief reference to the cause of the accident in his report.他在报告中对事故的原因只是稍微提了一下。The books are for reference purpose only and should not be removed from the reading room.这些书只用作参考，不能带出阅览室。【搭配】 have a reference to和.有关; give a reference to提到, 介绍; in reference to关于; with reference to关于; make reference (to)提到, 涉及到, 参考; without reference to不管, 不顾; 和.无关【派生】refer v. 论及，参考9urgevt.催促，力劝n. 迫切要求；强烈欲望，【例句】 She urges me to take steps in the matter.她催我处理此事。 He felt a sudden urge to write a novel.他突然有一种想写小说的强烈愿望。【搭配】urge sb. to do sth劝某人做某事.; urge sth. on/upon sb. 向某人极力陈述某事; feel an urge怀有强烈的冲动; satisfy an urge满足欲望 【派生】 urgent急迫的，紧要的词组10a couple of 几个，一对，一双【例句】 It took us a couple of hours by train to reach our destination.我们乘火车花了好几个小时才到达了目的地。【扩展】a few一些; a small number of一些; a couple指一对夫妻11be lost in 专心致志于；沉湎于【例句】 She was lost in the novel she was reading so she was unaware of my entering the room.她沉浸在小说当中，根本没有察觉我走进了房间。【扩展】be absorbed in全神贯注于, 专心于; abandon oneself to沉缅于, 陷入; be immersed in专心于; be indulged in沉湎于; concentrate on集中, 全神贯注于12choke up 堵塞，（因激动等）哽得说不出话【例句】 The streets in the centre of the city were choked up with traffic.市中心的街道被车辆堵塞了。 She choked up and couldnt utter a word.他激动得一句话也说不出来。【扩展】choke back忍住，抑制; choke off强制（某人）放弃，停止13come up （尤指意想不到的）发生，出现【例句】 Ill let you know if anything comes up.如果发生什么事情，我会通知你的。【扩展】come about发生，产生; come across偶遇；碰到; come along进展，进步，进行; come by获得，得到; come down传递，传给; come in流行，时髦; come up with提出,拿出14. go by 时间逝去【例句】 As each year goes by, the economic situation gets better.经济形势一年一年地好转。【扩展】go along合作，配合; go in for对感兴趣， 参加，从事; go off爆炸; go on发生，接下去，继续; go out出走，离开，熄灭; go over复习，查看; go through经历，经受，遭到; go up涨价，上涨15. hang out 闲荡，徘徊；挂出【例句】 If you continue to hang out with that group of bad boys, youll fail in your exam.如果你继续和那帮坏孩子鬼混，你考试会不及格的。She hung out the washing on the line to dry.她把洗好的衣物挂在绳子上晾干。【扩展】 hang back犹豫，畏缩; hang on坚持，不挂断; hang off退缩，畏缩不前; hang up悬挂，挂断电话; hang in坚持不懈; hang around闲荡，悠闲地消磨时间16. keep in touch with 与保持联系，保持联络【例句】While doing the research work in America, the old professor kept it in touch with his colleagues via email.老教授在美国做科研时通过电子邮件和他的同事们保持联系。【扩展】lose touch with与失去联系; out of touch不联系，不联络; in touch联系 17. know by heart【例句】 You have to know all the music by heart if you want to be a successful musician.如果你要成为成功的音乐家，你就必须用心记住所有乐章。【扩展】 bear in mind记住 18. on ones mind 挂在心头，惦念【例句】 How to fulfill this order was still on his mind when Mr. Ford was having his holiday.福特先生在度假期间仍惦记着如何完成这份定单。【扩展】 to ones mind如某人所想，合某人的心意; out of ones mind心智失常; bring to mind使人回想起，记起句子结构1 1ight/may just as well 不妨，还是好此短语后接动词后面【例句】Since you are the top student in the class, you might as well apply for the scholarship.既然你是班上的尖子生，你不妨申请奖学金。2 as if 好像 as if一般情况下引出的从句表示的不是实际的情况，要用虚拟语气；如果as if后面的从句所表示的情况是真实的或很可能是真实的，从句的动词不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。在look, smell, sound, feel, taste后尤其如此。【例句】It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去马上要下雨了。Unit 3词汇1. accurate a. 准确的，精确的【例句】Journalists are not always accurate in what they write.记者写的东西不一定都是准确的。【搭配】accurately ad.精确地; accuracy n.精确，准确的【辨析】accurate，correct， exact，precise都含有一定的正确,精确之意 accurate 准确的，精确的，指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入，强调准确性 correct 正确的，指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则，没有错误 exact 确切的、精确的,语气较accurate强,指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差 precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密 2attitude n. 态度，看法，意见 【例句】What is the Municipal Authoritys attitude to the proposal of a tunnel across the river?市府当局对这过江隧道的提案有什么看法?【搭配】attitude toward/to对的态度; assume an attitude of采取态度3basis n. 基础，根据【例句】They charge customers on an hourly basis. 他们向顾客按钟点收费。【搭配】on . basis (=on the basis of)以为根据, 在基础上; provide a . basis for为提供根据【例句】Dont evaluate a person on the basis of appearance.不要以相貌取人。【派生】basic基本的; basically基本上, 主要地; base底，基础；基地4contact n.联系，联络，接触v. 联系，联络，使接触【例句】 Friendly contacts between different peoples facilitate the cultural and economic interchange.各国人民的友好接触促进文化和经济交流。 Ive been trying to contact you all day.我整天一直在设法与你联系。【搭配】 be in contact with和接触， 有联系; be out of contact with脱离接触， 失去联系bring into contact with使接触， 使与联系; come into (in) contact with接触， 碰上; have contact with接触到， 和有联系; lose contact with和失去联系， 离开5convey vt. 表达，转达 运送，输送【例句】 I would like to take this opportunity to convey the sincere greetings of the Chinese people to your people.我想借此机会转达中国人民对贵国人民的真诚的问候。 Your luggage will be conveyed by car from the station to your hotel.你的行李将用汽车由火车站运到旅馆。【搭配】convey sth. to向表达; convey from.to.把从转到6ensurev. 保证，担保，确保【例句】 A good sleep will ensure you quicker recovery.充足的睡眠保证你早日康复。【扩展】insure保险; assure保证，使放心【辨析】ensure, assure, guarantee, warrantensure 确定,保证确保某种行为一定会发生 ensure sth. /ensure that.assure 表示向某人保证某事一定会发生(含有让某人放心之意) assure sb. of sth /assure sb. that. guarantee 对某事物的品质或人的行为提出担保,对事物、商品等无质量,性能等方面的欺诈行为做出保证 warrant 担保,保证7. graspv. 抓住，紧紧地抱住 理解，领会，掌握【例句】 Hearing the sound, the little girl grasped her mothers hand.听到响声，小女孩紧紧地抓住母亲的手。 She could never grasp how to do it.她永远也学不会怎么做那件事情。n. 抓，紧握理解；掌握控制【例句】Im afraid my grasp of economics is rather limited.恐怕我对经济学的理解是相当有限的。【搭配】 grasp sb. by the.抓住某人身体的某个部位; beyond sb.s grasp为某人所不能及的; within sbs grasp为某人力所能及的; in the grasp of在掌握中; keep a firm grasp on抓紧; Grasp all, lose all.谚贪多必失。8. highly ad. 高度地，非常，极 【例句】 Our department store has always been very highly commended.我们的百货商店一向受到高度赞扬。He spoke very highly of her.他高度赞扬了她。【派生】high a.高的; height n.高度【辨析】 highly, highhigh和highly都可用作副词。一般来说，表示位置的“高”，用high；表示抽象概念的“高度”，用highly，修饰形容词，用highly。例如： 【例句】The plane flies high in the sky飞机在高空中飞行。 We highly praised him我们高度评价他。 9informv. 通知，告诉【例句】 The headmistress informed us that the school would be closed for one day next week.女校长告诉我们下周学校将停课一天。 【搭配】be informed of听说，接到的通知; be rightly informed得到正确的情报be wrongly informed得到错误的情报; keep . informed随时向报告情况 【派生】information n.信息; informative a. 提供消息的，增进知识的，有教益的; informed a. 有知识的，见闻广的，消息灵通的 【辨析】inform notify acquaint 都含“告知”、“通知”的意思。inform 指“以任何方式直接告知”, 如:He informed me of your decision. 他把你的决定告诉了我。notify指“官方正式通告”, 如:Weve notified our loss to the police. 我们已向警察局报告了损失情况。acquaint 指“使某人了解前所未知的事”, 如:She acquainted us with her problems. 她把她的问题告诉了我们。10. initiative n. 主动，主动权，首创精神【例句】 He likes to take the initiative in making acquaintance.他喜欢主动交朋友【搭配】have the initiative掌握主动权;，有优先权; on ones own initiative主动地; take the initiative采取主动 【派生】 initiate v.发起，开始; initiation n.开始; initiatively ad.主动地11. inquire v. 问；询问 调查【例句】 She inquired about my mothers health.她问起我母亲的健康情况。 We inquired into his story, and found it was true.我们调查了他所讲的事情,发现属实。【搭配】inquire about查问, 打听, 了解; inquire after问候; inquire into盘查, 调查; 追究 【派生】 inquiring a. 好问的；爱打听的; inquiry n. 质询, 调查 【扩展】enquire询问(=inquire); acquire获得，学到12. likelya. 可能的【例句】 The train is likely to be late.这趟火车很可能晚点。 It is very likely that he will not consent.很可能他不会同意。【搭配】It is likely that.很可能 【派生】 likelihood n.可能性 【扩展】like v. 喜欢; prep. 像; dislike v. 不喜欢; alike a. 相像的; unlike a.不同的, 不相似的；prep.不象,和不同13. proportionn. 部分，份儿 比例，比率 相称，均衡v. 使相称，使均衡，使成比例【例句】 The proportion of the population still speaking the dialect is very small.只有一小部分人还在讲这种方言。 This door is narrow in proportion to its height.这扇门就其高度的比例而言窄了些。The two windows are in admirable proportion. 这两个窗户十分协调。【搭配】in proportion匀称的，协调的; in proportion to/with与成比例，与相称; in the proportion of按的比例; out of proportion to与不相称，与不成比例【例句】The income tax increases in proportion to the amount we earn. 【派生】proportional成比例的，相称的，均衡的; proportionate成比例的 【扩展】rate比率，速度; ratio与之比 percentage百分比14. tendv. 倾向，趋向【例句】 People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。【搭配】tend to do sth. 易于做，倾向于 【派生】 tendency n.趋势，倾向 【扩展】be inclined to do sth倾向于; intend to do sth.打算做词组15bring about 引起，导致【例句】 Jealousy in a relationship is often brought about by a lack of trust.朋友间的互相猜忌经常是由于缺乏信任导致的。The accident was brought about by his carelessness.这场事故是由他的粗心造成的。 【扩展】bring along带来; bring around使转向，使恢复知觉; bring down使降价; bring forth 引发，产生; bring forward将带上前来，提出; bring home to sb. 使某人确实相信; 使某人深切感到; bring in获得，收益; bring off使实现，圆满完成; bring up提出，养育，教养16cut off 切断，中断，阻断砍掉，切掉使隔绝【例句】 They were cut off in the middle of their telephone conversation.他们电话打到一半就断线了。cut off a branch from the tree.从树上砍下一根树枝。She felt cut off from her friends when she moved.她搬家后，觉得和朋友隔绝了来往。【扩展】cut across抄近路，走捷径; cut away切除，砍掉; cut back剪枝，修剪；减少，缩小，削减; cut down砍倒；削减，减少; cut in插嘴; cut into打断（谈话或电话通话）17in terms of 从方面来说；按照，根据 【例句】 It was a terrible year in terms of business.就生意而论，这是很糟糕的一年。The event can not be explained in terms of what happened.不能按照所发生的情况来解释这件事。 【扩展】 according to依照，根据; be on speaking terms关系好; bring sb. to terms迫使某人屈服; come to terms达成协议，和解18. lie in （原因）在于 【例句】 His business failure lay in the fact that he made quite a few unwise investments recently. 他生意失败的原因在于他近年来做了许多错误的投资。19. put across 使被理解，把讲明白;【例句】 Im not putting my meaning across very well. 我未把我的意思解释清楚。【扩展】 put aside储存，留出; put away储存，把,放起来; put down 记下，写下 ；放下，按下；镇住，击败; put forward提出; put off推迟，拖延; put out生产；熄灭，扑灭; put through接通（电话）句子结构1 倍数“as many as ”,“as much as”以上结构是用来表示倍数表达的，结构是倍数+as many/much as。【例句】The house rent is expensive. Ive got about half the space I had at home and Im paying three times as much here.【扩展】 而英语中表示倍数有下列表示方法：1. times 形容词 / 副