高考英语短文改错.doc

高考英语短文改错 整理：西南大学 吴帝春 2011年全国2卷Dear George, Its been a week after we left your family and we are now 1._ back home. Thank you very much for showing them around 2._ your city and providing us for the wonderful meals. After 3 ._ we said goodbye to you, we went to Washington D.C., 4._ where we stayed for three days. My brother was so much fond 5._ of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying 6_ another couple of day. However, my father had to return to 7._ work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon. It 8 _ was really a nice experience. If youd like to make trip to 9_ our city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide. 10._ Yours, Mike 2011全国1卷One of my unforgettable memory of my school in 1_ Xinjiang is that of lunches we brought from our homes. 2 _ I hold my lunch-box in my hand when I was going to 3_ school. The smell from it was very good. Since the lunch 4._ bell finally rang, my friends and I met under a tall tree 5. _and had our lunches. My best friend Aigulie was used 6 _to share her Nang with me. Nang is a specially kind of 7 _ cake in Xinjiang. I like them very much. Now Aigulie and 8_ I study at different colleges or we can only see each other 9_ during the summer vacation. I think over her a lot and I miss 10 _ the food and the good time we had together. 2011重庆卷 Today is Sunday .Ive been in Canada for two months .This is the first time that Ive been away my family for such a 1 _ long time. With the help of Katia, a roommate of me, Ive 2_soon got used to live without my parents around. Katia,like 3_ many other Russian girls, are nice and lively. We became 4_ friends shortly after we meet each other. Although her English 5_is a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting and we 6_usually talk a lot about our own family. Were both surprised 7_that Chinese culture or Russian culture are so different. Now, 8 _ we are planning a small party for the next Sunday.There ,Katia 9_will introduce me to some of her friends,one of who has been 10_to China several times.I just cant wait. 2012重庆卷Dear Grandpa, How are you those days? I have been missing you very 76._ much after I went to college a year ago. Whenever I think of 77._ the old days, I feel wery happily. I still remember when I 78._ was child, you always held me in your arms and told me stories 79._ till I fall asleep. We often went to the fields to enjoy the pleasant 80._ view there. You told me the name of different plants and their 81._ characteristics. Cradually, I became interesting in biology 82._ and chose to leam biology when I entered into the college. Now 83._ my friend Ann, together with me, are going to do field study 84._ and the findings will be use as materials for our research. Since 85._ well do the study in our hometown, I hope to see you by then. Yours, Daisy 2012全国2卷 Dear Editor, Im writing to tell you opinion about water saving. 76._ Water is importantWe, as well as animal, cannot live 77._ without water and neither agriculture or industry can go 78._ without itYet it seemed water is becoming less and less. 79._ Many countries in the world find we dont have enough water. 80._ To deal with a problem, I think, we should first go all 81._ out to plant trees though trees will help save waterNext, no 82._ drinking water should be left runningThird, we should find 83._ways to reuse the water using in washing, especially bath 84._ water for which is quite a lot, and that will save much water. 85._ Sincerely, Li Hua 短文改错的方法短文改错方法：动词形，名词数；注意形和副；非谓动词细辨别；习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析；逻辑错误须关注。一、动词形主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. （is）Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. （are）上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。二、名词数指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. （subjects）三、 区分形和副及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. （wonderful）Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. （Unfortunately）需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。四、非谓动词细辨别这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. （interested）Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also （playing）My parents love me and will do all they can make sure （to）上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。五、习惯用法要记住主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。例如：It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and （of）We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. （of）六、句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：They eager to know everything about China and （were）I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. （which）第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。七、逻辑错误须关注与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. （their）First, let me tell you something more about myself. （去掉more） no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. （everyone）上述第一例中的主语是Smiths（史密斯夫妇俩），因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”？第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端，“我们”把电视机卖了；晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用 everyone。除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but, and, or和so的用法错误（可以归类为逻辑错误），以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：She was smiling but nodding at me. （and）It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. （or）We may be one family and live under a same roof. （the）下面是2002年全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在请你试着做一做，然后参阅题后的答案与简析。Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to EmeiMountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows，its famous 76. _Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _the mountain，the three of them we