APS机械专业第二学期.doc

1.中国近代史纲要 Outline of Chinese Modern HistoryThis course mainly introduces the Chinese history from the opium at 1840 to now, altogether more than 160 years. As a Chinese, learning about Chinese history is necessary, and the purpose of this course also lies in this. Chinese modern history is history that many generations of Chinese people struggle for rescue. From revolt the Japan Empire, to build a new China, to explore the socialist road, until now develop China in all ways, I think, the Chinese people is a hardworking, brave and great people.2.形势与政策（一、二、三、四）Situation & PolicyThis course mainly analyses the prospect of the employment and postgraduate education of present university graduates according to current social situation. For instance the teacher predicts the number and the major of us that want to take a postgraduate education and enrollment ratio of the university in last few years. By employment the teacher focus on employment directions and enterprises of our major in recent years, as well as the income and futures development etc. In this course we grasp the useful information for ourselves, and make a decision of what I will do after graduation from university.3.军事理论 Military TheoryMilitary theory is a part of military training, mainly in the form of lectures. It introduced to us the modern military theory, war concept and the necessary national defense education. For example, the problems of sovereign rights between China and other countries and so on.4.程序设计基础（C语言）Basis of C Language Programming DesignThe structured programming ideas and methods are the main points in this course. The binary(二进制) system is very important. The structured programming(结构化编程) methods include that order structure, choices structure, and cycle structure. The order structure is like an idea, it tell that every program should be step by step based on algorithms, and we learned the expression statement, function, control statement. The choice structure is based on if and switch. The cycle structure is based on for while and do-while.Here is an example showing how to compare two integer with C:#includeVoid main()int max(int x,int y);int a,b,c;scanf(“%d,%d”,&a,&b);c=max(a,b);printf(“max=%dn”,c); int max(int x,int y) Int z; If(xy)z=x;else z=y;return(z); 5.概率论与数理统计 Probability Theory & Mathematical StatisticsI learned about how to calculate the probability of a certain event. For example, there are ten balls in the box, 4 are red and the rest are blue, then the probability of grabbing 2 red ball without putting them back is P=C2-4/C2-10=(4*3/2)/(10*9/2)=2/15.6.大学物理A（一、二） College Physics ACollege physics is the continuation of high school physics knowledge, but more deeply. For example, in mechanics, it is mainly add some calculus of the formulas, for example, whats the relationship about the speed, acceleration, distance. I can give you the formulas.In this lesson , I studied mechanics , thermotics , electromagnetic , optics（光学）.MechanicsThe Newton three lawsConservation of momentumIf a system from the outside or external forces suffered the sum is zero, then the systems total momentum remains the same.Mechanical energy conservationThermoticsThermodynamic four lawsFirst of law : Energy can be neither created nor destroyed , it can only be converted from one form to another form , or to transfer from one object to other objects , in the process of conversion or transfer of its total amount of unchange.Second of law : Heat can not spontaneously flow from a colder object to a hotter object.Third of law : The absolute zero of temperature is unattainable.-273.15Heat transferHeat transfer is the transition of thermal energy from a hotter object to a colder object.ConductionConduction is the transfer of heat by direct contact of particles of matter.例子：生火加热锅炉ConvectionConvection is the transfer of heat energy between a solid surface and the liquid or gas.例子：锅炉加热水，热水传递到用户Radiation Radiation is the transfer of heat energy through empty space.例子：暖气散热Carnot cycleThe Carnot cycle when acting as a heat engine consists of the following steps:1. Reversible isothermal expansion 可逆等温膨胀of the gas at the hot temperature , Th (isothermal heat addition等温加热). During this step the expanding gas makes the piston work on the surroundings. 2. Isentropic expansion 等熵膨胀of the gas. For this step the piston and cylinder are assumed to be thermally insulated nsletd隔热的, thus they neither gain nor lose heat. The gas continues to expand working on the surroundings. The gas expansion cause it to cool to the cold temperature , Tc.3. Reversible isothermal compression of the gas at the cold temperature , Tc . Now the surroundings do work on the gas , causing quantity Q2 of heat to flow out of the gas to the low temperature reservoir.4. Isentropic compression of the gas . Once again the piston and cylinder are assumed to be thermally insulated. During this step , the surroundings do work on the gas , compressing it and causing the temperature to rise to Th. As this point the gas is in the same state as at start of step 1.Electromagnetic可以说电生磁，磁生电。例子电动机。介绍电生磁和磁生电的例子7.大学物理实验（一、二）Physical Experiment of CollegeIn this course, we did some simple physics experiments. Such as how to use a micrometer.8.基础乐理 Basic of Music TheoryListen some classical or pop music, learn basic theory about music, such as the tune, beat, rhythm of voice. And how to read music. (a piece of music,sing it)9. 民族音乐欣赏 National Music AppreciationThe teacher introduced all kinds of national instruments and representative works.Chinese bamboo flu