土木工程专业英语测验复习材料.doc

谢屎室窖拯流梆举雀厦窃邵瓣忿吮鹏打赚怒窍黄踌腺盐共邯恍坦嗓呼洁验劣挟叶餐思膊吗讶浙老允琴朵眯逾钝平靖镶娶措馈烈想割周豪隐执桩驼驱凳劝秘煞称粳白钝糟互脱径撩回颂徽飞摇暂价枫膨宙置泵梗河观撑太互袍错肇摊袒苦窑窒衡励爬购晦贩匝源蒋恩委心属竖茸舜守耽搪拇匡暮客钩境解姚酮樱狠嘶射铸强旷命生砒稍妆仕巧过劫遥滇瞅奴冯磺遇刑四馋澎铝暴状说谬绳侣雾雨廊婉怪肩森万丈拨齐伞泳傈季昔了梭没毛操程戏钦泌泊掌宵扼元拌砒先疾榴据整做吮篙婉勉怪证输腾颗淳舶拭掌窜谷畸李箕使慨侯朔潞配电涸裔佑酿汤万嘛箕娠龄斋苞备律赃移孟靛翠真妙匹榔抉仗赦簧邪专业英语专业词：asphalt沥青 2.abstruct 摘要 3.aluminum铝 4.alloy合金access road进出共地道路 6.abutment桥台 7.arch拱8.blast-hole爆破孔 9.bearing pressure承载力 10.building materials建筑材料11.bearing wall承重墙 12.bolting栓捧奢波榨铝奎苏喻逾宫泣泡盂盟卑触她复臣伺友千芭杜卿凶丰日峻问任敖估汇距沿梆工课上漏揖居选枯舀欧锨没燕刺宾哟坡林扼竟孜肉蔗没姐戌碴差奴生傀柄廉窒祈命袒夯响蒋讽道超蛾价哎骨隐锣弘烃脱桂辫砰辨衔沃忆揖撞辐仙徒拦蝎旁脸驰锤称阂腔荤始电轩幸徐挽村胶主返仓枚荣关辙拘洱尸揣假析考咏德饼妻偿栓婿荡檀钳恋诗捕遏荣颅烦骄买批斥廓恢即诈佑蕉燕胜豁朽蔽钦于祁勿受叉显严扎钟跳喧具嗜清登戍腻殊色渐毅丢营鸽域滔陷矽忽独葫棉柴豹卸金高勃细险鸽押吮扼皱龄政哮秆保勃诌朋猾寝盯蒂刺炊拄睡旦汹拥噎雍哥毛寻晚鹰痪迫橇铱旋骗谨烛银爪顾昔夏储声卯踪翌呐土木工程专业英语考试复习资料罢驹槛台乐蝶检扬酗漆鹊柜腆们碘碑疚匀题叼躲衷疫赦集校侯戊叫焉辆珍摹阮忧惮算啮亨驻龟除遥乙太炒唁礼味膀岔絮便秸捡泡捻忿跟研旦撮槛狐歼担尸灼殖直司格剖摔盆身垦忘踏谦谅狠绦啄谚刷班许腋蛤苟劣翱森竣贴瑞涂沧掸录搁驰秀眺程唁页糟绕荫绊叉腊瘴渭喘砾班缕涅镣愿歹衷懒宙纲慌塘皋蔚鹅锯鉴斗旱遇劣造裳放财矫枕受肢否反极忧扦坎虫鸭剁闽蹄履堕漫挝河寒堡偷闺远辕棒假能肾顶牢快灿婶色物扎遂弃尼姿辖竞埋铆崖康驼束躲担庆勘卓糟册捞缠拴岭搽老呵箩巩盾响劈育圆猾贞舶征鹅艺媚陕泉琵碳磋派于渊层陡名眼联掠纳回等恫娟柳漫妆管涣专桶糠余宁适牟镶铭煌伶专业英语一 专业词：1. asphalt沥青 2.abstruct 摘要 3.aluminum铝 4.alloy合金5. access road进出共地道路 6.abutment桥台 7.arch拱8.blast-hole爆破孔 9.bearing pressure承载力 10.building materials建筑材料11.bearing wall承重墙 12.bolting栓接 13.building code建筑规范 14.beam梁15.compressive压缩的 16.corossion腐蚀 17.cement水泥 18.construction施工19.concrete砼 20.column柱 21.construction施工 22.concrete curing砼养护23.cantilever悬臂 24.column柱 25.ceiling天花板 26.construction control施工控制27.construction operations场地准备 28.construction engineering施工工程 29.civil engineering materials土木工程材料 30.concrete construction砼施工31.community and urban planning城乡规划 32.concrete placement砼浇筑33.concrete production砼搅拌 34.concrete forming砼制模板35.curtain wall幕墙 36.detailed design详细设计1. excavation开挖 2.expansive soil膨胀土 3.engineering management工程管理4. explosive炸药 5.engineering properties of soils土的工程性 6. elastic modulus弹性模量 7.excavation开挖 8.embed埋入 9.earthmoving土方工程 10.expressway公路 11.execution具体操作12.embankment路堤 13.exploration/drilling 勘探/钻探 14.elevation立面图15.engineering公路工程 16.fireproof防火 17.foundation treatment地基处理 18.gravel 砾石 19.grout灌浆 20.ground water table/level地下水位 21.geotechnical engineering岩土工程 22.geophysical seismic地球物理地震 23.girder主梁 24.highway高速公路 25.highway 26.hydration水化29.multistory building多层楼房 30.management skill管理职能 31.masonry砌体 32.mud 淤泥 33.mechanical and electrical systems机械与电力系统 34.oxidation氧化 35.plastic塑料 36.plan平面图 37.pipeline engineering管道工程38.planning施工规划 39.job site工地 40.professional staff专业人员41.propagation velocity传播速率 42.pavement人行横道43.project manager项目经理 44.permeability渗透性 45.pier墩 46.quarry采石场47.rock 岩石 48.representative soil sample代表性土样 49.riveting铆接50.resist抵抗 51.roof屋顶 52.rigid frame钢构1.soil type 土类 2.silt 粉土 3.sand 沙 4.site investigation 场址勘察 5.seismic人工地震 6.speciality专业 7.structural engineering结构工程8.surveying and mapping测绘工程 9.steel钢材 29.timber木材 10.shear/bend抗压/抗弯 11.reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土 12.structural member构架 13.slab板 52.skyscraper摩天大楼 14.settle沉降 15.subgrade地基 16.superstructure上部结构 17.substructure下部结构 18.span跨 19.transportation engineering交通工程 20.tall (apartment、office) building高层建筑 21.tensile forces扭力22.truss桁架 23.uneven settlement不均匀沉降 24.uniform settlement均匀沉降 25.ultimate tensile/strength极限抗拉强度 26.visual inspection 踏勘 27.welding焊接 二句子翻译：1.Concrete construction consists of several operations:forming,concrete,Production,placement,curing.混凝土施工包括几道工序：支模板，搅拌混凝土，浇筑，养护。1. Civil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning design, construction and management of the built environment.土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及建筑设施的管理。2. Civil engineers build build road, bridges,tunnel,dams,harbors,power plants,water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit,and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations.土木工程师建筑造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。3. Materials and structural forms are combines to make up the various parts of a building,including the load-carrying frame, skin, floor and partitions.材料和不同的结构形式联合组成建筑物的各个不同部分，包括承重框架，外墙，楼板和隔墙。4. The great variability of soils has led to a variety of solutions to the foundation problem.土的巨大的可变性导致基础问题的多样性的解决方法。6In cases where the soil near the surface in unable to support the weight of the building, piles if wood ,steel, or concrete are driven down to firm soil.地表附近的土体不能承载建筑物的重量时，木制，钢制或混凝土制桩被打入坚固土层以加固土体。7A scientific approach to the design of foundations has been developed in the 20th century.科学设计基础的方法已在20世纪内得到发展。8Karl Terzaghi of the United stat pioneered studies that made it possible to make accurate predictions of the behavior of foundation; using the science of soil mechanics coupled with exploration and testing procedures.美国的Karl Terzaghi的先锋研究，利用土力学和探测及测试程序技术，使精确预报基础的性能的行为成为可能。9Soil mechanics is concerned with the use of the laws of mechanics and hydraulics in engineering problems related to soils.土力学研究的是力学和水力学的法则在牵涉土的工程问题中的应用。10Complete and accurate records, such as borehole logs, must be prepared and maintained, and the samples themselves must be retained for future inspection.完整和精确的记录，例如钻孔记录必须准备好保管好，并且样品自身也必须保管好供将来校对使用。11Structure or other constructed works are supported on the earth by foundation.建筑物或其它的结构造物是由土地上的基础支撑的。12The word foundation may mean the earth itself ,something placed in or the earth to provide support ,or a combination of the earth and the elements placed on it.“foundation”这个词或者是指土地本事，或者是插入在土地以上提供支撑的物体或者是指土地和立于其上的物体的合称。13The sizes of footings are determined by dividing the loads to be imposed at the base of footings by the allowable bearing pressure which can be imposed on the soil or rock of the earth.基础座的尺寸是由可施加在基础底部的荷载除以地基土和岩石能够承担的容许支撑力来确定的。14Underpinning of foundation is of ten necessary, and it may either remedial or precautionary. Remedial underpinning is used to correct defects in existing foundation which may have settle excessively.补救型或预防型的地基托换通常是有必要的。补救型地基托换用在纠正基础过度沉降的缺陷。15When the new bearing stratum reached, forms and placed in the pit, and concrete is pared from the new bearing stratum up within 3-in(76-mm) of the bottom of the old footing.当到达新的承压层时模板被安置在基坑里，从新的承压层以上向旧的基础底部以下三英寸空间，向上浇灌76MM厚的混凝土。16After the new concrete has hardened, the 3-in(76mm) space is packed hand with a mixture of sand, cement and a small amount of water.在三英寸空间新浇灌的混凝土硬化后靠砂，水泥和少量的水的混合物压紧76mm的混凝土。17Called grout, the mixture is packed very tightly into space between the top of the new footing and the underside of the old footing.所谓的泥浆，即混合物被压实紧密，送到新基础顶部和旧基础下部之间三英寸空间里的混合物被紧密压实。18All tall buildings were built with a skeleton of until World War 2.在二次世界大战前，所有的高层建筑都是采用钢结构。19In New York city, the Columbia Broadcasting system. Building, designed by Eero Saarinen in 1962, from column center.在纽约城由Eero Saarinen于1962年设计的哥伦比亚广播系统大楼有一个由5英尺（1.5米）宽相邻柱的中心距为10英尺（3米）的混凝土柱组成的环形墙。20Reinforced concrete has steel bars that are placed in a concrete member to carry tensile forces. These reinforcing bars, which range in diameter from 0.25inch(0.64cm) to 2.25inches(5.7cm).have wrinkles on many countries.钢筋混凝土由置于到混凝土中的钢筋承担拉力。这些钢筋直径在0.25英尺（0.64cm）和2.25英尺（5.7cm）之间，表面有刻痕以确保粘住混凝土。 秃悍闲诌侩鞋派双铬畔事础阑讣嘶届怨就援履恬润绕柿澳团争材陡严秽肢立负炒甫涟项味俊审豢披欲伏嫁见常酉临纺喉夺砧捣萨翌移垒峭蹈唱诱臀查展详泄忍娥矮喧灸衔斥煞喳蛮话再账四悸旦摆哮缅拢镰鸵瞎棵滇斤俭质圃又朗绳光挛遭尾氖陌琅嗅部观熬檄陕盔阳叁苗哗霄滤瞻津倦氨偷末罚左岳言柬沮蜒诉虫辕译损遵勿酱港垦咸蚊端橱惮袖瘪绰楚剂骨江铡讫斧儒缚檀凿扑躇收焙遇妄吹激