英文习惯用法.doc

英语习惯用法分数基数词+序数词 2/3 two-thirds 1/9 one-ninths 7/9 seven-ninths 1/2 a half or one half 1/4 a quartermake make 在相应句子中的释义：They made him leader. 他们使他成为领导。The boys trousers were made from an old pair of his fathers.用多种材料或通过提炼方式制成 用made fromMost of the money today is made of metal or paper . 用.单一材料制成用made of, I cant make out the meaning of the passage. make out :看出Youd better go and make sure what time we leave tomorrow. make sure ： 打听确定Franz wanted very much to study hard in order to make up for the lost time. make up for：补偿One must make good use of ones time. must make use of : 利用keep 的用法keep doing sth. :表示一直做某事Please keep working for about two minutes. keep at sth. 表示“继续致力于某些活动”You must keep at your studies. 继续学习keep up :保持，继续，鼓舞The bad weather kept up for several weeks.坏天气持续了几个星期。Keep up your French .youll find it helpful in your work.法文你要继续学下去，将来工作中有用。keep up my spirits 保持饱满的精神 keep sth. To himself （他）独自专用某物keep sth. from sb. 把某事瞒着不告诉他 keep out (of)意思是“使。在外”Because the trees keep out the wind.因为树木把风挡住了。Use to 和 be use toUse to： 表示过去经常，曾一度。包含“现在已经不再”的意思。I used to work in Szechuan.我以前在四川工作。 She use to come here every day .以前每天来。过去做的事，隐含现在不这样做了。He use to swim in this river,usednt he?No,he usednt .Used he to swim in this river /Did he use to swim in this river?be use to :表示“习惯于”的意思。Mr. Reed has now got used to Chinese food.里德先生已经习惯吃中国菜了。Some students are not used to speaking English in first language situations. Wether (or连用） 表示“抑或 .”， “是.还是.” I wonder wether he will go himself or send you 。 我不知道他要亲自去还是派你去Either.or. 表示：要么. 要么. ， 或者. 或者. 。并列连词用来连接两个主语从句中谓语动词的单复数由后面那个主语决定。Either the teacher or the students are wrong.不是教师错，就是学生错。Either the students or the teacher is wrong.不是学生错，就是教师错。It seemed that they must either kill some of the camels and cut them into pieces or disobey their father.Tell him to come either today or tomorrow. 叫他今天或者明天来。Except : 除.之外None of us could speak English except her .我们中除了她谁也不会讲英语。 We went nowhere except to school.Besides 除了. 但是它和except 不同，它“除了”是把它后面的人或物算在整体之内。比较:We all went except him.除他以外，我们都去了。We all went besides him .除他去了以外，我们也都去了。In spite of “尽管”, 后面一般跟一个名词，In spite of great difficulties ,he finished the work according to plan. （accord :根据，按照） 尽管困难很大，他还是按计划完成了工作。such.that. 和 so.that.一样，表示 “这样的.以致.”It was such a wonderful film that we ass wished to see it once again.它是如此精彩的电影，以致我们都还想再看一遍。 whatever “不管.什么.都.”Whatever you may say ,I wont change my mind.不管你说什么，我都不改变我主意。whenever 连接词，每当I look up a dictionary whenever I come across an interesting word. come across ： 偶遇，碰到 Because /because of 都作因为解，但用法不同：He can not go to school because of sickness.。 because of后接单词或词组。He can not go to school because he is sick. because 引导一个原因状语从句。 other than ： 除了 All parts of the house other than the windows were in good condition. 除了 窗子外，屋子的其它部分都很好。 no sooner.than ：连接词，表示的意思是“.就. ”与 as soon as 同一意义。但由于no 放在句首，句子必须倒装。no sooner had she finished reading the poem than students questions began pouring in.她一说完这首诗，学生们就迫不及待地提出了问题。 No sooner had our American visitors got off the bus than we began to chat away as old friends.我们的美国朋友一下车，我们就像老朋友似的谈起来了。No sooner had we started than it began to rain.我们一出发，天就下起雨来。As soon as he was through with with the exam ,he wet out swimming. be though with sth. 表示将某事做完，或结束了某工作他一完成考试，就去游泳了。thanks to 意为“多亏.”或“由于.”Thanks to your help we were successful.多亏你的帮助，我们成功了。The peasants are now much better off thanks to the new economic policy. 由于新的经济政策，农民现在生活好多了。while 并非表示 “在什么 的时候”。而仅是一种转折或对比。Yangling can clean the windows while Wuying tidies up the room.杨英可以搽玻璃，吴英整理房间。While i understand what you say, I cant agree with you .我理解你的话，但我不能同意。directly 意同 as soon as ，相当于一个连词，I came directly I got your notice.一接到你的电话，我就来了。Shall I get a pail of water as well? 意思同 too ,使用时，一般放句尾at allI dont know it at all. 在否定句中解释为“丝毫”，“完全”Are you going to do it at all? 在肯定或疑问句中解释为“究竟” 。你真的要去做这件事吗？all All of these machines are not made in our country.All在否定句中不作“都不”解。所有这些机器并不都是我厂造的。None of these machines are made in our factory.所有这些机器都不是我厂造的。bothBoth answers are correct.两种答案都对。Both are here. 两人都在这里。Both his brother and sister have joined the peoples liberation army .他哥哥姐姐都参加了解放军。elseWho else is coming? 还有什么人要来？No one else knows what I am going to tell you.我要告诉你的事，没有别人知道。This isnt my bag.its someone elses. 它是别人的。How else cat it be done? 这事还有别的做法吗？Get up early,(or)else you will be late for school. “要不然”，“否则”so的用法so 引起的结构，表示另一人也有上面说的那种情况，但注意只有在肯定句中能这样用。I was very fond os music and so is my sister.I hope shell be back tonight. So do I .我希望他今晚回来。 我也希望如此。as 的用法 以下各句中，as 的意思如下：1. If you have no pen ,a pencil will do as well “同样地”你如果没有钢笔，铅笔也行。2. As I was coming here, I met your brother. “当。的时候”3. She was well paid, as she had done the work well. paid pay 支付（钱，报酬等） “由于”由于她工作得好，所以薪金也高。4.He raised his voice so as to be heard “.以至于”他提高了嗓门，好让别人听到。5.Clever as you may be, you can not do that. 虽然，尽管虽然你很聪明，你也做不到那点。6.She worked in the hospital as a nurse. 作为7.The letter reads as follows. 如同信文如下 。 follow：跟随,接着do 助动词用法 代替前面提到过的重要动词。 I like reading .So does my sister.so that 与so +形容词+ that不同：前者表示目的，引导的是状语从句. 后者表示结果或程度。He opened the window so that fresh air might come in.他打开窗子，好让新鲜空气进来。He opened the window so wide that cold air rushed in.他把窗子开的这么大，以致冷空气一下子进来了。every 的一种用法The Asian game meet every four years. 亚运会每四年举行一次。There is a ticket for every 20 people.some 有时解释为“某一个” = a certain ，而不是解释为“几个”，例如I m going to visit the Great wall some time next month.（下个月某个时间）some book written by a young writer. （一个青年作家写的某一本书）eachThey each had forgotten the others name.他们把彼此的名字都忘了。many, few, a few 用于可数名词前，动词要用复数(are,were ，have）Many people are interested in fishing.A few students were late for school.much , little ,a little 用于不可数名词前，动词可用单数形式（is，was，has）Much money has been saved.(节省）There is little time left.没剩下多少时间了。Are you doing anything special?（特别的） Anything something everything nothing 修饰它的形容词均置于其后。How about = what aboutHow about a glass of beer?What about playing football now? What about going for an outing? What about的用法 后面跟名词性成分Why not go back to Anchuang for a visit ? 反诘的问法 为什么不回安庄看看？ Why spent such a lot of money? 一般问法help someone with something 帮某人做某事she often helps us with the cooking and washing.Which 可以指人，也可指物Which of you will go with me?你们当中谁与我一起去？He wrote a 5000-word letter. 5000-word 不可用复数， 意思是，写一封5000字的信。 又如：three-room, 三个房间的，five-cent , 5美分的， a three-penny stamp 一张 三便士的邮票Have to 构成疑问句时，用助动词do来实现Do you have to sell the house ?I can do nothing with the child. with 意思是“对付”，“关于”我拿这孩子没办法。 Keep 的用法There is a notice on the power line post danger,keep out!电线杆上写着危险，勿近!keep sth. + 形容词 现在分词 表示“使。保持某一状态” 介词短语 He left his window a jar to keep the air fresh.为了保持屋内空气清新，他把窗户留了一条缝。My sister added some coal to keep the fire burning .Please keep in mind that you promised to call her at two oclock.记得你曾答应两点钟给她打电话。Im sorry to have kept you waiting . 对不起，让你等了好久。She always keeps her promise. Keep： 履行（诺言等）她从不食言。We must do something to keep him from going to sleep. keep.from. :防止But at dinner that day it was hard to keep from laughing. keep from:抑制，忍住但是那天吃饭时，要忍住不笑是很难的。Keep off the grass! Keep 与off ，away连用：远离请勿践踏草地finish 的用法Tom finished talking over the telephone and looked again at Jese with an unfriendly eye. Finish 后接助动词，不能接不定式 . over可用on 代替 . eye:目光汤姆刚打完电话，以不友好的目光重新看Jese。Have you finished washing your car ?before 和 ago 均作“以前”解但 ago 用于自现在起若干时间以前的某个时刻，句中谓语动词常为过去式。 He left two month ago.She came back a moment ago. （a moment ago：刚）Before 表示从过去某个时刻起若干时间以前，因此谓语动词往往为过去完成时。He said that he had seen the film two days before.他说他在两天之前已看过这部电影。另外，before 还可单独用，只现在以前，谓语动词多用现在完成时。I have never met him before.我以前从未遇见过她。in a few minutes 表示将来时间 We knew that in a few minutes we would be with our friends at Anchuang again. 几分钟以后，不可以用afterthe year before ，与a year ago一年前，时间的立足点是故事发生时的那个时刻，即过去的某一时刻，而不是现在，如果立足点是现在，一年前就应该是 a year ago 试比较以下两句：I saw her only a few minutes ago.几分钟前我刚刚见过她。I told him I had seen her only a few minutes before. 我告诉他说我几分钟前刚刚见过她。It is no use + 动词 ing的句型，表示作某事无用。It is no use memorizing all the new word if you dont know how to use them. ju:s n. ju:z v. 要根据单词在句中作什么成分，知道这个单词的词性。据此，前面的是名词，后面的是动词。It seemed to him that it was no use trying to do anything any more. It seems (that). +从句是一个句型 ，意思是“看起来。”We were discussing where to go for an outing during the spring holidays. where to go是一个常用的词组，类似的结构还有：The old peasant showed us how to plant the fruit trees。 how to plant Ask Robert and hell tell you what to go. what to goWhen to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. When to hold在hear, see , find 等动词支配的宾语后面，可以用动词不定式，现在分词或过去分词：I have never heard him sing.我从没听见他唱歌。I heard someone singing in the next room.我听见有人正在另一间房里唱歌。I have never heard the song sung in English.我从没听见过用英语唱这首歌。I heard him cry for help.这是一个句型。类似的句型还有 see sb. do sth. watch sb. do sth. 我注视着他从店里出来。I watched him come out of the shop. Watch 后面的动词用原形，为不带to 的动词不定式。 At one place we found some people digging pits.这是一个句型，find somebody doing something ,发现某人在做某事hear 有两种，意思不同 1. hear + 人称代词 + 动词 2. hear ofI have heard him speak. 我听见过他讲话。I have heard of him.我听人家说起过他think 后面可接带形容词的复合宾语I thought the book quite interesting .我认为这本书十分有趣。 He was big and stout for his age. 就他的年纪来说He is unusually tall for a boy of eight . 对一个八岁的男孩来说。Japan is to the east of China. to 表示方向，日本在中国的东方。（没包括在这个里面）。The workers gymnasium is in the east of the city.工人体育馆位于这个城市的东面。（包含在城市这个范围里面。） It is located on the west bank of the Nile River not far from Cairo. is located := is situated 坐落于，位于 Peking university is situated in the north -western suburbs of the city. These huge stone blocks weigh an average of two and a half tons each. 这些巨大的砖块每块平均有两吨半。 each是“每个，各”的意思。Its very kind of you to ask.多蒙你好意问起（这事）。这是一个有用的句型。又如：It was stupid of him to do such a thing .他这样做是愚蠢的。 There is something wrong with my watch.Something has gone wrong with my watch. 我的表出了毛病。Nobody but John could do this.除了 John ，没人会做这件事。 = only John could do this .There was hardly any family left in the village. （几乎不 ，简直不） ( 剩下)村子里人家差不多搬走了。 We can live quite happy on $15 a week. live on 表示 “靠。生活”，“以。为主食”We live on bread and vegetables.out of ：“缺乏”，“没有”， 如 out of breath 喘不过气 out of work 失业 out of print 现在绝版 out of tea 茶用完了 out of practice 缺乏训练 believe sth. to be .是个句型，“相信.是.的”We believe these principles to be correct. 我们相信这些原则是正确的。We believe the earth to be a ball.ought to 表示“ 应该，必须” 的词还有：must ， have to ， should 用法上有细微差别，Now we must get down to some good solid work. 现在我们必须静下心来做一些好的扎实的工作。Mrs. Cox has to meet with parents. Mrs. Cox不得不见家长们。You ought to know that you owe much to Mrs. Reed. 你该知道你欠了。很多。You should have been here five minutes ago.你5 分钟前应该在这里。off The town is two miles off .城在二里之外。Farther off,there was a tall building.更远处，有一座高大的建筑。May day is only a week off.只有一星期就是“五一”节了。happened to:恰巧，正巧，后面接动词不定式One evening one of the places happened to be left uncovered. 一天晚上，一个盘子恰巧没有盖上。Yesterday I happened to find a good dictionary on sale and bought one. 昨天我正巧看到书店里卖这本字典，就买了一本。 而 It (so) happened that .与它不同，意思是“于是”，或“碰巧”。它承上启下，进一步交代情节。Three miles is not a long distance.Three miles 是复数形式，但是因它所指的是一段路程，作为一个整体概念，不是一里路一里路分成三段。在意义上仍是单数，因而，动词用单数。 三里路不是一个很长的距离。be + 一段时间 + 现在分词 ：表示 “用了多少时间做某事”。He was one whole day getting ready for the trip. 他花了一整天来准备旅行。get something done 把一件事做完做成。He got his shirt mended.他把衬衫补好了。Have.for.表示“以.作.Youll have famous painters for teachers.你将有著名画家作老师。because 和for英语中，for引导原因状语从句，其作用与because相同，但because表示“原因”的语气很强，回答why。？是全句的重心，可放在句首，也可句尾，而for表示原因往往是提供上文未交代的情况，作补充说明。引导的从句只能放在句尾，或单独成一句。比较两者不同:because :the little girl is standing round the street corner crying because she has lost her way.Because its already december,the days are much shorter.因为已经12月了，日子短得多了。for:Its getting dark early,for its december.天变黑早了，12月了。可见和上句语气是不同的。He asked for help from England and france,for he had mo money.他（哥伦布)要求英国和法国帮助，因为他没钱。for是并列连词，因为，但弱于从属连词because和since，它不能像后两者那样置于句首。For this reason :因此For this reason it is the most tropical of continents. 非洲是最炎热的大陆。means: 意为way , or method,(方法） 虽然形式上是复数，但常用作单数。The quickest means of travel is by plane. 最快的旅行方式是乘飞机。Please fill in the form the way it must be done. way: 方法 请按规定格式填写此表。Africa sits on the equator,stretching both north and south about 35 degrees.sit on 是习惯用法，“位于”非洲位于赤道上，南北各延伸约35度。 Its only a matter of time . Its a matter of . 意思是“这是。的问题”。这只是时间问题。 time 表示“.是.的几倍”This road is six times the length of that road.The square is five times the size of St.Peters in Romo.它有罗马圣彼得教堂前的广场的五倍之大。表示“次”的用法I have met him three times. （三次）When I saw him for the second time, he was already married.（表示第二次）When I saw him a second time , he was already married.（又一次）我又看见他时，如果用 a third t