英国文学史选读课件The Anglo-Saxon Period.ppt

江西科技师范大学外国语学院 PartIITheAnglo SaxonPeriod 449A D 1066A D 本章任务 让学生了解并掌握以下几个知识点 1 英国盎格鲁 撒克逊时期的文学概况 2 古英语诗歌的分类及特征 3 史诗 贝奥武甫 赏析 4 英语修辞手法头韵 抑言陈述 Contents Themakingofthenation fromthefollowingformula wecanknowthattheEnglishpeopleareofamixedblood Britons Normans Danes English AnglesSaxonsJutes I HistoricalBackground Threefamousconquests TherearethreefamousconquestsintheBritishhistorywhichhaveenormousimpactonBritishliterature 1 TheRomanConquest 55B C 410A D 2 TheAnglo SaxonConquest 449 1066 3 TheNormanConquest 1066 1485 CharacteristicsofAnglo SaxonLiterature Thereweretwoliterarydivisions onewaspaganandtheotherwasreligious Andthemainliteraryformsarepoetryandprose andpoetrywasinoralform Threecharacteristics 1 Anglo Saxonliteratureisalmostaverseliteratureinoralform Itwasonlygivenawrittenformlongafteritscomposition 2 TherearetwogroupsofEnglishpoetryinAnglo Saxonperiod pagan 世俗诗 andreligious 宗教诗 poetry PaganpoetrywasrepresentedbyBeowulfwhilereligiouspoetrywasrepresentedbytheworksofCaedmon 凯德蒙 andCynewulf 塞内武甫 3 Inthe8thcentury Anglo Saxonproseappeared ThefamousprosewritersofthatperiodwereVenerableBede 比德 andAlfredtheGreat 阿尔弗烈德大王 Anglo SaxonPoetry 1 PaganPoetry 世俗诗 Thepaganpoetry alsocalledsecularpoetry doesnotcontainanyspecificChristiandoctrineandemphasizesontheharshnessofcircumstanceandthehelplessnessofhumansbeforethepoweroffate Beowulfistherepresentative 2 ReligiousPoetry 宗教诗 ThereligiouspoetryisalsocalledChristianpoetry Itismainlyonbiblicalstoriesandsaints lives ButsometimesthereisamixtureofChristianandpaganideasinthesepoems ItisrepresentedbyCaedmonandCynewulf 1 ThePaganPoetry TheSongofBeowulf 贝奥武甫之歌 i Introduction ii Significanceof Beowulf iii PoeticFormandFeaturesof Beowulf iv Whatisanepic TheSongofBeowulf i Introduction Itscharacters Beowulf nephewofHygelacHygelac kingofYeatsinJutlandHrothgar kingoftheDanesGrendel amonsterGrendel smother she monster Introduction 2 Itsplot Beowulf sfightwiththemonsterGrendelinHrothgar shall Heorot 2 Beowulf sslayingofGrendel smotherinherlair3 Beowulf sreturntohisuncle andhissuccessiontothethrone 4 Beowulf svictoryindeath fiftyyearslater overthefiredragon TheStoryofBeowulfillustratedbythefollowing14pictures Hrothgar kingoftheDanes Heorot Themeadhall Grendel themonster BeowulfwenttohelpHrothgar ThequeenfilledBeowulf sCup BeowulftoreoffGrendel sarmandshoulder Theshe monsteralmostkilledBeowulf Beowulffinallysucceeded Beowulfruledthecountryforabout50years TheFireDragonguardedthetreasure Arunawayslavestolethetreasure BeowulfwenttofightwiththeFireDragon BeowulffoughtagainsttheFireDragon Beowulfwaswoundedanddied Theykilledthedragonandgotthetreasure ii Significanceof Beowulf Itisthelongest finestofextantoldEnglishpoems thenationalepicoftheEnglishpeople Itsingsoftheexcitingadventuresofagreatlegendaryherowhosephysicalstrengthdemonstrateshishighspiritualqualities i e hisresolutiontoservehiscountry kinsfolk histruecourage courteousconduct andhisloveofhonor Inthepoem Beowulfisstrong courageous selfless andreadytoriskhislifeinordertoridhispeopleofevilmonsters Thematically thispoemshowshowtheprimitivepeoplefightagainsttheforcesofthenaturalworldunderawise mightyleader iii PoeticFormandFeaturesof Beowulf Form Beowulfwaswritteninalliterativeverse 头韵 Features 1 Theuseofalliterationisoneofitsmoststrikingfeatures Inalliterativeverse certainstressedwordsinalinebeginwiththesameconsonantsound Thereare4stressesinalinegenerally threeortwoofwhichshowalliteration ascanbeseenfromthelinesfromtheendofthepoem ThusmadetheirmourningthemenofGreatland Fortheirhero spassing hishearth companionsQuoththatofallthekingsofearth Ofmenhewasthemildestandmostbeloved Tohiskinthekindest keenesttopraise Inmoderntranslation Featuresof Beowulf 2 Theuseofcompound words kennings toserveasmetaphors Ring giver isusedforking hearth companion forhisattendantwarriors swan sbath or whale sroad forsea sea wood forship thesoldiersarecalled shield men thechieftainsarecalledthe treasurekeepers human bodyisreferredtoas thebone house Godiscalled wonder wielder monsterisreferredtoas soul destroyer bird sjoy referstothewing sky scandle referstothesun etc Suchmetaphorsoccuringreatnumbers 3 Theuseofunderstatements 抑言陈述 oreuphemism 委婉语 Theuseofunderstatementsgivesanimpressionofreserve andattimes atingeofironicalhumor ThisqualityisoftenregardedasapermanentcharacteristicofEnglish e g nottroublesome forverywelcome neednotpraise forarighttocondemn sword play forfighting sleeping or leavinglife sfeast fordeath etc 4 ItisnotaChristianbutapaganpoem despitetheChristianflavorgiventoitbythemonasteryscribe Itistheproductofalladvancedpagancivilization Thewholepoempresentsusanall roundpictureofthetribalsocietyandChristianculture Thesocialconditionsandcustomscanbeseeninit Sothepoemhasagreatsocialsignificance iv Whatisanepic 史诗 epic heroicpoem anextendednarrativepoeminelevatedordignifiedlanguage likeHomer sIliad Odyssey Itusuallycelebratesthefeatsofoneormorelegendaryortraditionalheroes 2 TheReligiousPoetry ThereligiouspoetryisalsocalledChristianpoetry Itismainlyonbiblicalstoriesandsaints lives ButsometimesthereisamixtureofChristianandpaganideasinthesepoems ItisrepresentedbyCaedmon 凯德蒙 andCynewulf 塞内武甫 1 Caedmon 610 680 CaedmonisthefirstknownreligiouspoetofEngland HeisknownasthefatherofEnglishsong HislifestoryisvividlydescribedinBede sHistoricEcclesiastical 英格兰人教会史 HisfirstpoemiscalledTheHymnofPraise 赞美诗 Lateron Caedmoncomposedmanyotherpoemsbyusingthebiblicalmaterials 2 Cynewulf early9thCentury Cynewulflivedintheearly9thcentury ExcepttheunknowncomposerofBeowulf heisregardedasthegreatestAnglo Saxonpoet Ofhislifeweknowverylittle Hewasprobablyanecclesiastic牧师andascholar Hisnameremainedunknownuntil1840 Cynewulftookhissubjectmatterpartlyfromthechurchliturgy morelargelyfromthehomiliesofGregorytheGreat Throughoutthepoem adeeploveforChristandreverenceforVirginMaryareexpressed Anglo SaxonProse Proseliteraturedidnotshowitsappearanceuntilthe8thcentury Thereweretwofamousprosewriters VenerableBede AlfredtheGreat 1 VenerableBede 673 735 ThemostimportantofhisworksisTheEcclesiasticalHistoryoftheEnglishPeople 英格兰人教会史 ThebooknotonlytellsushowreligionwasintroducedandspreadinEnglandbutalsorecountssomehistoricaleventsofthatperiodandAnglo Saxonmythologicallegends 2 AlfredtheGreat 871 901 AlfredtheGreat kingofWessexkingdom isanotherimportantfigureinprosewritingofAnglo Saxonperiod Duringhisreign hetriedeverymeanstoimprovethestateofeducation suchasfoundingcolleges andimportingteachersfrom