英语外研版知识整合.doc

外研版 英语 必修1Module 1 My First Day at Senior HighI、重点短语联想1.be similar to和相似 be similar in和在某方面相似2.be far away from远离 by far最3.nothing like完全不像；毫不相似 nothing but仅仅 have nothing to do with和无关 anything but决不是4.in other words换言之 have a word with sb和某人交谈 in a/the word简而言之 keep ones word遵守诺言 get in a word插话 have words with sb和某人吵架 word for word逐字地5.at the start/beginning of在开始的时候 at the end of在结束的时候6.divide sth into sth把分成 separate sth from sth使分离 divide sth by sth某数除以某数 divide up sth between/among把分给7.be excited about对感到兴奋8.take part in参加 join sb in doing参加（正在进行的活动）9.look forward to doing = expect to do 盼望着做某事10.by oneself独自 of oneself自动的/自行11.be amazed at/by对大为惊奇 in amazement惊愕地 to ones amazement令人感到惊讶的是12.follow the instructions按照说明 on sbs instructions按照某人的吩咐 give sb instructions to do sth命令/吩咐某人做某事 under sbs instruction在某人的教授下 instrct sb to do sth命令某人去做某事13.an attitude to/towards对的态度、看法 Whats your attitude to/towards？你对有什么看法？14.impress sb with sth使某人对某事留下印象 impress sth on/upon sb使某人意识到 impress sth in ones memory使某人铭记某事 be impressed by/at/with为所感动；对有印象 impress sth on sth盖（印）于 leave/have/take a good impression on sb给某人留下好的印象15.cover sth with sth用盖住 cover sth up遮盖；隐瞒 be covered with用覆盖/盖满 cover an area of占地面积为 cover a lot of ground走很长的路 cover the event采访这件事 under cover隐藏着，在隐蔽处 from cover to cover从头到尾16.encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事 discourage sb from doing sth阻拦/劝阻某人做某事II、词义辨析1.instruction/direction（1）instruction做“说明”时，是详细的，需要一步步比较繁琐的解说的说明（2）direction是“指示”，一般一两句话就能交代清楚的简单“说明”2.divide/separate（1）divide侧重于把原来的整体分成若干部分，常与介词between , among , by ,into搭配（2）separate指把原来连在一起的或靠近的人或物分离开来的，多与介词from, by一起搭配Module 2 My New TeacherI、重点短语联想1.at present = at the stage of being = at the present time现在；当前2.take/have a look看一眼；看一看 take on雇用；呈现 take in欺骗；吸入 take over接管 take apart拆开；拆卸 take after（行为，外表等）与相像3.a couple of things几件事；三两件事4.fall asleep睡觉 a deep/sound/fast sleep熟睡；酣睡 half asleep半梦半醒5.become/get excited变得激动 get through to sb使某人明白 get along/on with与相处 get around四处走动；（消息等的）传开 get down to doing开始认真做 get through通过完成6.be true of适用于 come true（愿望；梦想等）实现 be true to life逼真的；栩栩如生的7.have trouble/difficulty with有某方面的麻烦 have some trouble in doing在做方面有困难8.be relaxed with和相处轻松（随意）9.as a result结果 as a result/consequence of由于的原因 result in导致 result from由于而发生 without result毫无结果；白费10.be patient with对有耐心 lose patience with对失去信心 have the patience to do sth有耐心做某事 be patient/tolerant of忍耐某事 with patience耐心地 not have much patience doing迫不及待做11.apperciate ones doing sth欣赏/感激某人做某事 I would appreciate it if如果，我将不胜感激12.admit sth承认（事实、过失） admit doing sth/having done sth承认做/已经做了某事 admit that承认 admit sb/sth to be承认某人/事是 admit sb/sth to/into接纳某人（物）进入，吸收某人（物）参加；许可进入 admit of sth准许，留有余地 sb be admitted to接受某人（入学、入院等）13.respect sb/sth for sth因某事尊敬或敬重某人（某物） respect oneself自尊；自重 show/have respect for对表示尊重，尊敬 out of ones respect出于对的尊敬 give/send ones respects to代某人向问好 in respect of/to关于，就而言 with respect to关于一事；就而言 in all/every respects在各个方面Module 3 My First Ride on a TrainI、重点短语联想1.take off脱掉；起飞 take up占据（时间、空间等） take on呈现；雇用 take sth seriously认真对待2.in the distance在远方 at a distance在远处 keep sb at a distance与某人保持距离；不与某人亲近 keep ones distance from与保持一定距离 be distant towards sb对某人冷淡 be distant from离远3.look like看起来像 look back to/upon回忆；回顾 never look back蒸蒸日上；越来越成功4.at midnight在午夜 at noon在正午 in the evening在傍晚5.be short for是缩写 in short总而言之；简单地说 cut/put in打断（谈话）；插嘴6.out of date过期 up to date时髦；流行 date back to追溯到 to date迄今为止7.at the speed of以的速度 pick up speed加速 at full/top speed全速；以最高速度 with speed迅速地8.not any more不再 no more than和一样不 not any longer不再9.abandon sb遗弃某人 abandon sth背弃/放弃某物/事 abandon oneself to sth沉溺于 with abandon放任地，纵情地10.be away on a journey在旅行中 go on a journey去旅行 have a good/pleasant journey一路顺风 make a journey to到旅行11.frighten sb into doing吓得某人做某事 frighten sb out of doing sth吓得某人不做某事 be frightened at/by对害怕；被吓坏了 be frightened to do做而害怕 II、词义辨析1.abandon/desert/quit（1）abandon强调“完全、永远地遗弃”，尤其是指遗弃以前感兴趣或负有责任的人或物（2）desert强调“违背誓言、命令、责任、义务等”（3）强调“突然或不经意地弃去”，常指“停止”2.scenery/scene/sight/view（1）scenery风景，景色，舞台布景，不可数名词。某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色（2）scene景色，可数名词。常指自然景色，但多包括了其中的任务活动（3）sight光景、景观。既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，又可以指名声、风景，此时必须要用复数（4）view景色。指从远处或窗外看到的视野范围内的风景；观点，看法Module 4 A Social Survey-My NeighbourhoodI、重点短语联想1.know about/of了解；知道 as far as I know据我所知 know sb/sth well对很熟悉 know nothing about对一无所知2.in the past在过去3.pay back归还；报复 pay off还清；付清 pay into把（钱）存入（银行） pay for支付4.on the coast在海滨 by the seaside在海滨 on the other side of the water在水的另一边5.bother sb with/about拿某事来烦扰某人 bother about/with为某事而烦恼；为某事而费心 it bothers sb that/to do sth使某人苦恼的是 bother to do/doing sth操心做某事 be bothered about sb认为某人/事重要 have no/much/little bother in doing sth做某事不费力/很费力/几乎不费力6.approach sb on/about sth为某事与某人打交道 be easy of approach容易接近；交通方便 make approaches to sb想接近认识某人 approach to sth的方法 at the approach of在来临的时候7.exchange sth with sb与某人交换某物 exchange sth for以交换某物 in exchange for交换；互换 have/make an exchange of用交换8.survive sth the earthquake从地震中生还 survive sb by比活得长几年 survive from从幸存下来 survive on靠维持生活；靠存活下来II、词义辨析1.approach/way/means/method（1）approach侧重于待人接物或思考问题的方式；the approach to doing sth做某事的方法（2）way为方式、方法、途径的一般用语；the way to do/of doing做某事的方法（3）means指可得到结果的方法；the means of doing sth做某事的方法（4）method指有规律的、有条理的做法；the method of doing sth做某事的方法（5）与介词的搭配：with this method in this way by this meansModule 5 A Lesson in a LabI、重点短语联想1.add sth to sth给增加 add to sth增添 add up to总计，总共 add that补充说2.at the bottom of在的底部 from the bottom of ones heart从心底里；由衷地3.be proud of对感到自豪；骄傲 take pride in以为自豪4.be supposed to be理应；被认为是 I suppose so我看可以5.place/put sth in order按顺序摆放 in order整齐，条理 out of order次序颠倒 place an order订货；下订单6.think of考虑；想到 think up想出（主意等） think over仔细考虑 think twice再三考虑；慎重思考7.come up with突然想起8.from that momnet从那一刻起 from then on从那时起 from now on从现在起9.in turn轮流 by turns轮流地；依次 take turns to do sth轮流做 turn out to be结果是 turn down调低；拒绝 turn up调高；出现10.react with与发生反应 react to对作出反应 react against反抗；反对 react on/upon对有影响11.come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion得出结论 bring sth to a conclusion使结束 in conclusion总而言之 to conclude最后一句话；总而言之 conclude sth from sth经推理相信某事 conclude sth with sb与某人达成协定12.achieve ones aim达到目标 miss ones aim达不到目的；打不中目标 take aim at瞄准；对准 aim at/be aimed at瞄准，对准；目标在于 aim ones gun at把枪瞄准 without aim无目的地；无目标地13.ordianry-looking相貌平平 out of the ordianry不寻常的；例外的 in the ordinary way一般；通常 in the ordinary course of events在一般情况下14.form the habit of养成的习惯 form into组成；编成 form from由组成；用构成 form in line排好队 in/take the form of以/采取形式；呈状态 fill in/out a form填表格 be in/out of form（竞技）状态良好/不好15.keep ones balance保持平衡 lose ones balance失去平衡（动作） be out of balance失去平衡（状态） on/in balance权衡起来；总的来说 hold the balance掌握决定权；举足轻重 keep a balance between A and B在A与B之间保持平衡 balance A against B权衡比较A与BModule 6 The Internet and TelecommunicationsI、重点短语联想1.be known as作为而出名 be famous for因而出名 be known to sb为某人所熟知2.go down经受；经历 go without没有而度过 go through经历；经受 go under（企业）破产，倒闭 go up增多；涨价3.personal computer个人电脑4.click on用鼠标点击5.consist of = be composed of = be made up of由组成 consist in在于，存在于 consist with与一致，并存，并立 be consistent with与一致6.compared with/to与相比7. log on注册 log off注销8.hesitate to do sth不愿意做某事 be willing to de sth愿意做某事9.be easy/hard of access容易/难接近 access to接近的机会，进入的权利 have/get/gain/obtain access to得以接近，得以会见，得以进入 give access to接见，准许进入 be accessible to易接近的；能进入的；易受影响的；可以理解的10.design sth for sth为设计；为拟定 design to do sth打算干某事 be designed for/to do sth打算给用的；目的是 by design = on purpose有意地，故意地II、词义辨析1.contain/include（1）contain通常用来指某种容器中盛有某物、装有某物，还指某种物质中含有某成分或含有其他物质。指作为组成部分而被包含或容纳在内（2）include通常表示指某事物作为其中的一部分包含在内.必修2Module 1 Our Body and Healthy HabitsI、重点短语联想1.put sth into投入 put sth aside储存 put down镇压；记下 put sth away收拾起来2.have a fever/temperature发烧 take ones temperature量的体温3.pay for为付钱；支付 pay off还清 pay back偿还 pay rise加薪4.have a sweet tooth喜欢甜食5.lose weight减肥 put on weight增加体重 under the weight of在的重压之下6.be crazy about/on对着迷 like crazy飞快地；拼命地 get/become crazy变疯 be carzy for渴望得到某物；迷上某人 be crazy to do sth做某事很愚蠢；做某事真是疯狂 drive sb crazy逼得某人发疯，害的某人精神失常7.start/begin with以开始 end up with以结束8.make sure确保 be sure of/that相信 be sure of yourself有自信心 sure thing当然；没问题 sure enough果真，果然 be sure about对有把握 be sure to do肯定会，务必会9.be off work休假 get down to work开始认真工作 be at work有工作10.be on a diet节食，减肥 go on a diet节食 put sb on a diet节食，减肥11.be fit for适合；胜任 be fit to do适合干 keep/stay fit保持健康 It is fit for sb to do sth/that-clause某人做是值得的/合适的 fit sth to sth使与相符合 fit on装上；试穿 fit in with安排时间见某人；适应；相处融洽 fit out装备；配备12.be anxious for/about sth为担心（忧虑） be anxious/eager for渴望得到 with anxiety焦虑地13.injure sbs pride伤害某人自尊心 do sb an injury = do an injury to sb使某人受伤害14.It is normal for sb to do sth某人干是正常的 above/below normal标准以上/以下 restore/return/back to normal恢复正常15.come into ones head = enter ones head（想法等）浮现脑海 keep ones head保持冷静；不慌不忙 lose ones head慌神，失去自制；惊慌失措 hit sb on the head打某人的头部 head for/towards朝方向去；遭受，面临II、词义辨析1.diet/food（1）diet指的是习惯的食物或规定的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物。可数名词，常与不定冠词a连用（2）food一般用法，凡能吃喝的具有营养的东西都称food。不可数名词，但表示食品的种类时，可以用复数2.fit/match/suit（1）fit指大小、尺寸、形状合适，引申为“吻合，协调”（2）match多指大小、颜色、式样、性质等相一致；匹配（3）suit指颜色、式样、需要、口味、条件、地位、衣着使人看上去有吸引力，用于比喻意义时多用suit3.injure/wound/hurt（1）injure通常指人在意外事故中受到的伤害，如由机器造成的或在运动中受到的伤害（2）wound指用利器或子弹对肉体造成的故意伤害，常与作战及战争有关（3）hurt除了指肉体上的伤害还可以指精神上的伤害，也可指比较轻的疼痛Module 2 No DrugsI、重点短语联想1.share sth with sb与某人分享某物 share in分享/分担 share out分配，均分2.follow/accept/take ones advice接受某人的建议 in the days that followed接下来的日子 as follows如下 follow ones example以某人为榜样3.make a phone call打电话 phone/call/ring sb给某人打电话 ring/call sb back回电话 ring off = hang off = hang up挂断电话 ring/call sb up给打电话 ring/hold on别挂断 give sb a ring点电话；给某人戒指4.instead of代替；而不是 in place of代替 in/take ones place代替某人5.give up放弃 give in屈服；让步 give out分发；发出（光热等） give away捐赠；泄露6.break in闯入 break into闯入房间等 break out战争爆发 break through突破，突围 break off弄断 break down分解；抛锚 break away from挣脱 break up拆散7.do/make a class survey进行班级调查 do up系上 do without没有也行；凑合 both will do两个都行8.die of死于 die off相继死去 die away（声风光等）慢慢变弱 die out灭绝9.addict oneself to沉溺于；醉心于 be/become/get addicted to沉迷于；热爱；迷上10.be in danger of有危险 be in danger处于危险中 out of danger脱离危险 face dangers面对危险的事物 be a danger to对构成威胁；对危险 risk danger冒险 run a danger of冒着的危险11.reduce sth to sth把减少到 reduce sth by sth把减少了 be reduced to despair陷入绝望 reduce oneself into陷入地步12.be affected by被侵袭，被感动 be affected by heat中暑 have an effect/influence/impact on/upon对有影响13.recognize sb/sth认出某人；识别出某物 recognize sth as sth承认是，认出是 recognize sth to be承认是 be recognized as公认是，认可是，赞成 It is recognized that人们意识到II、词义辨析1.likely/possible/probable（1）likely侧重从表面看某事很有可能发生，与probable意思相近。既可以用人也可以用物做主语。常用句式为“It is likely that + 从句”或“sb be likely to do sth”（2）possible强调客观上的可能性，但也常暗示“实际上希望很小”。常用句式“It is possible for sb to do sth”或“It is possible that从句”。作表语时不能用人作主语（3）probable主要用来指有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物，带有“大概，很可能”的意味，语气比possible强。常用句式“It is probable that + 从句”。作表语时不能用人作主语。2.affect/effect/influence（1）affect不用作名词，指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”，着重“影响”的动作，常含有“对产生不利影响”（2）effect作“影响”讲时，通常用作名词，构成have an effect on“对有影响”effect作动词时，指“使（某事物）产生；使发生；引起”着重“造成”一种特殊的效果（3）influence指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易察觉到大的、潜移默化的影响”3.recognize/know（1）recognize指把原来认识的人/物再次“辨认出”，是非延续性动词（2）know“认识并熟悉某人/物”，是延续性动词Module 3 MusicI、重点短语联想1.be impressed with/by对留下印象 impress sth on sb向某人强调的重要性 be under the impresssion原以为 first impression第一印象2.split up分裂，分隔3.take/make a note of记录 note/write/take/put down写下，记下4.all kinds/sorts of = a variety of各种各样 nothing of the/that kind完全不是那样5.of all time有史以来 all the time一直；始终 at times有时 at all times随时 ahead of time提前6.change into变成 change ones mind改变主意 for a change作为替换；为了换个口味 change sth for sth用换 change sth with sb与某人交换 get changed换装7.go deaf变聋 go bad变质8.download music from the Internet从网上下载音乐9.the power cut断电，停电10.have a beautiful singing voice有着优美的会唱歌的嗓子11.lose/face/heart/weight丢面子/灰心，泄气/减肥 lose ones way = be/get lost迷路 lose ones job/balance/sight/temper/footing失业/失衡/丧失视力/发脾气/失足 lose oneself in sth/be lost in sth专心致志于某事 lost in thought陷入沉思 lose ones heart to喜欢上/爱上 be at a loss困惑；不知所措12.be composed of由组成 compose oneself使自己镇定下来 compose a poem/写一首诗 compose ones thoughts/passions镇定思绪/情绪 keep/lose/recover your composure保持/失去/恢复镇静13.keep a record of把记录下来 break/beat/cut the record打破纪录 set/make/create a record创造记录 hold the record保持记录 make/play a record制作/播放唱片 in record有记录在案 on record记录在案的；公开说过的 It is recorded that据记录14.mix sth with sth把与混合，使与结合、调合 mix with与有来往；混合 mix up混淆，弄混 mix sth into sth使与混和II、词义辨析1.lost/missing/gone（1）lost失去的，无法再找到的，另外还有“迷路的，困惑的”等含义，可作定语、表语（2）missing丢失的，暂时不在或找不到的，另外还有“被损毁的，缺少的，失踪的”等意思，可作定语、表语（3）gone失去的，强调时间、情况等一去不复返，只可以做表语2.go/become/grow/turn（1）go由好变坏，由正常情况变成特殊情况，常接表示贬义或颜色的形容词（2）become（get）可指由好变坏也可指有坏变好，强调变化过程的完成（3）grow逐渐变成新状态，强调过程（4）turn成为完全不同的事物，强调变化的结果。Turn后跟名词时，名词前不加冠词Module 4 Fine Arts-Western , Chinese and Pop ArtsI、重点短语联想1.be/get tired of对厌烦 be bored with对厌倦 be tired out精疲力竭，十分疲劳2.be fond of喜欢 be likely to很可能3.tell by从可以看出 tell apart分辨 tell me another我不信，哪有这种事 tell sb straight直率地告诉某人4.by/take turns轮流 in turn轮流；依次；反过来 a hands turn举手之劳 turn up出现，露面 turn down拒绝5.a series of一系列的 a string of一连串的；一系列的 a set of一套的6.develop an interst in培养对的兴趣 develop a habit of养成一个的习惯7.make of sth理解；认为怎么样 make sense of理解8.stay alive活下去 come alive变得有趣、有生气、逼真、活跃起来 keep sth/sb alive使继续有效、存在9.observe sb do sth看到某人做过某事 observe sb doing sth看到某人正在做某事 observe a rule遵守规则 observe Christmas庆祝圣诞节 observe that说；注意到 observe on/upon评论10.adopt an idea/plan采纳意见/计划 adopt a son收养一个儿子 adopted words外来词11.stand still站着不动 stand by袖手旁观；支持（某人） stand on ones hands/head用手/头支撑倒立 stand for代表，象征 stand out显眼，突出 cant stand sth/doing sth不能忍受做某事 take ones stand站在立场II、词义辨析1.alive/lively/live/living（1）alive是表语形容词，可用于修饰人或物，作表语、后置定语、宾语，不可作前置定语。若alive本身有修饰语，也可以作前置定语（2）lively是形容词，意为“活泼的，生动的，有生机的”，也可指人、物，作定语、表语、宾语补足语（3）live是形容词，意为“活的，活生生的，现场直播的”作前置定语，只修饰物不可修饰人（4）living是形容词，意为“有生命的，活的，健在的”可修饰人或物，作表语和前置定语。还可用作比喻义“活像；活生生的”等意义2.adpot/adapt（1）adopt表示“采纳（意见/计划/方法）采用，收养”（2）adopt表示“适应”常有adapt oneself to表示“适应”，表示“修改（为之用）”时常用adopt sth for useModule 5 Newspaper and MagazinesI、重点短语联想1.in total总计，总共 a total of总共 total up求的总数；把相加2.believe in信任；信仰 beyond belief难以置信 believe it or not信不信由你3.be similar to和相似 be similar in和在相似4.all over the country全国 talk about sth over tea边喝茶边谈论5.be delighted to do高兴做 to ones delight令某人高兴的是 take delight in doing以做某事为乐6.more or less或多或少 no less than不少于；多达 nothing less than简直是7.offer/send ones congratulationgs to sb on sth为某事向某人祝贺 accept ones congratulations接受某人的祝贺 express ones congratulations表示庆贺 congratulate sb on doing sth向祝贺 congratulate oneself on为庆幸，感到自豪8.go aboard登机 All aboard请大家上船 Welcome aboard欢迎乘坐 on aboard搭乘9.replace sth with/by sth用替换，以接替 replace sth on sp把某物重新放在某地 in place of = in ones place代替 take ones place = take the place of代替10.give/show/hear evidence of证明；说明；表明 give no evidence of没有的迹象 in evidence看得见；到场；明显的，显而易见的 call sb in evidence叫某人来作证 evidence for/of a conclusion结论的根据 Its evdient that很明显II、词义辨析1.now that/as/since/because/for（1）now that既然，由于，用来引导原因状语从句，that可省略。now that指显示存在、双方都说明了的原因，相当于since（2）as表原因，主句和从句并重，从句说明原因，主句说明结果（3）since因为，既然，侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已知的原因（4）because表示直接的原因，回答why的提问，还可引导表语从句表示原因，强调原因时，一般用because，because引导多放在主句之后（5）for因为，由于，表示附加或推断的理由，for为并列连词，引导的分句前有逗号，for分句不放于句首Module 6 Films and TV ProgrammesI、重点短语联想1.be in love with爱上；喜欢（状态） fall in love爱上；喜欢（动作）2.play a part in在中扮演角色 play a role in在扮演角色3.to ones surprise令人吃惊的是 much to ones surprise = to ones great surprise使某人感到十分吃惊的是 in surprise吃惊地 take sb by surprise出乎意料 be a surprise to sb对某人来说是件吃惊的事 be surprised at sth对感到吃惊 be surprised to do sth做感到吃惊4.a man of character有个性的人，有骨气的人 a leading character主角 in character符合某人的性格 out of character不符合某人的性格 get a good character得到好名声5.show/lose interest in表现出/失去对的兴趣 have no interest in对没有多少兴趣 with interest有兴趣地 in the interests of为了的利益 the public interest公共利益 be interested in对感兴趣6.on occasion有时 on one occasion曾经，有一个时候 on the occasion of在的时候，值此之际7.argue with sb about/over sth与某人争论某事 argue for/against为赞成/反对而力争 argue sb into/out of doing sth说服某人做某事/不做某事 argue sb down驳倒某人8.entertain sb to sth用招待/款待某人 entertain sb with sth用使某人快乐 find an entertainment in以为乐必修3Module 1 EuropeI、重点短语联想1.off the coast of离海岸不远 on the coast of在海岸 along the coast of沿着海岸2.because of = as a result of = owing to =due to = on account of = thanks to 因为，由于3.ever since自从一直 long since很久以前；早已4.in terms of据；依照 according to根据；依照 in the long/short terms就长期/短期而言come to terms = make terms达成协议，和好 bring sb to terms使某人接受条件 be on good terms with sb与某人交情好5.have control over/of对加以控制 under contorl在控制之下 gain/get/take control of取得对的控制6.of all time有史以来 all the time一直；始终 at times有时；偶尔 at one time一度；曾经 at a time一次 from time to time有时 at any time随时7.in common共同 in common with和相同 common pracice惯例 common sense常识8.compared with/to与相比较 compare notes交换意见 by comparison相比之下 in comparison with/to与相比9.face the facts面对困难 be faced with面临，面对 make a face/faces at sb向某人做鬼脸 in the face of面临；在面前 save/lose ones face挽回/失去面子10.range from