李勤论文定稿范文.doc

李勤论文定稿范文 本科生毕业论文（设计）题目浅析英语教学中学生词汇记忆能力的培养On Cultivationof StudentsAbility to Memorize Vocabulary姓名李勤学院外国语学院专业英语班级本学号指导教师陆宗丽职称讲师年月日安徽科技学院教务处制On Cultivationof StudentsAbility toMemorize VocabularyBy LiQin Supervisedby LuZongli InPartial Fulfillmentof theRequirement forthe B.A.Degree Schoolof ForeignLanguages AnhuiScience andTechnology UniversityJunexxi AbstractAs weall know,no matterwhat islearned,memorization is the most important in the learningprocess.English is a language.When humanlearns it,a lotof thingsneed tobe rememberedsuch asgrammar,vocabulary andso on.There is nothing moreimportant thanwords forEnglish learners.The keyto learn English wellis tomaster a large number of English words.However,how to remember English words quicklyand firmlyhas beenbeing abig problem.Some studentsmay losethe interestto learnEnglish forthey fail to memorize words.In order to help students solvethis problem,English teachers should pay attention to cultivate studentsability tobear in mind vocabularyfast in the process of Englishteaching.This thesisemphasizes thecultivation of ability to mit words to memory in English class.In addition,this thesis applies informationsearch,literature reviewand theoreticalanalysis methods.Based on the introductionof manyspecial methods of learning English wordsput forwardby researchersat homeand abroad,four goodqualities of memory arestated,such asquickness,correctness,persistence and extractability.Based on the analysisof thesequalities,this paperpresents aseries ofstrategies to improve theability mentionedabove,and from the aspects of theorysystematically analysesand summarizeshow tofoster theword memory in Englishteaching.These strategiesinclude trainingstudentsability ofultra-short-term-memory,teaching studentsscientific methods to memorize vocabulary andteaching themmethods ofconsolidating vocabulary.The finalaim ofthis paperis to improve studentsmemorization andmake itnot difficultfor students to memorize English words.Key words:Vocabulary memorization;Qualities of memorization;Strategies of memorization ii中文摘要众所周知，不论学习什么，记忆力都是至关重要的，尤其是在英语学习的过程中。 英语是一门语言，学习的过程中需要记忆大量的内容。 词汇对于语言学习者来说非常重要。 因此要想学好英语首先要掌握大量的词汇。 然而英语单词的记忆则一直是学生学习英语所面临的重大难题。 有些学生因记不住单词而失去了英语学习的兴趣。 为了帮助学生快速记忆英语词汇，教师们应该在英语教学中注重培养学生单词记忆的能力。 本文强调英语教学中学生单词记忆能力的培养，采用资料查找法、文献综述法和理论分析法，在介绍目前国内外所提出的特殊单词记忆法的基础上，阐述了记忆力的四大优秀品质即记忆的敏捷性，准确性，持久性及提取性。 根据记忆的这些优秀品质，本文提出了一系列的培养词汇记忆力的策略，从理论方面对在英语教学中如何培养学生单词记忆能力进行系统分析与总结探讨。 这些培养策略包括训练学生单词瞬间记忆能力，传授学生科学有效的词汇记忆的方法和词汇巩固的方法。 本文的最终目的是使学生的记忆力得到提高，使记忆单词不再是学生英语学习中的难题。 (1991)raises hiseducational theorythat vocabulary influences understandingand application of English.The numberof wordsmastered directlyinfluences studentslearning effectof English.But memorizingwords hasalways beena majorproblem Englishlearners arefacing.The problemis thatwordsareremembered slowly,but forgottensoon;the latterwords maybe memorized,the formerforgotten.How to solve the problem hasalways beenpaid closeattention toby educators,researchers andEnglish teachers.How toimprove studentsword memorizationin Englishlearningis oneof the majorproblems the current researchfocuses on.It is necessary forEnglish teachersto getrid of the conceptionthat teachingwords isjust teachingwords.When English teachers teachtheir studentsvocabulary,teachers not only tellthem wordsmeanings andusage,but alsoteach studentshow tobear in mind wordsquickly,payattention to developstudentsword memory ability.This thesis is writtenfrom thepoint ofviewofcultivating theability to remember words.The paperis dividedinto fivechapters.Chapter oneintroduces thepurposes andsignificanceof theresearch,the maincontents andresearch methods.International and domestic researcheson improvingwords memorizationare explainedin chaptertwo.Chapter threemainly analysesqualities of memory:quickness,correctness,persistence andextractability.Based onthe previousdiscussion,chapter fourputs forwardeffective strategies toimprovestudentsability to memorize English vocabulary.This chapterincludes threeparts.The firstpart discusses how to train studentsability ofultra-short-term-memory in Englishclass teaching.The secondpart discussessome specialand scientificmethodstoremember words,including phoicmethod,classification method and wordformation method.The lastpart ofchapter fourdiscusseshow to consolidatewords based on3Ebbinghaus forgottenlaw(Ebbinghaus,1885).Chapter fivebrings the thesis toan endand previewsand summarizesthe discussionof thewhole thesis.1.3Research MethodsResearch methodsadopted in thestudyare mainlyliterature reviewand theoreticalanalysis methods.Literature reviewmethod isnamely akind ofresearchmethodto collectmaterials and information and then analyze and explain the materials.Literature reviewaims to review thecurrent researchresults on wordmemoryas well as theoreticalcontributions toa particulartopic.The discussionof thethesisisbased onthe previousresearch andstudy.By collecting,directly andindirectly citingand analyzing the materials andinformationof previousresearches prehensivelyand objectively,thethesistries tosummarize somespecial waystomemorizewords.Theoretical analysisis anact ofanalyzingthematerialsandinformation collectedin advanceand thenfinding outthe keyto theproblem andpointing outspecific strategiestosolve.Based onthis researchmethod,this paperstates thatit isnot easy for students to finishthe tasktoremember words mainlybecause theydo notfind rightand scientificmeans tomemorizevocabulary.As for this reason,this thesisputs forwardsome specificwaystosolve theproblem.4Chapter2Literature ReviewIt isknown tous all,a scientificresearch isnecessarily basedon scientifictheories andsolid practice.This thesisaims tostudy how English teachershelp studentsimprove theirability toremember words in Englishclass teaching.It isnot difficultto discoverthat sofar,many internationalanddomesticresearchers have been studyinghow toimprove humans memorization.Most of them alsomake greatcontributions tothis field.This chapterteases outthecurrentresearch situationof improvingEnglishlearnersword memorizationof English.2.1International ResearchesA distinguishedinternational masterof memory,Harry Lorraine (1991)stated thatmemorization methodscan bemastered byeverypersonwith trainingand masteringgood tipsand ways of memory;human ishardly bornwith good memory thatcan beimproved.American putsforward superlong learningmemorization method,whose coreis to develop mans brain and potentialby adjustingbrainandbody.This memory method isbriefly calledthe developmentof psychosomaticmethodand the overallmemory methodof learning and memoryin SupernormalLaw andSpecific Functionof Learningand Memory(Ostrander,1991).In19th century,Germany psychologist,Ebbinghaus raisedEbbinghausForgetting Curve,revealing theregular patternof forgetting:first fast,soon slow.The lawrequires usto payattention to the tipsand waysofmemorization and consolidatevocabularyintime.2.2Domestic ResearchesSince theearly1980s,alargenumberofChinese teachersand researchershavebeenpaying closeattentiontohow tohelp Englishlearners solvetheproblemof Englishvocabulary memorization.So far,many valuablestrategies forEnglishword memorization emergeas thetimes require.The methodof logicalmemory of Englishvocabularyarises(Li Xuezhi,xx).This methodof logicalmemory usesthe learnedvocabulary,experience andextensive knowledgeto enlightenstudentslogical thinkingability.Inxx,Liu Huayanmade apreliminary explorationonthe methods ofEnglishwordmemoryin the article,“The ExplorationofEnglishWord MemoryMethod”,helping studentsstep outof theerroneous zoneof wordmemory.Whats more,in thenext year,Lu Aifangpublished herpaper,the Applicationof theSchema Theoryin the“Strange VocabularyAssociation MemoryMethod”.She madea researchinto strangevocabulary associationmemory method.It isan emergingmemory methodof words.The basis of itstheory is that the more afact isassociated withother factsin theheart,the betterit can be rememberedin yourheart.Inxx,in theW orlds5Best MemoryMethod aMind MapZeng Naraised thebrainstorming methodof memory that ispopular in thewholeworld.Inxx,another scholar,Yang Taodiscussed associativememory method.He discoveredthat the memorymethodis the most effectiveway toremember vocabularyby experimentalmethod,observational methodand contrastmethod,etc.From theabove discussion,we cansee thatalthough researchesonwordmemory aremany,those onhow Englishteachers improvestudentsability tomemorizewordsin Englishclassteachingare rare.Most of the researchesfocus onmemory methods，not allowingfor characteristics of wordsthemselves.Therefore this thesis analyzeshow teachershelp theirstudents torememberwordseffectively onthe basis ofthecharacteristics ofvocabulary itselfafter thepaper analyzesfour goodqualities of memory.Remembering aword doesnot meanthat vocabularytask ispleted suessfully.If wedo notmake systematicaland scientificstrategiestoconsolidate the words wehavelearnedand remembered,these wordsare forgotteneasily.As aresult,basedonEbbinghausForgotten Law,this paperalso pointsout someconsolidating-word methods.6Chapter3Qualities ofGood MemoryAording toSun Wanzhen (1988),it isknown thatmemory hasdifferent definitionsfrom differentpoints ofview.Compared tofeelings,memory has the sameaspects:it isa form that humans brain reflects realities;it hasdifferent aspectsfrom feelings:feelings area formthat mans brainreflects thepresent peopleand thingswhile memory isaformthatbrainreflectsthe experiencesin thepast.From thispoint ofview,memory iswhat brainreflects wehave doneor seen.Memory isa plicatedpsychological process.Memory includesthree basiclinks:memorization,maintaining,and reminiscence.From theviewpoint,the so-called memory isthatindividuals memorize,maintain andlater recollecttheir experience.In otherwords,memory isthe formof identification,retaining andreproduction.From thepoint ofinformation theory,memory isto input,store anddraw information.As statedabove,aconclusion can be drawn thatmemorization shouldinclude fourstandards to measure memory:correctness,quickness,persistence andextractability.Cultivating memoryaims to make humanhave agood memory.In thischapter,this paperwill analyzethe fourqualities.3.1Quickness Quicknessof memory isthecharacteristic ofthe speed ofmemorizationin theprocess of memory.In a certain period of time,themorethe projectsare memorized,the higherthe indexoftheagility of memory is(Zeng Meiyingand Hou Boming,xx).Memory ofagility is extremely significant.Once someonewhose memory is agilesees something,he willkeep itin mindquickly whileothers memorizeslowly.Once anexperiment wasperformed(xx,2),on some students toask themtoremembertwenty Englishwordsthatthey hadnever seen.As aresult,they spentdifferent timelengths tofinish thistask.Someone spentabout tenminutes;someone spentabout fifteenminutes andsomeone spentnearly twentyminutes.Thus itcan be seenthatwhen ites to the quicknessof memory,there aresignificant differencesamong individuals.Whether memory is agileor notdepends onthe speed of conditional reflex formedin thebrain cortex.The morequickly theconditionalreflexforms,the swifterthe memory is andvice versa.Memory ofagility itselfcannot decidethe quality of memory.Agility aswell asthe otherqualities canonly determihe qualities of memory.This kind of phenomenoncan alwaysbeseenthat somestudents bear in mindintellectual contentvery quickly,but forgetquickly aswell;although somestudents remembercontent ofknowledge slowly,but keep7longer.Every persondreams ofowning aswift memory,because oncethey havesuch a memory,they cangain moreknowledge inacertainperiodof time.Judging frompeoples learningand performing,memory ofquickness isvery importantand isthe preconditiontoimprovethe efficiencyof memory.To boostpeoples memory isthe memory ofthe firstagility.For thisreason,it isnecessary forman toexercise andenhance their memory ofagility.To achievethis goal,when humanbeings remember something,they should be objectiveand notscatterbrained.In addition,they shouldapply scientificstrategies.3.2Correctness Correctnessistokeep the contents ofknowledge aurateand correctwithout anydistortion andmissing andsubjective contentsadded(Duo Jungang,xx).Auracy isthe coreofthe quality of memory.Without auracy,the otherdimensions ofqualities willlose theirmeanings.That isto say,someone mitseverything to memory quicklyand persistently,but notcorrectly.Obviously this memory isof nouse.In avery realsense,“right”isthemostimportantcharacteristic ofagood memory.The auracy of memory is closelyrelated toeach linkof memory.In theprocess oflearning,the auracyof memory isanimportantandpsychological factorthat guaranteesindividuals gainright knowledge.Right memory is also the premiseof individuallearning aswellasthe basisoflearningthe subsequentknowledge.During anystage oflearning,auracy cannot beguaranteed and then theprocess oflearning will be influencedand theauracyofknowledge isimpossible.3.3Persistence The third qualityof memory is persistence.Persistence refers to thecharacteristic ofthe lengthof timeinformation kept in the system of memory,which reflectsthe degree oftheconsolidation of memory.The persistence of memoryisavital indexofagoodmemory.The strongerthe persistenceofmemoryis,the longerthe informationor knowledgethat hasbeen memorizedwill bekept inthesystemofmemory.Sometimes somethingwillbenever forgottenin ones lifetime.The persistenceofmemoryisinaordance withthe speedof forgetting.In otherwords,the fasterthe speedof forgettingis,the worsethe persistenceis.On thecontrary,the slowerthe speedof forgettingis,the betterthe persistenceis.The persistenceis closelyrelated tothe degreeof codingwhile memorizing.The moredeeply thematerials thatare tobe rememberedare processed,the longerthe informationis kept inthelong-term memory system and the strongerthe persistenceis.At thesame time,the durabilityisalsoaffected bythe frequencyof review.After memorizing,timely and8regular reviewcan effectivelyprevent theprocess offorgetting andenhance thepersistenceofmemory retention.3.4Extractability Lastbut notleast,qualityofmemoryis extractability.The extractabilityrefers toones ability to pickup thewanted informationswiftly andcorrectly frommemory(Zeng Meiying&HouBoming,xx).That isto say,aording topeoples needs,the neededinformation can be extractedquickly fromthe existingknowledge base.When peoplesextractability is stronger,their knowledgein memory system isactive.This knowledgecanbeextracted atany time.In contrast,individuals whoare short oftheextractability ofmemory drawneeded knowledgerelatively slowlyand sometimesthey cannot thinkofthe contents needed.One importantaim ofmemoryisto extract the contentsinthe memory system,that is,application ofmemory information.From thispointofview,the preparationor extractabilityisextremelyimportant.Meanwhile theextractabilityisalsothe basisofthe flexibleapplicationofwisdom.Only ifthe preparationis better,can strategiesof solutionbe putforward quicklywhen problemsarise.Thus peopleintheface ofdifficulties canadjust tothe changingcircumstances.The extractabilitydepends onthe degreeofthe organization,systematiess andproficiency ofthecontentofmemory.Therefore,during theprocess ofremembering,howtocode informationcan affectthe preparationofmemory.In addition,the organizationof codingandthedegreeoflearning can also haveeffects onthe preparation.In theprocess oflearning,students shouldbe good at organizingmemory informationsystematically andmake itpossible andeasyforstudentstoextractthe information ifneed.The fourqualities ofmemory arean organionnection;they areindispensable.Ignoring anyaspect ofmemoryinthe qualitiesisone-sided.Therefore,to testa personsmemory cannotjust lookone aspectofhismemory andthe fouraspectsofthequalityshouldbeprehensively measured.However,aording todifferent individuals,the fourqualities canbe bined in differentways,which reflectsthe differencesof individualmemoryability.Thus thequalities ofmemory canbe regardedastheprehensive indextomeasurean individualmemory.The fourqualities canroughly bebinedinthe followingways(Duo Jungang,xx).The fourqualities arebined together.Such akind ofmemoryisthe optimalmemory.People who have thiskind ofmemory canbearinmind massivecontents firmly and begoodatrecalling exactly.There arealso somepeople whocan remember a numberof9contents,but cannot keepthe contentsthey havelearned for a long time.The memory of thesepeople isshortofpersistence andextractability.People who own sucha memoryoften meetthe pursuitofthespeedofmemory anddo notanalyzeandpare the learning materials.In addition,theyfail toreviewthe learnedcontents timelyand regularly,so theywill forgetthe knowledgequickly.Thethirdkind ofmemoryisamemorybining correctness,persistence andextractability.Although personswhohavethememoryrememberasmall numberof contents,they canmit thesecontents tomemory firmlyandextractthem exactly.This kindof personsalways spenda lotof timein memorizinginformation.However,such peoplehave perseveranceand endurance.Once they remembersomething,they nearlyfailtoforget it.Whats more,someone remembersknowledge notonly slowly,but alsoheorshe cannot keepit firmly.Although thiskindofperson spendmuch timein learningbut gaina little.Many reasonslead tothis phenomenon,such asuncertain learningaim,absent-mindedness,unscientific memory methods andso on.A persons traitofmemoryisnotimmutable andfrozen.By training,everyone canhave anideal memory.Different studentshave differentshortings ofmemory,so teachersnecessarily analyzestudentscharacteristicsofmemorization and then takedifferent measurementsto traindifferent students.For example,as forthose studentswhoownthe secondtype ofmemory,teachers canask such studentstoanalyze theirlearning materialsand understandthe contentsbefore the students starttomemorize thecontents.During thestudents memorizethe knowledge,teachers canrequire thestudents