短文综合填空(4-3).doc

短文综合填空命题特点及解题技巧 短文综合填空实际上是完形填空的一种形式，即，给出首字母的填词型完形填空，一般在短文中留空10个。近几年，有的地方中考把短文综合填空单独列为一个大题，它要求学生根据上下文线索，从语篇层次上把握语言材料，在阅读理解的基础上进行逻辑推理，综合运用所学知识，准确无误地填上意义上和语法上都正确的单词。短文综合填空主要考查学生以下三个方面的知识和技能：1、对文章的整体理解、上下文段落的衔接、逻辑思维和判断能力；2、对词汇意义、惯用法、常见搭配、各种语法规则、句型、句式等的理解与运用能力；3、对生活中常见的事实进行推理和判断的能力。 一、命题特点1、所选文章题材广泛，体裁多样，文章内容新颖、有趣、可读性强。与英语课程标准所倡导的五级英语阅读水平相当。2、文章长短适当，内容紧凑。文章内一般设空10个，且给首字母提示。文章的首尾两句一般不设空，从而保证给学生提供足够的信息量。3、文章中空格的设定以考查语言意义为主，对实词（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词等）的考查占较大的比重。4、空格的设计着重考查在一定语境中的词语运用、习惯搭配和推理判断。二、解题技巧1、速读。通读文章，跳过空格了解信息，初步掌握文章大意。抓住首尾句。捕捉文章的首句可以对整个语篇的方向有初步的了解，有助于接下来的理解与推理，而尾句往往是文章的结论、总结和升华，会给我们带来很多的启示。抓住文章的主线和关键词。速读时往往会遇到部分生词，可采取跳读或猜词的方式，了解文章的梗概、把握文章的中心。如果一开始就忙于见一空填一词，则无法从语篇上进行整体把握，容易造成顾此失彼，影响做题的速度和准确率。2、精读。仔细阅读文章，抓住短文每段、每句作者所要表达的思想。短文综合填空题一般也分为：知识型。主要考查词汇、习惯搭配在语篇中的运用。推理型。主要考查对语篇的整体把握和理解。对连词的考查涉及到学生对行文逻辑的掌握和句子之间关联的理解。综合型。即对学生综合运用能力的考查，如生活经验常识等。3、复读。再次阅读短文，检查答案，看其是否符合文章的逻辑推理。短文综合填空属于障碍性阅读，或恢复原貌式的阅读理解，学生可凭借语感通读文章，检查前后是否连贯。三、示例解析AIf you dont use your arms or your legs for some time, they will become week; when you start using them again, they will gradually(逐渐的) become s 1 again. Everybody knows this. Yet many people do not seem to know that it is the s 2 with memory. When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he doesnt give it enough chance to become stronger.If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we k 3 that it is his own fault. But if he tells us that he has p poor memory, many of us think that his 4 are to blame, and f 5 of us know that it is just his own fault.Have you e 6 found some people cant read or write but they usually have b 7 memories! This is b 8 they can not read or write and they h 9 to remember things; they can not write them down in a little notebook. They must remember dates, names, songs and stories; so their memory is the whole time being exercised.So if you want a good memory, I 10 from these people; practice remembering.答案解析：1.填stronger。该句采用对比说明人的胳膊和腿不用就会变得虚弱，再用起来，就会变得更强壮。2.填some。根据上文和首字母s的提示可知：许多人似乎不知道人的记忆力与前面说的人的胳膊和腿的情况是同样的道理。3.填know。此句说明一个常理，我们知道人的胳膊和腿不用就弱，这是自己的错。4.填parents。联系上文可知，我们许多人认为记忆不好，责任在于父母。5.填few。该句说明，记忆不好也是自己的错，这一道理却很少有人知道。6.填ever。根据道字母e的提示及该句的时态和意思判断就填ever。7.填better。此句举例说，有些人虽然不会读书写字，但他们却有较好的记忆力。8.填because。用This is because句型说明不会读书写字的人而记忆力较好原因。9.填have。此句用have to 结构说明不会读书写字的人，他们不得不强记东西。10.填learn。此句是作者写这篇文章的目的，如果你想有好的记忆，就向这些人学习，练习记忆。BMany people in Beijing have returned to school only because they have become parents.Parents are searching for help to solve a problem: the education of their “only c 1 .” “One student complained his father, who liked smoking, always left the s 2 of smoke in the room and he could not do his homework there. Another wrote that his father often played mah jong and the n 3 kept him awake most of the night. Many people know I 4 about home education and keep making mistakes. Parents school are badly n 5 .” an official said.The parents school provide many talks on h 6 to be good parents.Xu Lins son was a middle school student. He f 7 all of his first term exams. Xu Lin got a 8 and beat him. But his sons marks didnt improve. Xu Lin then went to a parents school and learned a lot. The boy did well in all his subjects in the next term and helped teach his mother English.Parents need not only to give instructions, but to be t 9 , even by their children. A parent said, “A 10 the classes, I know more about my child and she also understands me better.”答案解析：1. 填child。联系下文可知：父母再次入学是为了寻找帮助解决他们的独生子的教育问题。2. 填smell。Smell在此用作名词，吸烟后，房间里留下烟味。3. 填noise。父亲打麻将的声音使他长时间夜晚不能入睡。4. 填little。由前两句可知：许多父母对家庭教育知之甚少。5. 填needed。从此段可知，许多父母对家庭教育不够重视，因此非常需要家长学校。6. 填how。据首字母提示及句意可知，家长学校提供了很多怎样做好家长的讲座。7. 填failed。由后面的beat him可判断出，许林的儿子在第一学期所有的考试都没有及格。8. 填angry。考试没及格，父亲当然很生气了。9. 填taught。联系上下文可知，家长也需要被教育。10. 填After。此句表示上过这些课文后，他她知道了许多关于孩子的情况。CHow to Look after a ComputerMany young people use computers, but few of them know how to look after them. Remember the following when you use your computer.Keep your computer in a cool, dry r 1 . Too much or too little heat is bad for computers. Moisture(潮湿) is also bad for them. Most computers work b 2 at a temperature of 50C300C.Dont let people s 3 cigarettes(香烟) near your computer. Smoke of all kinds is very bad for many parts of a computer and cause many p 4 .Dont eat or d 5 when you are near your computer. Pieces of food and a little water in the k 6 can also cause many problems.Make sure that the keyboard and screen are the correct h 7 for you. If they are not correct, you will get a backache.Make sure the screen is the correct distance from your e 8 . If you wear glasses, make sure these glasses are correct for using with the computer. Some people use a different pair of glasses when they use a computer.Keep your screen c 9 and dont have it bright. A dirty screen can h 10 your eyes. A very bright screen can also be bad for your eyes.答案解析：1. 填room。电脑应放在凉快，干燥的房间里。2. 填best。联系上句可知，多数电脑最佳工作状态是50C300C的温度下。3. 填smoke。根据首字母和句意可知，不要让人在你的电脑旁抽烟。4. 填problems。联系上句可知，各种烟雾对电脑的许多零部件有害，并且能引起许多问题。5. 填drink。根据首字母和句意可知，当你在你的电脑旁边的时候，不要吃东西，也不要喝东西。6. 填keyboord。键盘上的零星食物和点滴水渍会引发许多问题。7. 填height。确保键盘和屏幕的高度对你要适合。8. 填eyes。确保屏幕与你眼睛的距离要适合。9. 填clean。此句表示要保持屏幕清洁干净。10. 填burt 或harm。联系前句和后句可知，不干净的屏幕会损害眼睛。短文综合填空实战演练Passage 1Our world is g 1 smaller and smaller. We can fly a 2 the world in less than fifty hours. The newest planes go six hundred miles an hour. And we are now making planes that are e 3 faster.O 4 September 20, 1519. Magellan left Spain w 5 five ships and 240 men. They were the first to m 6 the trip on the sea. It t 7 them more than two years by ship. Magellan himself was killed in an island. More than two years I 8 , on December 21, 1521, one of the five ships with only 31 men came b 9 to Spain.They started off from Spain and returned to Spain 2 years later. So they proved(证明) the world was r 10 .1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 2Tom was a poor boy, he make a living b 1 cleaning leather(皮) shoes for others in the street. Tom was also a clever boy.One day, a very rich man with the name Miser appeared in front of Tom. He watched his dirty shoes for a while and then looked at Tom. Tom knew this kind of people w 2 . They loved money very much and hated to spend it.Tom said, “Let me clean your shoes, sir.” “For nothing?” the rich man asked. “O 3 two pence(便士), sir.”Mr Miser shook his head and then walked away.Tom thought for a second and then called out, “Id like to clean it for nothing!” This time Mr Miser a 4 . And soon one of his shoes was shining b 5 .When the rich man put his other shoe on the stool(凳子). Tom said he wouldnt clean it for him unless(除非) he was p 6 two pence for his work. Mr Miser was very angry. He r 7 to pay anything and went away with a smile on his face.Bout to his surprise, the well cleaned shoe was so bright that it make the other one look even d 8 . Mr Miser took a look round. The people in the street were laughing at him. He couldnt walk on a 9 further.At last the rich man r 10 and gave Tom two pence. In a very short time his two shoes shone brightly.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 3Dick is a milkman in New York. He is nearsighted. He has a red car. The car is n 1 expensive nor cheap. Many people have cars like that. You can see them everywhere. Dick likes his car. He thinks its wonderful. Dick likes to go f 2 a ride after supper. He often goes with is big white dog c 3 Bobby.Last Saturday evening Dick went to see a circus(马戏). He went in his car w 4 Bobby. Hundreds of people went to the circus, and Dick was surprised to see so many cars there.“Where can I 5 my car?” he wondered.Bobby was clever. Ti knew w 6 Dick was looking for. It jumped out of the car and ran about. It found a place between two red cars. “Good!” Dick was h 7 . He parked his car into the space and went with Bobby to see the show.When the show was o 8 , Dick went out and got i 9 the car. Bobby jumped into the next car. Dick got out and pulled the dog back. But soon it jumped into the next car again! Do you know w 10 ?1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 4Many people like to explore the Internet. Exploring the Internet is one of the most important activities of the day. The Internet brings the o 1 world closer to peoples homes. Some people say the world is s 2 because of the Internet.Whats going o 3 in other countries? How do people live in places far away? Is there a good sports game somewhere? Whats life I 4 in the deepest part of the sea? If you want to answer all these questions, just come to the I 5 . Of course, people can also learn through reading or listening to the radio. But with the Internet they can learn b 6 and more easily. A lot of information can be collected at a great speed.Can we go shopping without leaving home? Can you see a d 7 without going to the hospital? Can we s 8 without going to school? Can we draw money without going to a bank? All these things seemed to be impossible, but now have become quite p 9 .The Internet helps us to open our eyes. The Internet also helps to open our minds. The Internet often gives us new i 10 . In a word, it helps us in many ways. Great changes have taken place in our life since the use of the Internet.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 5Music in AmericaMusic is an international language. The songs that are sung or played by instruments(乐器) are beautiful to all people everywhere.Popular music in America is what every student likes. Students carry small radios with earphones and listen to m 1 before class, after class and at lunch. Students with cars buy large speakers and play music loudly as they d 2 on the street.Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio a 3 they drive to work. They also listen to the n 4 about sports, the weather, politics, and activities of the American people. Most of the radio broadcast is music.Pop or popular music singers make much money. They m 5 a CD or tape which radio stations use in every state. Once the popular singer is heard throughout the country, young people buy his or her tapes. Some of the money f 6 these tapes comes to the singer. W 7 the singer goes, all the young people want to meet him or her. Now the singer has become a national s 8 .There are other kinds of music that is important to Americans. One is called folk music. It tells stories about the common life of Americans. A 9 is called western or country music. This was started by were watching. Today, any music about country life and the love b 10 a country boy and his girl is called western or country music.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 6Today people can use the phone to talk w 1 others almost anywhere on the earth. But when you use the phone, you dont see the person you are talking with. That may c 2 in the near future.Today some people are using a kind of telephone called the picture phone or vision phone. With it, two people who are talking can s 3 each other.Picture phones can be useful when you have something to s 4 the person youre calling. They may have other uses in the future. One day you may be a 5 to call up a library and ask to see a book. Then youll be able to r 6 the book right over your picture phone. Or you may be able to go shopping t 7 your picture phone. Suppose you see something in the newspaper that you think you want to b 8 . Youll go to your phone and c 9 the shop. People at the shop will show you the thing youre i 10 in right over the phone. Youll be able to shop all over town and never even leave your room!1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 7Computers are useful machines. They can help people a I 1 in their daily life. For example, they can help people to s 2 much time to do much work, and they can help people to work out many problems they cant do e 3 . Our country asks everyone to learn to use computers before the twenty first century, e 4 the old people.Today more and more families o 5 computers. Parents buy computers for their children. They hope computers can help them improve their studies in school. Y 6 , many of their children use computers to play games, to watch video, or to sing karaoke(卡拉OK), i 7 of studying. So, many teachers and parents complain that computers can not help children to study but make them f 8 behind. So computers are locked in boxes by parents.In some other countries, even some scientists also hate computers. They say computers let millions of people I 9 their jobs or bring them a lot of trouble.Well computers really bring trouble to people or can they bring people happiness? It will be decided by o 10 .1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 8Throughout the world, women live I 1 than men. Why? Because men smoke m 2 . Nonsmoking men live just a 3 long as women.Smokers pollution the a 4 . They breathe out 100 times as much pollution as nonsmokers. They breathe it out on their children and on their wives or husbands. Children whose p 5 smoke have more breathing and lung problems than o 6 children. Among nonsmoking women married to smokers, there are twice as many deaths from lung cancer as there are among women m 7 to nonsmokers. Men have the right to kill themselves b 8 smoking if they want to. But they do not have the right to kill their w 9 and children by smoking.Smokers are absent from work more. Factories and businesses lose m 10 of dollars every year because of smokers. Smokers use much more public money for medical care than nonsmokers.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 9A good memory is a great help in I 1 a language. E 2 learns his own language by remembering w 3 he hears when he is a small child, and some children like boys and girls who live a 4 with their parents seem to learn two I 5 almost as easily as to learn one. In school it is not easy to learn a s 6 language because the pupils have so I 7 time for it, and they are busy with other s 8 , too.A mans mind is rather like a camera, but it takes p 9 not only of what we see but a 10 of what we feel, hear, smell and taste. If we take a real photo with a camera, there is much work to be done before we can keep a picture forever in our mind.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 10Education of Japanese children is free for the first nine years and all children must go to school for s 1 years of primary schooling(小学教育) and three years of secondary schooling(中学教育). In the primary and secondary schools, about 99.9 percent of school age children are present. School usually b 2 at eight oclock in the morning and e 3 at three oclock in the afternoon on w 4 and at noon on Saturday. The school year begins in April and ends in March. There is a s 5 holiday in August and a w 6 holiday during the New Year season.After n 7 years of schooling, students can e 8 the three year high school by passing an examination and paying a small charge each year. After high school, students can go o 9 to study at various types of c 10 , usually for four years. There are also two year junior colleges.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 11In most parts of the world, many students help their schools make less pollution(污染). They join “environment c 1 .” In an environment club, people work together to make our environment c 2 .Here are some t 3 students often do.No garbage(垃圾) lunches. How much do you throw away after lunch? Environment clubs ask students to bring their lunches in bags that can be used again. Every week they will choose the classes that make the I 4 garbage and report them to the whole school!No car day. On a no car day, n 5 comes to school in a car not the students and not the t 6 ! Cars give off waste gas in air, so remember.Walk, jump, ride or run.Use your legs! Its lots of f 7 !Turn o 8 the water! Did you know that some toilets can waste twenty to forty m3 of water an hour? In a year, that would fill a small river! In environment clubs, students would mend those b 9 toilets.We love our environment. Lets work t 10 to make it clean.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 12William Henry Harrision, the ninth president(总统) of the United States, was born in a small town. As a boy, he was very quiet and shameful(害羞的). In f 1 , he was so q 2 that everyone thought he was stupid. The peopl