3+Writing+a+thesis-good.ppt

05 03 2020 AIMRDR 1 NortheastInstituteofGeographyandAgriculture HowtoWriteaGoodThesis ByJosphert 金玛途 Email josphert 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 2 GeneralIntroduction 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 3 Whatisreliableknowledge Theladder Idea Truth Knowledge Wisdom understanding Knowledge asetofideasthatareconsistentwiththefactofnatureandarediscoveredthroughtheapplicationofscientificmethods Romesburg 45 2 1981 Samplesize replication control hypothesis Error thinkers 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 4 WhatisGraduateResearch Thedistinguishingmarkofgraduateresearchisanoriginalcontributiontoknowledge WhatisaThesis Thethesisisaformaldocumentwhosesolepurposeistoprovethatyouhavemadeanoriginalcontributiontoknowledge Failuretoprovethatyouhavemadesuchacontributiongenerallyleadstofailure 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 5 YourThesisMustShowTwoImportantThings 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 6 WhyExaminersReadYourThesis Tofindtheanswerstothefollowingquestions Whatisthisstudent sresearchquestion Isitagoodquestion hasitbeenansweredbefore Isitausefulquestiontoworkon Didthestudentconvincemethatthequestionwasadequatelyanswered Hasthestudentmadeanadequatecontributiontoknowledge Novelidea 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 7 ToProvetheOriginality Youmustpresentathoroughreviewoftheexistingliteratureonthesubject andoncloselyrelatedsubjects Then bymakingdirectreferencetoyourliteraturereview youmustdemonstratethatyourquestion hasnotpreviouslybeenanswered andisworthanswering 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 8 Writecompletesentenceswhichareeasytounderstand Youmustcommunicateyourideaswellsothatotherscanbenefit 2 Eachparagraphshouldhaveaclearcontentwhichisdifferentfromothers WritingaThesis Donotmixideas thiswillmaketheThesisnottohaveagoodflow 3 Rememberthattheuseoffewerwordsisbetter Donotspeaksomuchaboutsolittle 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 9 4 PastTenseisusuallyusedinthewritingofthesis 5 Avoidmuchpersonalization 5 Isbettertousemoreactiveverbsthanpassiveverbs ACTIVE thetreeproducedoxygenduringphotosynthesis PASSIVE oxygenwasproducedbythetreeduringphotosynthesis 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 10 AGenericThesisSkeleton ThefollowingarethemainpartsofaThesisAbstractIntroductionLiteraturereviewMaterialsandmethodsResultsDiscussionsandconclusionsReferences AnIntelligentManReadsDuringResearch 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 11 TheTopicoftheThesis TheTitleofthethesisshouldsuccinctlydescribesthecontentsofthepaper Itisrecommended thatthetopicisdiscussedwithandagreeduponbythesupervisor 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 12 PartsofaThesis TheAbstract ItisannexedinthebeginningoftheThesisinrequiredformat Itdescribes 1 Thequestion s youinvestigated orpurpose fromIntroduction Thisisstatedclearlyinthefirstorsecondsentences 2 Theexperimentaldesignandmethodsused fromMethods Brieflystatethebasicdesignandmethodology3 Themajorfindingsincludingkeyquantitativeresults ortrends fromResults Statethekeyresultswhichanswerthequestionsorproblemsofresearch Includetrends differences etc 4 Abriefsummaryofyourinterpretationsandconclusionsandimplications fromDiscussion 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 13 1 Introduction Thisisabirds eyeviewoftheanswerstothemainquestionsansweredinthethesisIthasadescriptionofthecontentsofeachsection BrieflysummarizesthequestionGivessomeofthereasonswhyitisaworthwhilequestionGivesanoverviewofyourmainresults 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 14 Establishthecontextofthework Bydiscussingtherelevantliterature summarizingthecurrentunderstanding2 Statethepurposeoftheworkintheformofthehypothesis question orproblemyouinvestigated and 3 Explainyourrationaleandapproachandpossibleoutcomesofyourstudy TheRoleoftheIntroduction 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 15 2 LiteratureReview HereyoureviewthestateoftheartpapersrelevanttoyourthesisTheadvancementoftheideatothepresent Organizethissectionbyidea andnotbyauthororbypublicationyoumightorganizesubsectionsaroundapproaches ifnecessary 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 16 4 ResearchQuestionorProblemStatement Aconcisestatementofthequestionthatyourthesistackles Justification bydirectreferencetoLiterature thatyourquestionispreviouslyunanswered analyze Discussionofwhyitisworthwhiletoanswerthisquestion 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 17 5 MaterialsandMethods Describeshowyousolvedtheproblemoransweredthequestion Thispartofthethesisismuchmoreinfree form Showthatwhatyoudidisrelevantinansweringthequestionorsolvingtheproblem 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 18 Itexplainshowyoucarriedoutyourresearch Thegeneralstructure 1 Theorganism s studied plant animal human etc pre experimenthandling 2 Studyarea latitudeandlongitude map etc 3 Theexperimentaldesign i e controls treatments thevariable s measured replication etc 4 Theprotocolforcollectingdata i e howtheexperimentalprocedureswerecarriedout and 5 DataAnalysis quantitativestatisticalprocedures Theroleofthematerialsandmethodssection 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 19 Results Whatyousawiswhatyougot Mustbereproducible Mustbebasedonthescientificresearchmethod Recordalldataproperlyandontime Keepalldataandnotethedates 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 20 TheResultssection Therole Presentyourkeyresults withoutinterpretationUse AnorderlylogicalsequenceIllustrativematerials TablesandFigures andtexts SummariesofthestatisticalanalysesHighlightsoftheanswerstothequestions hypothesesyouinvestigatedincludingmajorfindings evennegativeresults ThesequenceofTablesandFigurestowritethetextoftheresults 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 21 DataAnalysis Analyzedatausingstatisticaltools softwareprograms Displaydatausingcharts Tables graphs photos visualization etc LabelanddescribeFiguresandTables 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 22 6 DiscussionsandConclusions Discussion ThisiscomparingtheLiteratureplusYourfindings Aretheysimilar Isyourhypothesiscorrect Doyouhavenovelideas Whatthendoyousay ThisistheConclusion 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 23 TheDiscussion Themainroleistointerpretyourresultsinlightoftheliteratureyoureviewed Toexplainyournewunderstandingoftheproblemaftertakingyourresultsintoconsideration TheDiscussionwillalwaysconnecttotheIntroductionbywayofthequestion s orhypothesesyouposedandtheliteratureyoucited DonotsimplyrepeatorrearrangetheIntroduction Instead IttellshowyourstudyhasmovedknowledgeforwardfromtheplaceyouleftitwasattheendoftheIntroductionsection 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 24 Literaturereview Results Introduction Discussionandconclusion Explainyournewunderstandingoftheproblem 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 25 Conclusion Theyareshort concisestatementsoftheinferencesthatyouhavemadebecauseofyourwork Ithelpstoorganizetheseasshortnumberedparagraphs orderedfrommosttoleastimportant Allconclusionsshouldbedirectlyrelatedtotheresearchquestion 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 26 ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThisisincludedtoshowallthosewhosupportedtheresearch Thiscouldbefinanciallyorbytheprovisionofthestudymaterials 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 27 7 References Thelistofreferencesiscloselytiedtothereviewofthestateoftheartgiveninsection Neveruseotherspeople s ideas works words orimages withoutcitation Usingwithoutcitationiscalledplagiarism Itcaneasilybeavoidedbyadequatelyreferencingallcitations 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 28 InterpretingReferences JournalArticle authors articletitle Herring SusanC andJohnCPaolillo 2006 Genderandgenrevariationinweblogs JournalofSociolinguistics10 4 439 459 year journaltitle volume issue pages 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 29 InterpretingReferences BookChapter authors bookchaptertitle Smith LarryE CecilL Nelson 2006 WorldEnglishesandissuesofintelligibility InBrajB Kachru YamunaKachru CecilL Nelson ed ThehandbookofworldEnglishes 428 447 Malden MA Blackwell year publisher booktitle pages editors 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 30 8 Appendices Anymaterialwhichimpedesthesmoothdevelopmentofyourpresentation butwhichisimportanttojustifytheresultsofathesisForperusalbytheexaminerstoconvincethemsufficiently 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 31 HowLongDoesitTaketoWriteaThesis It snotthephysicalactoftypingthattakessolong it sthefactthatwritingthethesisrequiresthecompleteorganizationofyourargumentsandresults It sduringthisformalizationofyourresultsintoawell organizedthesisdocumentcapableofwithstandingthescrutinyofexpertexaminersthatyoudiscoverweaknesses It sfixingthoseweaknessesthatmaytaketime 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 32 AResearchflowchart 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 33 LongerTime StudentsforwhomEnglishisnotthemothertonguemayhavedifficultyingettingideasacross sothatnumerousrevisionsarerequired And truthbeknown supervisorsaresometimesnotquickatreviewingandreturningdrafts Leaveyourselfenoughtime Arushjobhaspainfulconsequencesatthedefense 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 34 TipsduringDefense Alwayskeepthereader sbackgroundsinmind Usuallytheyareknowledgeableaboutthegeneralproblem Don tmakethereadersworktoohard Thisisfundamentallyimportant Rememberthatathesisisnotastory It saformaldocumentdesignedtoansweronlyafewmajorquestions Avoidusingphraseslike Clearly or Obviously theseimplythat ifthereadersdon tunderstand thentheymustbestupid 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 35 Master svs PhD sThesis Thisdifferenceisnotinformatbutinthesignificanceandlevelofdiscoveryasevidencedbytheproblemtobesolvedandthesummaryofcontributions aDoctoralthesisnecessarilyrequiresamoredifficultproblemtobesolved andconsequentlymoresubstantialcontributions 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 36 Master svs PhD sThesis Master sThesis incrementalimprovementofknowledgePhD sThesis Mustbeasubstantialandinnovativecontributiontoknowledge 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 37 Thewriteup Summary CoverPageasrequiredTableofContentsTableofFigures orchartsorgraphsAbstractIntroduction StatementofPurpose objectives or theproblem LiteratureandBackgroundTheoriesappropriatetothestudyMethodology 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 38 Thewriteup Summary LimitationsoftheStudyTheBodyoftheThesis ResultsandanalysisDiscussionConclusionsandRecommendationsBibliography ReferencesAppendices Figures Tables Charts DiagramCertification ifapplicable 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 39 References YoumaywanttolookatFredoDurand sexcellentadviceOnhowtogetpapersrejected http people csail mit edu fredo FredoBadWriting pdfhttp www thesis 05 03 2020 AIMRDR 40 HowtoFailaThesis Don tprovidecontextDon tdefinetheproblemTheywon tknowifyousolvedi