定语从句复习.doc

Grammar and usageI. 定语从句讲析（The attributive clause）一、关键词1. 定语从句：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2. 先行词：定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。 3. 关系词：关系词用来引导定语从句。关系词有关系代词和关系副词之分。关系代词有that, which, who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有when，where，why等。关系词可以1) 代替先行词；2) 引导定语从句； 3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The car which my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.句中，the car为先行词；which是关系词引导是定语从句which my uncle had just bought，同时代替先行词the car在定语从句中作主语。二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250,000. 2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。The boy (whowhomthat) we saw yesterday was Johns brother.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略。Fruit trees which once grew only in China can be found in many parts of the world.The gold medal which she won has been given to her old school.4.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。The woman that I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.Corn is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways. The report that Mr. Turner handed in was about the motor race.5.whose 通常指人，有时也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 I know the person whose company produces computers. This is the person whose story surprised everybody. I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen.Note: whose指物时，常用of which结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom, the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.三、关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? The time when my father worked was a hard time.There were times when I didnt know what to do.2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。This is the city where I was born.He helped his father on the small farm where they lived. The farm where we picked cotton was nine kilometers away.3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。These are the reasons why we do it. I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： Ill never forget the day whenon which I joined the army.Kentucky is the state wherein which Lincoln was born.The reason whyfor which he refused the invitation is quite clear.四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别1.限制性定语从句在形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如去掉,主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。翻译时译成先行词的定语“的”。Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.2. 非限制性定语从句在形式上用逗号“，”与主句隔开，是对先行词意义的补充说明，如去掉，主句仍能表达完整的意思，通常译成主句的并列句。 Her brother，who is now a soldier，always encourages her to go to college.3. 关系词的使用：1) 关系词作宾语在限制性定语从句中可以省略，在非限制性定语从句中不可省略。2) 限制性定语从句可用that引导,而非限制性定语从句不用that引导。3)在限制性定从句中可用who代替whom，而在非限制性定语从句中不