3+中医英语翻译概论.ppt

TCMTranslationTheory 中医英语翻译理论 1中医翻译概论 1 1仿造翻译SL的無等值词汇時 用TL中的直接对应词代換無等值词汇的組成部分 词素 词 借用英语中已有的相关單词來表达中医学特有的概念肝血liverblood血虚blooddeficiency活血化瘀activatingbloodtoresolvestagnation 1中医翻译概论 1 1仿造句子层次的翻译也能运用仿造法從阴阳翻则生 逆之翻则死 Following thelawof yinandyangensureslife whileviolatingitleadstodeath 阴虚翻则热 阳虚翻则寒 Deficiencyofyingeneratesheatanddeficiencyofyangproducescold 1中医翻译概论 1 2定义化中医术语高度凝煉 难以用同樣長短的英语表达清楚翻译往往以解釋 定义方式進行辨证论治diagnosisandtreatmentbasedontheoverallanalysisofsymptomsandsigns虚脹Flatulenceduetoyang deficiencyofthespleenandkidney 1中医翻译概论 1 2定义化缺点简洁变冗長 违反科技术语翻译 使用的原翻则和语境难以配合有碍中医术语英译迈向规范简化处理辨证论治treatmentbasedonsyndromedifferentiation Li identifyingpatternsanddeterminingtreatment Wiseman 虚胀deficiency flatulencevacuitydistension 1中医翻译概论 1 3词义分化同一中医术语在不同语境下 可以有不同涵义 一词多义polysemy 同一概念也可用不同术语表达 同义词synonymy 虚asthenia deficiency insufficiency weakness debility hypofunction 1中医翻译概论 1 3词义分化脾虚astheniaofthespleen Li spleenvacuity Wiseman spleendeficiency WHOdraft 脾虚水泛hypofunctionofthespleen Li 体虚weakness debility 1中医翻译概论 1 3词义分化必須考虑语境a 肾藏精 精舍志 精 指精气Thekidneystoresessenceandtheessencemaintainsactivities b 精1伤翻则骨痠痿厥 精2時自下 精1 指 肾精 精2 指 精液 Thedamageofthekidneyessencecausesachingandflaccidityofthebonesaswellascoldsensationinthelimbs whichwillfurtherleadstofrequentseminalemission 1中医翻译概论 1 3词义分化 續 必須考虑语境c 脈理精微 其体难辨 精 指 精深 Thetheoryofpulseisveryprofoundandtheconditionsofpulsearedifficulttodifferentiate 1中医翻译概论 1 4拼音化當英语無法表达中医特有概念時 用拼音翻译气Vitalenergy Qi动笔 whichterm s shouldbephoneticallytranscribed 四气五味fourpropertiesandfivetastes Li fournaturesandfiveflavors Wiseman 滋阴降火nourishingyintoreducefireenrichingyinanddownbearingfire 2中医翻译的困难 2 1词汇缺口 lexicalgap 翻译人員各有不同考虑 偏好五行fiveelements fivephases wuxing命門gateoflife vitalgate vitaport mingmen三焦threewarmers tripleburners threeheaters tripleenergizers sanjiao五脏fivesolidorgans fivebowels fivezang organs fivezang visceras wuzang 2中医翻译的困难 2 2理解偏差历時 文化因素 使得术语理解困难失笑散PowderforLostSmiles SuddenSmilePowder黃帝內经YellowEmperor sInternalMedicine Huangdi s CanonofMedicineHuangdi sClassicsonMedicineHuangdi sInternalClassicHuangdiNeijing 2中医翻译的困难 重要经典译名舉隅 2中医翻译的困难 重要经典译名舉隅 2中医翻译的困难 重要经典译名舉隅 續 2中医翻译的困难 重要经典译名舉隅 續 3中医翻译实踐 3 1借用西醫术语动笔 心悸便秘便溏遺尿黃疸納呆 palpitationconstipationloose sloppystoolenuresis incontinence jaundiceanorexia poorappetite torpidintake 3中医翻译实踐 3 2直译动笔 阳化气阴中之阴木生火抑木扶土补母瀉子 心开窍於舌脾主运化 肺主气司呼吸 yangtransformingintoqiyinwithinyinwoodgenerates generatingfireinhibitingwoodtostrengthenearthsupplementingmother organanddrainingchildorganheartopensintothetonguethespleengovernstransportation movementandtransformationthelunggovernsqiandmanagesrespiration 3中医翻译实踐 3 2直译动笔 阴阳失調脾失健运肝不藏血胃失和降肾阳不足 yin yangdisharmony imbalancebetweenyinandyangspleenfailingtomoveandtransform dysfunctionofspleen failureofspleenintransportationliverfailingtostoreblood inabilityofthelivertostorebloodimpairedharmoniousdownbearingofthestomach failureofgastricqitodescendinsufficiencyofkidneyyang insufficiencyofrenalyang 3中医翻译实踐 3 3意译 天行赤眼 acutecontagiousconjunctivitisvs heaven currentredeye 纏腰火丹 herpeszosteraroundthewaistvs girdlingfirecinnabar 子盜母气 child organdisorderinvolvingitsmotherorganvs childstealsthemother sqi 3中医翻译实踐 3 4音意結合元气primordialqi originalqi congenitalqi正气healthyqi rightqi genuineqi vitalqi宗气pectoralqi thoracicqi ancestralqi中气gastrosplenicqi middleqi centerqi營气nutrientqi constructionqi肾气kidney qi renalqi 三焦theTripleWarmer Sanjiao 三焦 是中医学脏腑学說中一個特有的名词 Theterm triplewarmer ispeculiartoTCM 三焦是上焦 中焦 下焦的合稱 為六腑之一 Itisacollectivenameoftheupper middleandlowerwarmerandisoneofthesixbowels 关於三焦的型態与实質 中医界眾說紛紜 至今尚無定论 InthefieldofTCM nounanimousconclusionhasbeendrawnabouttheformandcruxofthetriplewarmer 三焦theTripleWarmer Sanjiao 一般認為 三焦是包羅人体所有內脏的一個大脏 Itisgenerallyrecognizedthat triplewarmer isalargebowelcontainingalltheinternalorgans 如明 張介賓說 三焦者 確有一腑 蓋脏腑之外 軀殼之內 包羅諸脏 一腔之大腑也 Forinstance ZhangJiebin amedicalmanintheMingdynasty said Triplewarmeris infact abowel Itisoutsideallthevisceraandbowelsbutwithinthebody containsalltheotherorgansandisthelargestbowelwithinthebodycavity 三焦theTripleWarmer Sanjiao 在中医理论中 三焦也是劃分軀体部位的一個概念 InthetheoryofTCMtheterm triplewarmer isalsousedtolocatethebodyparts 即膈以上的部位為上焦 包括心 肺 膈以下 臍以上的部位為中焦 包括脾 胃 臍以下為下焦 包括肝 肾 大小肠 膀胱 女子胞等 Theupperwarmeristheportionofthebodycavityabovethediaphragmwhichhousestheheartandthelung Themiddlewarmeristheportionbetweenthediaphragmandumbilicus navel whichhousesthespleenandthestomach Thelowerwarmeristheportionbelowtheumbilicuswhichhousestheliver thekidney theurinarybladder theintestinesandtheuterus 三焦theTripleWarmer Sanjiao 其中肝脏 按其部位來說 应归划中焦 Accordingtotheliver slocation itcanbeclearlyseenthattheliverisanorganwithinthemiddlewarmer 但中医認為 肝肾同源 关係密切 故將肝肾同劃歸下焦 Butitissaidthattheliverisanorganwithinthelowerwarmer Why BecauseTCMbelievesthattheliverandthekidneyhavethesamesource acommonsource andacloserelationship thusputstheliverintothelowerwarmer togetherwiththekidney 三焦theTripleWarmer Sanjiao 三焦的生理功能 总的來說 是总司人体气化 Generallyspeaking thephysiologicalfunctionsoftriplewarmercontroltheactivitiesoftheqiofthehumanbody 分开來說 上焦主呼吸 主宣发 实指心 肺的功能 即把積於胸中的 气 宣布 布达全身 若霧露之溉 故稱 上焦如霧 Theupperwarmercontrolsrespiration andactivatestheflowofvitalenergy bloodandbodyfluid referringto infact thefunctionsoftheheartandlung i e itdispersespectoralqiaccumulatedinthechesttoallpartsofthebodyjustasfoganddewmoistentheearth ThisiswhyTCMsaysthat Theupperwarmerislikeasprinklerfordistributingnutrientsandqi 三焦theTripleWarmer Sanjiao 动笔 中焦主运 实指脾 胃的功能 即腐熟水谷 运化精微 以化气血 故喻之為 中焦如漚 Themiddlewarmerfunctionsintransportationandtransformation referringtoinfact thefunctionsofthespleenandstomach i e itfermentswaterandfoodandtransportsandtransformsfoodessenceinordertoproducevitalenergyandblood Therefore itislikenedtoafermentationtun wherefoodisdigested 三焦theTripleWarmer Sanjiao 动笔 下焦主分別清濁 排泄尿液与大便 实指肾 小肠 大肠 膀胱的功能 以上生理功能均具有向下 向外排泄的特点故稱 下焦如瀆 Thelowerwarmerseparatesclearfluidfromturbidfluidanddischargesurineandstool referringto infact thefunctionsofthekidney thesmallintestine thelargeintestineandtheurinarybladder Thesetwophysiologicalfunctionsmentionedabovearecharacterizedbyexcretingwastesdownwardsandoutwards Itissaidthatthelowerwarmerworkslikegutters tofilteranddrainoffwasteandsuperfluouswater 三焦theTripleWarmer Sanjiao 三焦的這些生理功能 实際上是体內各脏腑功能的总合 Infact allthesephysiologicalfunctionsofthetriplewarmerarethesumtotaloftheactivitiesofallthevisceraandbowelsinthebody 在病理上 上 中 下三焦异常所出現的病证 实際上也是各部位脏腑功能的异常表現 Pathologically diseases diseasepatterns duetoanabnormalityofupper ormiddle orlowerwarmeraremanifestationsofdysfunctionsofthevisceraorbowelswithinit 肺与脾Therelationshipbetweenthelungandthespleen Physiologically twoaspectsareinvolvedintherelationshipbetweenthelungandthespleen Thelungandthespleenarephysiologicallyrelatedintwoways Oneistheproductionofthepectoralqi Thelungisresponsibleforinhalingfreshairandthespleenforabsorbingfoodnutrientsthroughtransportationandtransformation Theaccumulationofthefreshairandfoodnutrientsinthechesteventuallytransformsintothepectoralqi 肺与脾Therelationshipbetweenthelungandthespleen Thusthenormalfunctionofthelungandthespleenareprerequisitetosufficientproductionofthepectoralqi Normalfunctioningofthelungandthespleenarethusessentialforsufficientproductionof the pectoralqi Sufficientproductionof the pectoralqidependsonthenormalfunctioningofthelungandthespleen Theotheristhemetabolismoffluid Theotherinvolvesthemetabolismoffluid 肺与脾Therelationshipbetweenthelungandthespleen Thespleenabsor