矿物加工专业英语.doc

短语1. 天然无机化合物 natural inorganic substance2. 化学组成 chemical composition3. 原子组成 atomic structure4. 有色金属矿物 nonferrous ore5. 有用矿物 valuable mineral6. 脉石矿物 gangue mineral7. 给矿品位 the feed grad8. 非金属矿物 non-metallic ore9. 沉积岩 sedimentary rock10. 二氧化碳 carbon dioxide11. 发电 generation of electricity12. 露天采矿 open pit mining13. 低灰分烟煤 low-sulfur bituminous coal14. 挥发份 volatile constituents15. 煤气化 coal gasification16. 直接液化 a direct liquefaction process17. 煤质分析 coal assay18. 煤的化学组成chemical properties of coal19. 相对密度 relative density 20. 粒度分布 particle size distribution21. 自磨 autonomous grinding22. 燃烧实验 special combustion tests23. 灰分含量 ash content24. 高品级煤种 high-rank coal25. 矿石粒度 the size of the ore 26. 有用矿物粒度 the grains of valuable minerals27. 细粒嵌布finely disseminated in the ore28. 低品位矿石 low grade ores29. 解离度 degree of liberation30. 光化学性质 optical properties31. 磁性 magnetic properties32. 导电性 electrical conductivity properties33. 连生颗粒 the particles of locked mineral34. 最佳磨矿细度 an optimum mesh of grind35. 破碎应力 breaking stresses 36. 颗粒边界 grain boundaries37. 再磨 be regrinding0f38. 磨矿成本 grinding costs39. 粗粒脉石 the coarse gangue 40. 单体颗粒 single free particles 选择1. gold and piatinum (native or metallic form)2. most of minerale (their composition)3. tow minerals that(quite different physical properties)4. granite is composed(different) 汉译英1. 矿石中有有用矿物与脉石矿物紧密共生 The useful minerals in the ore are intimately associated with the gangue minerals2. 破碎一般为干式作业，采用分段方法完成 Crushing is usually a dry proless and is performed in seuerd stages3. 在矿物晶体的晶格内，原子间键只在很短的距离内有效 In the crystalline latlice of minerals these inter-atomic bonds are effectine only over small distances4. 新生成的表面通常具有更高的化学活性 Newly formed surfaces are often more chemically active5. 在水存在的情况下，粉碎所需的能量减小 The energy required for comminution is reduced in the presence of water6. 粉碎学说研究输入能量与某一特定给料粒度下形成的产品粒度的关系 Comminution theory is concerned with the relationship between energy input and the product particle size made from a given feed size7. 在球磨机内，所输入的大部分能量用于产生热量 In a ball mill,the bulk of the energy being utilized in the production of heat8. 物料的单位体积表面积与颗粒的直径成反比The surface area of unit volume of material is inversely proportional to the diameter9. 也许测定矿石可磨度最广泛使用的参数是邦德功指数Probably the most widely used parameter to measure ore grindability is the Bond work index Wi10. 批次实验取得的数据与标准可磨度实验数据具有很好的可比性，并且具有这样的优势，即测定功指数所需要的时间大大减少 The batch-type tests compared very favourably with the standard grindability test date,the advantage being that less time is required to determine in the work index11. 颚式破碎机是根据动鄂在枢轴上的悬挂方法分类的12. 大块原矿截面可以大到1.5m13. 由于给料不足和设备的机械问题，通常粗碎机设计的工作时间只有可利用时间的75%14. 双肘板颚式破碎机的动鄂摆动运动受到连杆垂直运动的影响15. 在破碎速度大于900t/h的矿山，总是选用旋回破碎机 英译汉1. the abundance of metals in the ocean is related to some extent to the crustal abundancies, 海洋中蕴含丰富的金属，在某种程度上与地壳的风度有关，因为这些金属来自于地壳的风化2. it is apparent that 显然，如果含有重要金属的矿物是均匀的分布于地球，那么他们将如此稀疏的分散开来，以至于经济的开采是不可能的3. a particular mineral may 一种特殊的矿物被发现主要与花岗岩共生在一起或者与岩浆岩或者沉积岩共生在一起，也就是，由于早期的岩石在水，冰与化学衰变的作用下产生力学和化学的风化作用而形成的矿床生成的矿物4. A direct liquefaction process 一种直接的碳的液化过程，即伯吉尤斯过程（通过氢化作用达到液化），也仅仅是在一战和二战期间在德国内使用5. Among commercially mature technologies 据威廉母斯和*在2003年报告在商业化成熟的技术中，间接的碳的液化过程由于直接的碳的液化过程6. All of these liquid fuel 在碳的转化过程中，所有液化燃料的产生方式中所释放的CO2远远大于从石油中提取和提炼液态燃料中所释放的CO2.7. Estimates are reported for sites in china 有报道估计在中国的某些地方碳的液化收支平衡的价格是每桶油卖到25到35美元8. Combustion of coal 煤的燃烧像其他的任何化石燃料一样，产生CO2和氮氧化物，并伴随变化的SO2量，并且SO2的含量取决于煤的产地9. Sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen SO2和O2反应生成SO3，SO3与水反应生成硫酸，硫酸又以酸雨的形式返回内地10. Jet is a geological material 煤精是一种地质材料，并不被认为是一种真正的矿物，但可以被认为是一种准矿物，在极端的压力作用下从腐朽的木材中得到，因此是一种有机的准矿物11. Ash fusion temperatures 熔融的煤灰温度是通过高温熔炉的观察窗观察煤灰的一个模制试样来测定的12. If the ore contains worthwhile 如果矿石中含有大量的多于*的矿物，那么通常情况下对矿物的分选是矿物加工的目的13. Similarly if undesirable minerals 类似情况下，如果矿石中有可能不需要的矿物存在，就是可能接下来干涉分选过程的存在，去除他们是必要的14. Apart from economics 除了从经济方面考虑以外，能量消耗也是极为重要的问题，因为世界上有丰富的矿物储备，能够满足本世纪接下来最普通的金属需要，但是没有足够的能量来生产这些金属15. However in the majority of cases 然而在大量的事例中，消耗在熔炼和低品味矿石中的能量是如此的大16. Mineral processing reduces the bulk 17. One of the major objects of comminution 破碎的目标之一就是从共生的脉石矿物中在最初的可能粒度级解离或释放出有价值的矿物18. Up till recently it has been直到现在，对矿物学家而言，对这个问题给出定量答案也是不可能的一种特定的矿石被研磨到何等细的粒度生产出一种有价值矿物的解离度 19. During the grinding of 在对低品位矿石的研磨过程中，脉石矿物的脉体通常在一种相对较粗的尺寸被解离出来20. It is often used on minerals这种方法被使用在容易从自由脉石中解离出来的矿物上，尽管矿物本身在某种程度上与脉石共生在一起、21. The grade(metal content)of ore 采出或加工的矿石的品味（金属含量）依靠多种因素，一般情况下低品位矿石比高品位矿石处理量要大22. The texture refers to结构指的是有用矿物在矿石中的聚合粒径和分布状态23. The nature of the minerals 矿物的性质很重要，因为有价值的矿物和脉石矿物之间在一些物理性质上的显著差异对于矿物加工是十分必要的24. Deep mining is expensive compared 深采与露天开采和冲击作业相比代价是昂贵的，仅对于高品位的矿石才是有利的25. The world is now becoming世界逐渐意识到资源的有限性与大矿新矿日益增加的开发成本*26. This is achieved by comminution在分选之前解离靠粉碎来完成，矿石颗粒粒度逐渐减小，直到矿物的颗粒用现有的方法能解离出来27. Crushing reduces the particle在破碎原矿石的颗粒减小到一定的水平，以至于研磨能够顺利的实施直到矿物和脉石作为独立的颗粒在大体上被分离出来28. Duo to this increase 由于表面能的增加，新形成的表面通常具有更高的化学活性更易于受化学药剂的作用等，同时更容易氧化29. When an irregular particle is当一个不规则的颗粒被挤压或者破碎断裂时，产品变成两个不同的粒度范围粗颗粒由拉力导致断裂，细颗粒来自载粒附近压力导致的断裂或者在突起不分的剪切力导致的断裂30. Values of operating work 设备从特定的单元获得的功指数的值能够用来评估操作变量的效果，如磨机的速度，研磨媒介的尺寸以及衬里的类型。功的值越大，研磨的效率越低31. It should be noted that 应该注意的是，功的数值指的是作用在磨机齿轮轴上的能量，因此发动机输入能量就不得不转化为发动机和齿轮轴直接连接在一起的磨机齿轮轴上的能量32. Reasonable values for the work 只要参考矿石和实验矿石被研磨到相同的产品的粒度。用这种方法可以获得合理的功指数的值33. The low efficiency of grinding equipment 就实际用来破碎矿石颗粒的能量而言，研磨效率低是研磨机的共同特征，但是这些设备存在本质的差异 看图说话1. This is illustrated by Fig.1,which shows a lump of ore which has been reduced to a number of cubes of identical volume and of a size below that of the grains of mineral observed in the original ore sample.It can be seen that each particle produced containing mineral also contains a portion of gangue;complete liberation has not been attained;the bulk of the major mineral-the gangue-has,however,been liberated from the minor mineral-the value.(P19 Fig.1 locking of mineral and gangue)2. Fig.2 is a cross-section through a typical ore particle,and illustrates effectively the liberation dilemma often facing the mineral processor.Regions A represent valuable mineral,and region AA is rich in valuable mineral,but is highly intergrown with the gangue mineral.Comminution produces a range of fragments,ranging from fully liberated mineral and gangue particles,to those illustrated.Particles of type 1are rich in mineral,and are classed as concentrate as they have an acceptable degree of locking with the gangue which limits the concentrate grade.Particle of type 4 would likewise be classed as tailings,the small amount of mineral into the concentrate.Particle of type 2 and 3,however ,would probably be class as middlings,although the degree of regrinding needed to promote economic liberation of mineral from particle 3 would be greater than that in particle 2.(P20 Fig.2 Cross sections of ore particles)3. Most minerals are crystalline materials in which the atoms are regularly arranged in three-dimensional arrays.The configuration of atoms is determined by the size and types of physical and chemical bonds holding them together.In the crystalline lattice of minerals,these inter-atomic bonds are effective only over small distances,and can be broken if extended by a tensile stress.Such a stresses may be generated by tensile or compressive loading.(P28 Fig.1 s