直接引语变间接引语.doc

直接引语变间接引语面面观一、如何变人称：学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate. How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：1)She said. I have lost a pen.She said she had lost a pen2)She said. We hope so.She said they hoped so.3) She said. He will go to see his friend。She said he would go to see his friend。但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理。The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jack said. John, where were you going when I met you in the street?Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 2l, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning。如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：Peter said. You had better come have today。 Peter said I had better go there that day。三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：He said, These books are mine. He said those books were his.四、如何变句型：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes.She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, Can you swim, John? He asked John if he could swim.You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.Do you go to school by bus or by bike? He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。She asked me, When do they have their dinner? She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。如：Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：He said, Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.附 直接引语和间接引语正误例析1.“Speak English more often in and out of class，” our English teacher said to us.Our English teacher suggested us to speak English more often in and out of class. （误）Our English teacher told /asked us to speak English more often in and out of class. （正）Our English teacher suggested that we （should）speak English more often in and out of class. （正）简析：直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据语气需要使用ask，tell，order等动词，其句型是：ask/tell/order someone to do sth.，但是suggest不能接不定式作宾补，只能接-ing形式或从句（从句用虚拟语气）作宾语。2.“Dont play football on the street，little boys，” the policeman said.The policeman told the little boys did not play football on the street. （误）The policeman told the little boys not to play football on the street. （正）简析：如果直接引语是祈使句的否定式，变为间接引语时，要将其改为不定式的否定形式作宾补，不定式的否定形式是在不定式前面加not，而不是加do not，does not，did not等。3.“Would you please do me the favor to carry the box upstairs？” the young woman said to me.The young woman ordered me to carry the box upstairs for her. （误）The young woman asked me to carry the box upstairs for her.（正）简析：直接引语是一些表示请求、建议的疑问句，变为间接引语时， 也变为不定式作宾语补足语。需要注意的是应根据原句的语气选用恰当的动词。因为此处原来的疑问句用的是很客气的语气，改写后不宜用order。4.“You clean the classroom after class today，Tom，” said the monitor.The monitor said that Tom cleaned the classroom after class that day.（误）The monitor told Tom to clean the classroom after class that day. （正）简析：一般而言，祈使句是以动词原形开头的，但是如果说话人有意强调动作执行者，也可以在句首加上主语。我们在将其变为间接引语时不能将带有主语的祈使句与陈述句混淆起来。5.“Its a fine day. Lets go to the country for a picnic，” Peter said to me.Peter told me that it was a fine day and let us go to the country for a picnic. （误）Peter said that it was a fine day and asked me to go to the country for a picnic with him. （正）简析：当直接引语中有多种句子形式如陈述句、祈使句、疑问句等时，我们就要用不同的方式将各种句子进行转述。因为原句中直接引语前面部分是陈述句，故变为由that引导的宾语从句，后面部分是祈使句所以变为不定式作宾补。2.变化 （1）主句动词的变化 一般说来，主句谓语动词常为said或said to，变为间接引语时，当直接引语是陈述句时，said不变。当直接引语是一般疑问句和特殊疑问句时，则要把said或said to变为asked / asked sb. 直接引语 , 间接引语 指示代词 this , that these , those 时间状语 now , then today , that day tonight , that night this week(month.etc.),that week yesterday , the day before last week(month.etc.),the weekbefore tommorrow , the next day next week(month.etc.),the next week three days ago , three days before 地点状语 here , there 动 词 come , go 直接引语变间接引语（专项复习与练习） 宾语从句专题复习(直接引语变间接引语)Part1：复习宾语从句的四种句式:句式1:1.“Dont play football on the road,children ,” said the policeman. The policeman_.2. “Please keep quite because the baby is sleeping”, she said to me. She _ because_.小结: 祈使句:可以改为_来进行转换.句式2:1Tom says ，“ I like playing football very much.Tom says _.2They said,“ we have come here by car.”They said _.3Kate said,“ I will have a party in my home tomorrow .”Kate said _.4The teacher told us. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.The teacher told us_.5The teacher said to us. “You should study hard.”The teacher said to us _.小结:1. 陈述句: 用_引导并可省略,注意_的变化.2. 注意: 如宾语从句为客观真理时从句时态_.3宾语从句的时态呼应 主句现在时或将来时 主句过去时宾语从句的时态呼应（1） (2 ) 从句可根据需要用_ 从句_具体改法为：1、一般现在时：2、现在进行时： 3、一般将来时： 4、一般过去时:5、现在完成时： 6. 过去完成时:句式3:1. Jim asked,“ Can you mend the computer for me？”Jim asked_.2. She said to her friend,“Did you finish your homework？” She _.3. “Would you come to my home or not ?” She didnt know. She didnt know_.小结: 1.宾从为一般疑问句:用_引导,结构为_2. 难点提示: 只能用whether 不用if 的情况: _ 句式4:1. “What will you do in the coming holiday?” Miss Li asked us. Miss Li asked us _.2. I asked Li Ming ,“ When did you finish your homework？” I asked Li Ming _.3“Where does she live？”could you tell me？Could you tell me_?4. “Whats wrong with you, Lucy?” Jim asked. Jim asked _. 小结: 1. 宾从为特殊疑问句: 用_引导, 结构：_2. 注意: 特殊疑问词既是引导词又是宾语从句的主语的情况.3Could, Would在主句中表示一种客气,有礼貌的语气时,宾语从句的时态_.思考: 所有宾语从句的语序:_.Part2： 拓展练习: 1. I dont know when I will come back. (改为同义句)I dont know _.2. Could you tell me how to get to the post office? (改为同义句) Could you tell me_?4. Mike is learning _ a computer.A. how can he use B. how to use C. how he use D. how to using5. - Hi, Tom! Can you tell me when _ for London?- Yes, tomorrow afternoon.A. leaving B. leaves C. to leave D. are leaving6. I really dont know _. A. what to do B. how to do C. what to do it D. to do what 总结:宾语从句可与 _ 互相改写.Part3：Exercises:一. 有错就改: 改正下列各句的错误1. He said that he will do his work.2. Could you tell me when does your father get up every day?3. Do you remember what does the teacher say last time.4. My parents told me dont to get up too late.5. They said they have been to England five years before.6. Theyd like to know how they could get to the station.7. She asked if Lily had a notebook or not.8. My mother said light traveled faster than sound.9. She asked me that my mother liked the blue one.10. There are so many books in the bookshop. I dont know what to buy.二: 单选: 1. Do you know _? They moved here soon after their son was born.A. when would the Greens move here B. when the Greens moved hereC. the Greens would move here D. when the Greens would move here2. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 _ Christmas Day.A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 3. - Have you finished your project yet?- Not yet. The teacher said it _ tomorrow.A. could be handed in B. can be handed in C. can hand in D. could hand in4. - Mike wanted to know if you _ a picnic the next day.- Yes, but if it _, well visit the museum instead. A. have, will rain B. would have, will rain C would have, rains D. have, rains5. She said she _ for the test. You can test her even now. A. has prepared B. had prepared C. will prepare D. would prepare6. We couldnt find out _, so we handed it in to the teacher.A. whose pen was it B. whose pen it was C. it was whose pen D. whose pen is it7. Who can tell us _ over there?A. what do they talk B. what are they talking aboutC. what they talk D. what they are talking about8. He didnt know _he should go or not.A. if B. weather C. that D. whether三、把直接引语改为间接引语1. Who are you going to see the film with? Could you tell me？ Could you tell me _ _?2. You will visit Aunt Wang this afternoon yourselves. Kelly said to her brothers.Kelly her brothers .3. The conductor said to them, Show me your tickets. The conductor them .4. “ Who broke the window? The teacher asked .The teacher asked_.5. Would you like to join us? I asked the stranger. I asked the stranger .6. Ice gets into water when its over zero. I learned. I learned . Part4：时间状语、地点状语、指示代词和动词的变化： 直接引语间接引语时间状语nowtodaytonighttomorrowyesterdaythis week(month, year)last week(month, year)next week(month, year)three days(months years)agothenthat daythat nightthe next daythe day beforethat week(month, year)the week(month, year)beforethe next week(month, year)three days(months years)before地点状语herethere指示代词thisthesethatthose动词comebringgotake注意：以上这些变化，不应机械照搬。如就在当天转述，不必改变时间状语。如在当地转述，地点状语也不必该变。一. 单选:1. - Where does he come from?- Pardon?- I asked where _.A. did he come from B. he came from C. he comes from D. does he come from 2. Do you remember _ last time?A. what is your teacher saying B. what your teacher saidC. what your teacher says D. what did your teacher say3. I dont know _or not.A. whether he is at home B. if he is at home C. that he is at home D. whether is he at home4 - Did you tell your brother where Susan _?- Yes, but I didnt tell him she _ until next week.A. has gone, wont come home B. went, dont come homeC. had been, wouldnt come home D. had gone , wouldnt come home5. There is not much difference between the two. I really dont know _.A. what should I choose B. which I should chooseC. which should I choose D. what to choose6. The teacher said that the earth _round the sun.A. goes B. go C. went D. will go7. Did you find out _?A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking forC. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for8. I d like to tell you that you _the exam.A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass9. “Could you tell me_?” “ Yes. They _ to the library.”A. where are the twins, have been B. where were the twins, have beenC. where the twins are, have gone D, where the twins were, have gone10. Our father said that he _ a new computer next week.A. will buy B. have bought C. would buy D. buy二. 把直接引语改为间接引语1. Please take good care of you little sister. Mum said to Kate. Mum Kate .2. They wondered. Shall we buy some food before we go for a picnic?They wondered .3.Does the little girl like to swim in the swimming pool? I wanted to know. I wanted to know .4. “Will you join the Party or not?” Lucy asked John. Lucy asked John_.9. “Must I arrive the station at 6 oclock ?” Mr White asked.Mr. White asked _.6. “Dont be late for school,” the teacher said to us.The teacher _.7.“Can you pass the book to me ,Kate?” Jim said .Jim _.8. “I visited the museum last week.” He told me. He told me_.9. “Man will die if there is no water or air,” he said. He said_.10. “I have finished my homework .” he told me. He told me_. 三.句型转换 1He doesnt know what he should do on weekends（同义转换） He doesnt know_on weekends 2I will write you a letter.”she said（改为间接引语） She said that _a letter 3“Could you send me some stamps? she asked（改为间接引语） She asked me_send her some stamps4“ Be careful！” He said to me. （改为间接引语） He _.5. “Light is faster than sound,” The teacher told us. （改为间接引语） The teacher told us_.6. “What is your mother doing？” Annie asked. Annie asked me_. (改为间接引语）7.“Are you going to come tomorrow?” She asked me. She asked me_.8. “Where did you go during the summer holidays?” he asked me. (改为间接引语) He asked me_.9. My friend asked me how to mend the bike.（改为宾语从句）My friend asked me_. 10“Are you leaving tomorrow or not?”Kate asked me. （改为宾语从句） Kate asked me_.11.“Have my son passed the exam？” He is worried about . （改为宾语从句）He is worried about_ .12. She doesnt know if/whether she should go to Lucys party. (改为同义句) She doesnt know_.将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ met the day _.6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ making so much noise.14. “Dont tell him the news.” she said.She told me _ _ _ him the news. 15. “Are you intested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interestd in _.【参考答案】1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his 3. she, had, taken 4. rise, goes 5. told, had, before 6. had, there 7. had, before 8. asked, if whether, before 9. told, could 10. how, she, had 11. where, I, had, those 12. if whether, I, lived 13. told, to, stop 14. not, to, tell 15. asked, if whether, that 直接引语变间接引语练习题含解析1. He asked _ for the computer.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _.A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the