5.动词的概说-1个课时.doc

动词的概说一.动词的种类（动词可分为以下五类）类别（英文缩写）特点举例实义动词及物动词（vt）跟宾语We love peace不及物动词（vi）不跟宾语Classes begin系动词（link.v.）跟表语Im a student助动词(aux.v.)跟动词原形或过去分词（无特殊意思）I have had my breakfast情态动词(mod.v.)跟动词原形(有说话者的意思)He must study hard1 实义动词我们日常接触的大量动词都是实义动词，又可称为行为动词，如work、study、run、walk等。实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词及物动词的后面要跟上一个名词或代词等以作它的宾语的成分。I want to see a film.Yang Lin is watching TV.In fact, Scout doesnt trust her.不及物动词不及物动词后面一定不能直接跟宾语，但不及物动词后往往跟上一个介词，够成一个短语动词，然后可以跟一个介词宾语，实际上“不及物动词+介词（+宾语）”就相当于一个及物动词了。He is looking at the picture.Zhu Tao always laughs at his brother.注意：不及物动词和不同的介词搭配，就构成了许许多多的词组来表达不同的意思，而这些词组需要我们牢牢记住、掌握。Look at 看；look for 寻找；look around 四处打量、看看；look up 查处、找出；look forward to 盼望；look after 照顾、照看；look over 检查、翻阅；look through 看一遍，过一遍；look down on/upon 看不起另外还要注意英语中很多动词既可以是及物动词，又可以是不及物动词。Lets begin.Well begin our class in an hour.2.系动词常用的系动词我们最常见常用的系动词是“be”，它在句中有时译为“是”，有时不必译出。另外一些是既可做行为动词，又可做系动词的一些动词，主要为表示感受的“感官动词”和一些表示“保持某种状态”或“变成某种状态“的词。在学习这部分系动词时，要注意它后面的表语部分：切记：感官动词：look,taste,smell,sound,feel表示“状态”的词：become,remain,keep,prove,get,turn,grow,appear,seemThe girl looks careful.The girl looks at the picture carefully.He feels cold./steel feels cold./the cloth feels soft.I feel the plane move strongly.(此句中的feel是一个行为/实义动词)“feel+名词+do/doing/done”的意思是“感觉到正在/被”She felt her heart beating faster.常用的系动词词组Get dressed穿衣服He is old enough to get dressed himself.After Liu gang got dressed, he had breakfast.Get/be married结婚What did you do before you got married?Mary has been married for 5 years.Come true成为/变成现实My dream has come true at last.What Lynn had hoped all came true?Get/become lost迷路Sorry. Im late for the meeting. I became/got lost.The little girl went for a walk and got lost.Seem/appear似乎，好像The student seems to be a very kind and thoughtful person.It appears to be an excellent opportunity for Caroline to get more experience.注意：绝大多数以“a”开头的形容词只能作表语，也就是说只能与系动词连用，而不能作定语。（切记：afraid,asleep,alone,alive,awake）Im not asleep. Im awake.The sleeping boy over there is my little brother.(一定不能用the asleep boy)Although he is alone he doesnt feel lonely.My mother is ill/sick.The sick boy is my brother.(ill只能做表语，不能做定语，一定不能说the ill boy)助动词助动词本身并没有意义，它只是帮助主要动词构成谓语，表示问句、否定句时态、语态等。英语中没有哪一个单词是固定的助动词，动词be,have,do,shall,will在句子中与主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、否定句、疑问句时，才担当起助动词的作用。It is made in china. I havent had my breakfast yet.Does he go to school by bike every day? We will/shall have a meeting to discuss it.情态动词情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等等。情态动词有词义，但词义不完全，其后一定要跟“不带to”的动词不定式（即动词原形）（ought to除外）。另外，情态动词没有人称和数的变化。常见情态动词有：can,may,must,have to.He can speak English. Youd better go now. He neednt worry about us now. You need to practise reading aloud every day.二.短语动词Be about大约;be at在;be behind在后面;be from从来，出生于某地，出生于家庭;be good at在方面擅长;be in在里面;be on在上面;be over there在那边;be under;在下边;begin with以为开始;catch up with赶上;climb up爬上来;come back回来;come down(a ladder)爬下（梯子）;come from来自;come here过来;come in进来;come on加油;come out开花;come round来，前来;come up(a ladder)爬上（梯子）;do with sth处理;fall behind落后;fight about为而斗争;find out弄清楚;fly away飞走;fly up高飞;get back回来，回到;get into(the lift,car)进（电梯）上（小汽车）;get off the bus下公共汽车;get on the bus上公共汽车;get out of (the lift,car)从（电梯、小汽车）中走出来;get along sth沿着走;go down下去;go home回家;go on doing sth继续做某事;go to work上班;go up上去;grow up长大;hear of听说;hold on(for a moment)请稍等一下（打电话用语）;jump into跳入;laugh at sb嘲笑某人;learn from向学习;listen to听，注意听;look after照顾;look around四处看;look in仔细查看;look like看起来像;look over检查、查看（医生看病人时用）;look young看起来年轻;move away移走;make telephone calls to sb给某人打电话;pass on sth to sb传递（某物）给（某人）;pass on传递（某物）;pay for为付钱;pick up拾起来;point at指向;pull up拉上来;put on(the suit,a cap)穿（衣服），戴（帽子）;sell out卖光了;send for派人去请;send up射出，发送;take off(the sweater)脱掉（绒衣）;take out sth拿出;talk a