2013-2014阅读填空.doc

阅读填空解题技巧攻破篇章结构,理解逻辑关系 1. 2005-2012 阅读填空题题目类型题目类型200520062007200820092010201120122013直接信息型211373331归纳总结型355432032信息加工型534357472. 05-13年高考阅读填空的设空特点： 1、直接信息题（表格的一个行标题对应文章的一个段落）： 2、行标题的概括性词汇题（一般在每段首句出现）： 3、信息加工处理题： 表达方式的一致性；词性的转换；由句子变为名词词组。3. 高考考查重点 理清文章脉络、把握整体结构； 如何获取、转述、整理、归纳与概括信息的能力； 能力考查的方向不变，既有主旨大意概括题，也有事实细节题，既有文章原始信息词的直接摘录，也有信息提炼的转换表达。4. 如何解答此题？ 1、先仔细阅读表格所提供的信息，了解文章的篇章结构； 2、仔细阅读原文，在关联词的引领下，找出有效信息词； 3、强化对称意识，注意名词单复数和动词的不同形式； 4、仔细斟酌，认真检查，避免非智力因素失分。正确运用“四定”法则：定位（置），定形（式），定性（词性），定义（意义）做题顺序：先细节，再主旨；先小主旨，后大主旨。一、直接信息题-查读法获取信息1.一个段落对应一个行标题；根据行标题找到相关段落2.带着问题有意识地在细节处和关键处做标记；3.依据关联词、信息词。who what when where why First then after that next finally because thus lead to is caused by as a result alike common just as eitheror but while instead different from on the contrary二、行标题概括性词汇（常出现在段首）的逻辑性：05 Causes /Reasons Effects/Results06 Purposes/Aims Effects Assessments07 Advantages Worries/Problems Efforts/Measures Conclusion08 Disadvantages Varieties System Advantages 09 aspects problems solutions 10.Definition.advantages.disadvantages.results12-reasons13challenges potentials常用的概括性词汇 1.时间类: Time, Period, Dynasty, Phase, Age, Date, When 2.地点类: Place, Location, Situation, State, Country, Area, Region, Zone, Field, Where 3.事件类: Event, Phenomenon, Project, Theme, Topic, Object, Content, What 4.特点类: Feature, Characteristic, How 5.原因类: Cause, Reason, Source, Origin, Why 6.目的类: Purpose, Aim, Goal, Intention, Motive , Wish, 7 结果类: Effect, Result, Consequence,8.方法类: Solution, Measure, Step, Way, Key, Method, Means, Suggestion, Tip 9.观点类: Conclusion, Summary, View, Opinion, Viewpoint, Attitude, Comment, Remark 10.问题类: Question, Problem, Issue, , Wonder, Doubt,11.性质类: Quality, Size, Shape, Distance, Width, Height, Weight, Price, Direction, 12.过程类: Procedure, Process, Course 13.对比类: Advantage, Disadvantage ，Difference, Similarity, Comparison14.种类类：Kind, Type, Classification, Category, Species 15.说明类：Example, Sample, Figure, Proof, Evidence, Illustration 在概括信息时，可遵循以下三个原则： 一、概括性原则，即在最大限度上覆盖行和列的信息，概括其主要内容。 二、针对性原则，所用的概括词既不能太大，也不能太具体，要量体裁衣，大小合适三、就现原则，如果文章中有对应的概括性词，一般可以照抄。注意：总结性词汇的同义或词性转换。如：do a great deal of good转换为 _ 表目的的to转换为 _表结果的thus转换为_in short/as a whole/all in all 转化为 _三、怎样进行信息加工处理I、表达方式的一致性:(08Hunan) Green roofs can control temperature, contain water and clean the air. Physical: 84_ containing water cleaning(10月月考题)The reason.is that you have too much on your minds. Of course, it could also be because you are bored with nothing to do all day._on mindsDoing nothing all day II、词性的转换.注意对称（上下左右一致）1.（06Hunan）They also have fewer absences and are less likely to blame.79. improved academic behaviors fewer absences and 80._07Hunan） On one hand, some host families are losing their unique selling pointOn the other hand, students expectations have risen. Loss of selling point 82. _ 技巧点拨 由谓语动词转为名词词组2. Vitamin C is necessary for strong bones and teeth , and for healthy blood vessels. Being a_ for strong bones and teeth and healthy blood. 技巧点拨 由形容词转化为名词3. It grows to one meter in length Being_技巧点拨由介词短语转化为形容词4.a good balance between a too relaxedand.Being _between and. 由名词词组转化为形容词5.Those buildings were all well built and attractive.Buildings:_技巧点拨 正确使用合成词man-made_ hard-working_well-prepared_ well-received_kind/warm-hearted_ strong-willed_short/long-term_ good-looking_well-equipped_ well-designed_fast-moving_ half-boiled_ III.句子结构转换：由句子转变成名词词组1、The seeds of friendship become deeply rooted._ The power of government counts._ of格可用名词s格代替或直接用名词作定语2、（06Hunan）One likely development will be a gradual change in the family unit . The other likely development will be a change in the proportion of the nations workforce._ _ 由介词短语作定语转变成名词作定语的名词词组3. If a person tries to speak out irrelevant details or offer explanations which are not necessary when hes asked a particular question, hes attempting to hide certain facts. speaking out irrelevant details 80._ 由定语从句转变成形容词作定语4. (08 Hunan 81题) The intensive type may be smaller, but its relatively deeper and home to larger plants. 81. _ relatively deeper home to larger plants（07Hunan78）Their language acquisition is likely to become faster. 78. _ communicating with hosts由谓语动词转变成副词作状语修饰形容词或分词5. The company was run by the state._The population of Shanghai is growing fast._ 由谓语动词形式转变成合成形容词作定语的名词词组6、(08Hunan)But urban roofs are going green._Trees leaves are falling._William D. Graziadei published an article which described developing an overall strategy for technology-based course. _ developing an overall strategy was published.由谓语动词转变成分词作定语Some communities are working on dropout prevention programs. Some _are being worked on for students.Generally speaking, white noise is a part of the full scale of sound frequencies a human ear can recognize.A part of the full scale of sound frequencies that can _.根据谓语动词的主被动形式确定主语/或根据主语确定谓语。练习.chewing sugarless gum during class can have a positive effect on academic performance in teenagers.chewing gum results in _. In sub-Saharan Africa the crops are drying out in the fields and people are dying of starvation ._ People dying of starvation Today people are using many technologies