2011年12英语四级真题答案.doc

Part III Listening Comprehension Section ADirections： In this section， you will hear 8 short conversations and2 long conversations At the end of each conversation， one or more questions will be asked about what was said Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once After each question there will be a pause During the pause， you must read the four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）， and decide which is the best answer Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre11W： This crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused I cant figure out when my bus to Cleveland leaves?M： Why dont you just go to the ticket window and ask?Q： What does the man suggest the woman do?12W： I really enjoyed the TV special about drafts last night Did you get home in time to see it?W： Oh， yes， but I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thingQ： What does the man mean?13W： Airport， please Im running a little late So just take the fastest way even if its not the most directM： Sure， but there is a lot of traffic everywhere today because of the football gameQ： What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?14W： May I make a recommendation， sir? Our seafood with this special sauce is very goodM： Thank you， but I dont eat shellfish Im allergic to itQ： Where does this conversation most probably take place?15 W： now one more question if you dont mind， what position in the company appeals to you most?M： Well， Id like the position of sales manager if that position is still vacantQ： What do we learn about the man?16 M： I dont think I want to live in the dormitory next year I need more privacyW： I know what you mean But check out the cost if renting an apartment first I wont be surprised if you change your mindQ： What does the woman imply?17 M： Youre on the right track I just think you need to narrow the topic downW： Yeah， youre right I always start by choosing two boarder topics when Im doing a research paperQ： What do we learn from the conversation?18 W： This picnic should beat the last one we went to， doesnt it?M： Oh， yeah， we had to spend the whole time inside Good thing， the weather was cooperative this timeWhat do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?Long ConversationConversation OneM： When I say I live in Sweden， people always want to know about the seasonsW： The seasons?M： Yeah， you know how cold it is in winter? What is it like when the days are so short?W： So what is it like?M： Well， it is cold ，very cold in winter Sometimes it is cold as 26 degrees below centigrade And of course when you go out， youll wrap up warm But inside in the houses its always very warm， much warmer than at home Swedish people always complain that when they visit England， the houses are cold even in the good winterW： And what about the darkness?M： Well， yeah， around Christmas time theres only one hour of daylight， so you really looks forward to the spring It is sometimes a bit depressing But you see the summers are amazing， from May to July in the North of Sweden the sun never sets Its still light in the midnight You can walk in the mountains and read a newspaperW： Oh， yeah， the land of the midnight sunM： Yeah， thats right， but its wonderful You wont stay up all night And the Swedes makes most of it often they started work earlier in summer and then leave at about 2 or 3 in the afternoon， so that they can really enjoy the long summer evenings Theyd like to work hard， but play hard， too I think Londoners work longer hours， but Im not sure this is a good thingQ19： What do we learn about the man from the conversation?Q20： What do Swedish people complain about when they visit England in winter?Q21： How does the man describe the short hour of daylight around Christmas in Sweden?Q21： What does the man say about the Swedish people?Conversation TwoW： What kind of training does one need to go into this type of job?M： Thats a very good question I dont think there is any， specificallyW： For example， in your case， what was your educational background?M： Well， I did a degree in French at Nottingham After that， I did careers work in secondary schools like the careers guidance people Here is in the university Then I went into local government because I found I was more interested in the administrative side Then progressed on to universities So there wasnt any plan and there was no specific training There are plenty of training courses in management techniques and committee work which you can attend nowW： But in the first place， you did a French degreeM： In my time， there wasnt a degree you could do for administration I think most of the administrators Ive come across have degrees and all sorts of thingsW： Well， I know in my case， I did an English literature degree and I didnt really expect to end up doing what I am doing nowM： QuiteW： But you are local to Nottingham， actually? Is there any reason why you went to Nottingham University?M： No， no， I come from the north of England， from west Yorkshire Nottingham was one of the universities I put on my list And I like the look of it The campus is just beautifulW： Yes， indeed Lets see Were you from the industrial part of Yorkshire?M： Yes， from the Woolen DistrictQ23 What was the mans major at university?Q24： What was the mans job in secondary schools?Q25： What attracted the man to Nottingham University?Section BPassage OneWhile Gail Obcamp， an American artist was giving a speech on the art of Japanese brush painting to an audience that included visitors from Japan， she was confused to see that many of her Japanese listeners have their eyes closed Were they tuned off because an American had the nerve to instruct Japanese in their own art form or they deliberately tried to signal their rejection of her? Obcamp later found out that her listeners were not being disrespectful Japanese listeners sometimes closed their eyes to enhance concentration Her listeners were showing their respect for her by chewing on her words Some day you may be either a speaker or a listener in a situation involving people from other countries or members of minority group in North America Learning how different cultures signal respect can help you avoid misunderstandings Here are some examples In the deaf culture of North America， many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving them in the air In some cultures， both overseas and in some minority groups in North America， listeners are considered disrespectful if they look directly at the speaker Respect is shown by looking in the general direction but avoiding direct eye contact In some countries， whistling by listeners is a sign of approval while in other courtiers it is a form of insultQuestions：26， What did Obcamps speech focus on?27， Why do Japanese listeners sometimes close their eyes while listening to a speech?28， What does the speaker try to explain?Passage TwoChris is in charge of purchasing and maintaining equipment in his Division at Taxlong Company He is soon going to have an evaluation interview with his supervisor and the personnel director to discuss the work he has done in the past year Salary， promotion and plans for the coming year will also be discussed at the meeting Chris has made several changes for his Division in the past year First， he bought new equipment for one of the departments He has been particularly happy about the new equipment because many of the employees have told him how much it has helped them Along with improving the equipment， Chris began a program to train employees to use equipment better and do simple maintenance themselves The training saved time for the employees and money for the company Unfortunately， one serious problem developed during the year Two employees the Chris hired were stealing， and he had to fire them Chris knows that a new job for a purchasing and maintenance manager for the whole company will be open in a few months， and he would like to be promoted to the job Chris knows， however， that someone else wants that new job， too Kim is in charge of purchasing and maintenance in another Division of the company She has also made several changes over the year Chris knows that his boss likes Kims work， and he expects that his work will be compared with hersQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard29 What is Chriss main responsibility at Taxlong Company?30 What problem did Chris encounter in his Division?31 What does Chris hope for in the near future?32 What do we learn about Kim from the passage?Passage ThreeProverbs， sometimes called sayings， are examples of folk wisdom They are little lessons which older people of a culture pass down to the younger people to teach them about life Many proverbs remind people of the values that are important in the culture Values teach people how to act， what is right， and what is wrong Because the values of each culture are different， understanding the values of another culture helps explain how people think and act Understanding your own culture values is important too If you can accept that people from other cultures act according to their values， not yours， getting along with them will be much easier Many proverbs are very old So some of the values they teach may not be as important in the culture as they once were For example， Americans today do not pay much attention to the proverb “Haste makes waste”， because patience is not important to them But if you know about past values， it helps you to understand the present and many of the older values are still strong today Benjamin Franklin， a famous American diplomat， writer and scientist， died in 1790， but his proverb “Time is money” is taken more seriously by Americans of today than ever before A study of proverbs from around the world shows that some values are shared by many cultures In many cases though， the same idea is expressed differentlyQuestions 33 35 are based on the passage you have just heard33 Why are proverbs so important?34 According to the speaker what happens to some proverbs with the passage of time?35 What do we learn from the study of proverbs from around the world?Section CCompound DictationOur lives are woven together As much as I enjoy my own company， I no longer imagine I can get through a single day much less all my life completely on my own Even if I am on vacation in the mountains， I am eating food someone else has grown， living in a house someone else has built， wearing clothes someone else has sewn from cloth woven by others， using electricity someone else is distributing to my house Evidence of interdependence is everywhere； we are on this journey togetherAs I was growing up， I remember being carefully taught that independence not interdependence was everything “Make your own way”，” Stand on your own two feet” or my mothers favorite remark when I was facetoface with consequences of some action： Now that youve made your bed， lie on itTotal independence is a dominant thing in our culture I imagine that what my parents were trying to teach me was to take responsibilities for my actions and my choices But the teaching was shaped by our cultural imagines And instead， I grew up believing that I was supposed to be totally independent and consequently became very reluctant to ask for help I would do almost anything not to be a burden， and not require any help from anybody2011年12月英语四级考试听力答案听力11 ask the staff12 b TV program13 missing her flight14 at a restaurant15 of the woman16 a lowrent apartment17 otpic more focused18 they didnot19 he likes20 the cold21 depressing22 they work23 french24 careers25 its26 the art of27 to enhance28 how listeners29 directing30 twoofhis employee31 advancement32 sheis competing33 The help34 Their wording35 Some听力篇章36 company37 single38 completely39 vacation40 built41 ecectricity42 evidence43 JourneyWhy Integrity Matters为什么正直很重要What is Integrity?正直是什么？Integrity is defined as adherence to moral and ethical principles； honesty The key to integrity is consistencynot only setting high personal standards for oneself （honesty， responsibility， respect for others， fairness） but also living up to those standards each day One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making lifes hard choices， choices which may be clouded by stress， pressure to succeed， or temptation对于integrity（正直）这个词的定义是“坚守道德伦理原则，诚实”，达到正直的关键是一致性：不仅给自己树立高标准（诚实守信、有责任感、尊重他人、公平公正），更要坚持不懈遵守这些标准。正直的人即使在面对人生中艰难的选择时，比如饱受精神压力、不许失败的外部压力或者充满诱惑的选择，他也能感到道德伦理的约束并遵守准则。What happens if we lie， cheat， steal， or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others Trust is essential in any important relationship， whether personal or professional Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus， integrity must be one of our most important goals如果我们说谎了、骗人了、偷盗了、违背其他伦理准则了会如何？我们会对自己感到失望、感到羞愧。正直的缺失对人际关系也会产生影响。在任何重要的人际关系中，不论是私人关系还是职业关系，信任都是必不可少的。可是谁能去相信一个不诚实、不公正的人呢？所以说，正直绝对是我们最重要的目标之一。Risky Business风险那些事We are each responsible for our own decisions， even if the decisionmaking process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake， by understanding why we acted as we did， and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future我们每个人都需要对自己的决定负责，即便在做决定的过程中受到了精神压力或同事施加的压力的影响。对于性格的真正考验是看我们能否从过错中吸取经验，解析自己为什么会犯下过错，从而去探索方法，在将来避免类似问题。Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems We must learn to recognize risks， because if we cant see the risks were taking， we cant make responsible choices To identify risks， we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts For example， one who doesnt know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit， or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required But the fact that such a violation is unintentional does not excuse the misconduct Ignorance is not a defense想要避免将来犯错，做出合乎道德的决定至关重要。我们必须学会认识风险，因为看不到自己承担的风险就做不出负责的决定。想要认识风险，我们需要知道事情的规则，并对实际情况有所察觉。比方说，一个不清楚剽窃规则的人可能不经意间没有向作者守信便用了他的话或观点，一个在研究过程中没有仔细记录资料来源的人可能无意中忘了将资料标注为引用而直接使用。这样的违规虽然不是有意为之，但“无意”并不能作为行为不端的借口，无知不能作为辩护。But Everybody Does It别说“每个人都这么干”Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts， but manage to fool themselves about the risks theyre taking by using excuses： Everyone else does it， Im not hurting anyone， or I really need this grade Excuses can get very elaborate： I know Im looking at anothers exam， even though Im supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper， but thats not cheating because Im just checking my answers， not copying We must be honest about our actions， and avoid excuses If we fool ourselves into believing were not doing anything wrong， we cant see the real choice were makingand that leads to bad decisions惹祸上身的人中绝大多数都知道规则和事实，但是他们总能找借口来忽悠自己，抹去所承担的风险，比如“人人都这么干”、“我又没害谁”、“我真的需要这个分数”。有些理由还很复杂：“我知道自己有偷看其他人的试卷，虽然我应该只把目光放在自己的卷子上。但那不是作弊，我不过是核对一下答案，没有抄袭。”我们的行为必须诚实，不要给自己找借口。如果我们自欺欺人地让自己相信没有做错事，那么我们将无法看清自己真正的选择，而这会让我们做出糟糕的决定。To avoid fooling yourself， watch out for excuses and try this test： Ask how you would feel if your actions were public， and anyone could be watching over your shoulder Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If youd rather hide your actions， thats a good indication that youre taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself想要避免自欺欺人，小心不要找借口，另外可以尝试做这个测试：扪心自问，如果你的行为是公开的，每个人都可能在监视你的一举一动，你是会感到骄傲呢还是羞愧呢？如果你想隐瞒自己的行为，那就明确意味着你是在冒风险并给自己找借口。Evaluating Risks评估风险To decide whether a risk is worth taking， you must examine the consequences， in the future as well as right now， negative as well as positive， and to others as well as to yourself Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits （whats in it for me）， and simply havent considered what might go wrong The consequences of getting caught are serious， and may include a 0 on a test or assignment； an F in the class； Suspension or Dismissal from school； transcript notation； and a tarnished reputation In fact， when you break a rule or law， you lose control over your life， and give others the power to impose punishment： you have no control over what that punishment might be This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position There may be some matters of life and death， or highest principle， which might justify such a risk， but there arent many things that fall in this category要判断一件事是否值得冒风险，你必须考虑各种后果：现在的将来的，积极的消极的，对己的对人的。那些冒了风险又后悔的人往往是只关注眼前利益（我有什么好处），却没有考虑会造成什么影响。行为被发现的后果非常严重：考试和作业得零分，这门课不及格，被学校停课或开除，被记过，名誉从此有污点。事实上，一旦你违反了规则或法律，你就失去了对自己生活的控制权，同时给了别人惩罚你的权利，而你连对是何种惩罚也没有掌控，这是极度危险脆弱的处境。也许有些理由可以为这一冒险辩护，什么事关生死、什么原则问题，但是没有多少理由可以把你逼入这一境地。Getting Away With ItOr Not侥幸逃脱了？不可能！Those who dont get caught pay an even higher price A cheater doesnt learn from the test， depriving him/herself of an education Cheating undermines confidence and independence： the cheater is a fraud， and knows that without dishonesty， he/she would have failed Cheating destroys selfesteem and integrity， leaving the cheater ashamed， guilty， and afraid of getting caught Worst of all， a cheater who doesnt get caught the first time usually cheats again， not only because he/she is farther behind，