英语听力教程3.doc

unit1Listen to two short extractions. Write down the environmental issues mentioned in them.1. burning of the forests/tree removal(deforestation)/reduction of the worlds rain forests 2. global warming/greenhouse effect/emissions of CO2 Listen to the first part of an interview. Note down the key words in the notes column.Then answer the questions. 1. 2. Growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. But if there isnt enough rain the crops dont grow. 3. People try to grow food to support themselves or to create ranches where cattle can be raised, or to get hardwood for export, or to make way for an iron ore mine. Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the first part of the interview. Complete the outline. Outline (I)I. Environmental problems in different continents A. Africa 1. Sahara Desert expansion 2. no grass for animals to eat(East Africa) B. North America & most of Europe 1. situation-intensive farming/agriculture 2. potential problem top soil blowing away C. South America, Central Africa & Southern Asia 1. problem tropical forests destruction 2.consequences a. soil - thin - unproductive - wasteland b. animal/plant species becoming extinct c. climate change for the whole world Listen to the second part of the interview. Note down the key words in the notes column. Then answer the question. 1.Trees would hold rainfall in their roots. When forests in the higher up-river have been destroyed, all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river and starts the flooding. 2. He implies that some national governments just consider the results of their policies in the near future, or just think as far ahead as the next election. Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the first part of the interview. Complete the outline. Outline(II)II. Reason for some natural disasters mainly man-madeA. flooding in Bangladesh B. flooding in Sudan III. Action to be taken A. national governments forward-looking B. population control C. stopping using hardwood for furniture-making D. educating people to realize the consequences Listen to the material. Complete the outline. Outline I. Warming up of the world A. average temperature B. yearly increase II. Causes of global warming III. Effects of global warming A. great changes in rainfall B. rise in the sea level C. reduced potential for food production D. health and social problems 1. environmental refugees2.change of patterns of distribution of insects and infective agents 3. change of patterns of heat-related food poisoning, etc. IV. Time to take actionListen to the following news report. Decide whether the statements are true or false. Put T or F in the brackets. F 1. Water consumption in some parts of the world has increased tenfold. F 2. Oil will be the cause of warfare in the next century. F 3. The number of people affected by water shortage will increase five fold over the next 20 years. F 4. The main reason why water is becoming a scarce resource is agriculture since it now accounts for 90% of water consumption worldwide. T 5. In some regions water shortage is now the biggest impediment tofeeding the population. Now listen to some simple tips to help you Save It save energy. Complete the dos and donts. Dos Donts Rough-dry your towels and nylon things. Dont attempt to iron everything. Cut out unnecessary lighting. Dont turn the iron up too high. Do without a wall-fire if you can. Dont leave the kettle to boil away. Defrost the fridge regularly. Dont fill the kettle to the brim for only a cup of tea. Before using your washing machine, wait until youve a full load. Dont put hot food in the fridge. Cook a complete meal in the oven and Save It on the rings and grill. unit2 Listen to some abbreviations and acronyms of some organizations and some information about them. Fill in the blanks. IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature, is the organization established by the United Nations to promote the conservation of wildlife and habitats as part of the national policies of member states.CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, is an international agreement under the auspices of the IUCN with the aim of regulating trade in endangered species of animals and plants. The agreement came into force 1975 and by 1991 had been signed by 110 states. It prohibits any trade in a category of 8 000 highly endangered species and controls trade in a further 30 000 species.UNEP United Nations Environmental Program, aims to provide leadership and encourage partnerships in caring for the environment by inspiring information and enabling nations and people to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations.WWF World Wide Fund for Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund), is an international organization established 1961 to raise funds for conservation by public appeal. Projects include conservation of particular species, for example, the tiger and giant panda. In 1990, it had 3.7 million members in 28 countries and an annual income of over 100 million. Its headquarters are in Gland, Switzerland. Listen to the conversation. Match column A, which is a list of the names of some endangered animals, with column B, which gives the information about those endangered animals. Then answer the questions. Column A Column B1. Whales 2 bludgeoned to death for fur coats 2. Seals 4 killed to make handbags and shoes3. Turtles 5 hunted for their ivory 4. Crocodiles 1, 6 hunted to extinction 5. Walruses (海象) 3 eggs rolled off and slaughtered for meat and oil 6. Dolphins Questions: 1. What do people at the World Wildlife Fund work for according to the woman?They work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife.2. What are they doing in order to protect those endangered animals?They are campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species. Protected nesting sites for turtles have been set up.3. Can you guess the meaning of sea sanctuaries?It refers to the places of safety in the sea where sea animals are protected and allowed to live freely.Listen to a news report.While listening for the first time ,add more key words in the notes column accordinng to the following cues. While listening for the second time, supply the information. Event: Christmas bird counts Time: from Christmas to Jan. 3rd Sponsored by: the National Audubon Society Participants: Numbers: more than 40 000 volunteers Background: from all 50 states of the U.S., every Canadian province, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands Number of bird counts this year: more than 1 600 separate bird counts The logistics of bird counts: Each individual count is in a 15 mile diameter circle around the exact center point. Origin of the National Audubon Society: It was named after an American artist John James Audubon, who illustrated birds in their natural habitats.The Society was founded in the late 1800s by conservationists concerned with the decline of birds. Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the report. Complete the summary of this years Christmas bird counts. Christmas bird counts will start from Christmas to January 3rd., sponsored by the National Audubon Society. This year more than 40 000 volunteers from the U.S., Canada, parts of Central and South America,Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands will be outside countingbirds The counts are not only for experienced bird watchers but anyone that is interested or concerned as well. This year more than 1 600 separate bird counts have been scheduled. Some would have a few as 10 people taking part, others with hundreds. Every individual count is in a 15 mile diameter circle around the exact center point. Bird counters can get a good idea of the total bird populationswithin the count circle based on the number of birds they actually see.The traditional Christmas bird count is the longest-running bird census in ornithology.Listen to the news interview. There are five persons in it. Match column A with column B to indicate whos who. Then write out the thesis statements they are arguing about. Column A Column B 1. Alan Tu 1 an announcer for Colorado Public Radio (CPR) 2. Peter Jones 3 a former navy dolphin trainer 3. Rick Troud 4 a biology professor 4. Deborah Duffield 5 an environmentalist & explorer 5. Jean Michel Cousteau 2 a reporter for CPR Thesis Statement No. 1: Dolphins should be kept in captivity. Thesis Statement No. 2: There are educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity. Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the interview. Write out each persons pros (agree with the thesis) or cons (disagree with the thesis) for each thesis statement in note form. Dolphins should be kept in captivity Pros Cons Rick Troud cant live full lives separated from mother stress (family-oriented) concrete tank sonar bouncing off cant swim more Jean Michel Cousteau rejecting captivity suicidal sophisticated brain Deborah Duffield little difference in average age of death; life getting better for captive dolphins There are educational benefits of keepingmarine mammals in captivity Pros Cons Rick Troud anti-educational natural behavior patterns altered beating each other to death; suffering from fractured skulls, ribs or jaws Deborah Duffield playing an important role in basic under- standing of the animals cant learn from animals in the wild how they operate, breed, what they need, etc.Listen to what Mr. LeBaron says about the information concerning birds. Complete the outline. Outline I. Total number of known species about 9300 II. Habitat A. larger numbers living in the warmer climates e.g. more than 300 different species counted in Panama B. far fewer species native to colder climates III. Value A. importance to the environment 1. indicator of the quality of environment 2. sensitive to habitat alteration B. esthetic value 1. getting pleasure out of looking at birds and listening to birds 2. mental quality of life degraded without birds IV. birds population A. some species declining B. many types increasing Scientists have cataloged more than one and one-half million of the speciesthat exist on Earth today. By some recent estimates, at least 20 times that many species inhabit the planet. Up to 100 species become extinct every day. Scientists estimate thatthe total number of species lost each year may climb to 40 000 by the year2000, a rate far exceeding any in the last 65 million years. Around the world more than 3 500 protected areas exist in the form of parks, wildlife refuges and other reserves. These areas cover a total of about 2 million square miles (5 million square km, or 3% of our total land area). Today, more than 200 animal species in the United States are classified as endangered. More than 1 000 animal species are endangered worldwide. Little-noticed aquatic animals are in big trouble. In North America, a third of our fish species, two-thirds of our crayfish species and nearly three-quarters of the mussel species are in trouble.unit3 Listen to the weather report. Fill in the information. Places Weather conditions Temperatures Berlin Mostly cloudy -2 Brussels Partly sunny 1 London Mostly cloudy 5 Paris Partly cloudy 0 Rome Periods of clouds and sunshine 8 Vienna Cloudy -2 Athens Periods of clouds and sunshine 10 Belgrade Mostly cloudy 1 Istanbul Partly sunny 5 Kiev Expecting snow -7 Moscow Snowy -9 Prague Snowy flurries -4 Washington D.C. Expecting snow Listen to the following news report. Complete the chart.Trend to be watched next century Getting warmer Green house effect(1998 - hottest) Global warming effects rising sea levels affecting coastal areas changes in climate zones what crops can be grown;in what regions Major IssuesListen to the explanation. Complete the information in the chart.Name Place Time Ocean storm Northern part of world; near equator Late summer or autumn Cyclone North or south of equator in the Indian Ocean Typhoon Western Pacific Ocean or China Sea Hurricane Eastern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean Listen to the report. Complete the outline of EI Nino. Outline I. General information on EI Nino A. nature a cyclic weather pattern that affects the global climate B. frequency and length 1. normally showing up about twice a decade, in four year cycles. 2. lasting about 12-18 months C. evidence 1. bringing warmer weather to parts of the earch 2. some regions becoming wetter than usual, others drier. D. time beginning with the decline of winds pulling cold water away from South sAmericas west coast to around the equator II. Impacts around the world A. impacts on the weather 1. droughts 2. flooding B. hard on fishing industry III. Difficulty of prediction Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the report. Write a summary about EI Nino. Use the outline you have completed as cues. El Nino is a cyclic weather pattern that affects the global climate. It normally shows up about twice a decade and it lasts about 12-18 months. As it brings warmer weather to parts of the earth, some regionsbecome wetter than usual while others drier. El Nino usually begins with the decline of winds pulling cold wateraway from South Americas west coast to around the equator. This allowswarm water in the western Pacific Ocean to expand eastward toward the Americas. At the same time, the clouds and rain over the warm watermove eastward too. El Ninos can change the weather around the world. It can cause droughts as well as rains and flooding. They are also hard on the South American fishing industry, causing fish stocks to become depletive.However, El Nino is hard to predict because the strength of it depends on how winds affect the Calvin wave that has moved across the Pacific.Listen to the material. Guess the meaning of following words and phrase. Match column A with column B.Column A Column B 1. eucalyptus 8 the exchange of one thing for another 2. seismographic station 7 an affectionate and slightly sad feeling that one has for the past 3. dome 6 connecting with heaven 4. in motion 5 property in the form of buildings and land 5. real estate 3 a round roof 6. celestial 4 happening already 7. nostalgia 2 a place where instruments are used to measure and record the vibration of earthquakes 8. trade-off 1 a kind of evergreen tree Listen again. Supply the missing information about Lick Observatory and the largest telescope in it. Lick Observatory Location An hours drive from the outskirts of San Jose, California; at the summit of Mount Hamilton Origin of the name Getting its name from a wealthy businessman Number of telescopes held Eight The largest telescope held by Lick Observatory Size One meter diameter reflecting lens; the second largest telescope of its kind Time when it was completed 1888 Present function Used for some research; mostly used as an educational tool for teachers and visitors Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the material. Complete the chart by comparing the 19th century telescope with the modern ones. Then answer the questions. 19th century telescope Telescopes connected to electronic imaging devices Way of observation Direct viewing with human eyes; sitting out in the cold Viewing celestial objects on TV screen Gains and losses Romance; going out every now and then; keeping track of the sky Nice; efficiency; divorced from reality/universe Questions 1. Why does the speaker say that those telescopes are overlooking the world of computer age manufacturing?Because Lick Observatory is near Silicon Valley, a region of the states high-technology. 2. Why is Lick Observatory a memorial to the businessman from whom it got its name?Because Lick Observatory was built on his estate and he was buried at the base of the telescope at his own request. 3. What does Mr.Stone mean by saying Its a trade-off?By using the 19th century telescope, you have a feeling of romance with direct viewing with the human eyes. By using the modern devices, you lose that romance but gain the efficiency. Thats an exchange. Complete the outline according to what you hear about the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) in U.S.A. Outline I. General information about NCDC A. establishment formed in 1951, as a record center for Americas Department of Commerce B. headquarters in the southern city of Asheville, North Carolina C. equipment used to learn about the weather satellites, radar, solar radiation systems, airplanes, ships II. Functions A. collecting weather records gathered by a number of weather observers and U.S. government agencies B. collecting weather records from around the world C. assisting in production of written records, weather maps and pictures D. producing publications about earth environment E. receiving requests for information from all over the world Now listen again. Focus on some specific information and answer the questions. 1. Could you mention some of the weather observers and government agencies that provide weather