土木工程专业英语常考单词.doc

单词 一、intersections 交叉，十字路口pavement 路面，人行道prestressed 预应力的drainage 排水，排水系统，污水erosion 侵蚀，腐蚀two-lane roads 双车道公路traffic volume 交通量cross section 横截面flexible pavement 柔性路面asphalt pavement 沥青路面rigid pavement 刚性路面fatigue failure 疲劳失效drainage facilities 排水设施subbase 底基层surface 面层design speed 设计速度design traffic volume 设计交通量number of lanes 车道数level of service (LOS) 公路等级Sight distance 视距cross section 横断面ane width 车道宽alignment super -elevation, and grades 超高 和等级划分单词 二、civil engineering 土木工程 surveying 测量，测量学 water resources engineering 水利资源工程 environmental engineering 环境工程coastal engineering 海岸工程earthquake engineering 地震工程structural engineering 结构工程geotechnical engineering 岩土工程transportation engineering交通工程facilities 设施disciplines 学科foundations 基础（建筑基础）construction 施工、建造单词 三、bridges 桥梁highways 公路sewers下水道underground water systems 地下水系统forces 荷载structural framework 结构骨架concrete 混凝土durability 耐久性resistance to fire 耐火性strength 强度compression 压力tension 张力 拉力brittle material脆性材料settlement 沉降statics 静力学theelastic modulus（弹性模量）concrete mix（配合比）age（龄期）long-term loads 永久荷载 short-term loads 短期荷载aggregates 骨料单词 四、Crack裂缝shrinkage cracking 收缩裂缝tension cracking 张拉裂缝cement 水泥portland cement 硅酸盐水泥beam 梁creep 蠕变concrete Creepdeformation 变形strain 应变stress 应力the elastic strain 弹性应变yield point 屈服点reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土单词 五、ductility 延展性tensile 拉伸corrosion 腐蚀性 binder material 粘结剂coefficient of thermal expansion 热膨胀系数asphalt pavement 沥青路 traffic load 交通荷载limit States极限状态ultimate limit state最终极限状态（承载能力极限状态）special limit states 特殊极限荷载serviceability limit states 正常使用极限状态limit 一 states Design极限状态设计rigid 刚性flexible 柔性的rupture 破裂instability 失稳deformations of the structure 结构的变形structural Safety 结构安全性Truss 桁架，构架；Cantilever 悬臂Girder 大梁Plasticity 粘性 塑性brittle 脆性deflection 挠度，偏转cable-stayed bridges 斜拉桥composite construction 组合结构elastic-plastic range 弹塑性范围brittle fracture 脆性破坏arches 拱桥单词 六、solid brick masonry 实心砌体skeleton structure 框架结构high-rise buildings 高层建筑air-conditioning 空气调节系统load-bearing outer wall 承重外墙bearing wall 承重墙sky-scraping construction 摩天建筑七、将下列英文句子划线部份的短语翻译成中文例句：1、As a result of bending the upper part of the beam is compressed and the lower half is stretched. If its （1）compressive strength is too low, it will buckle; if its （2）tensile strength is too low, it will break. Key：（1）抗压强度 （2）抗拉强度2、Studies are made to estimate（3） the amount of bridge traffic,（4） the relief of jammed traffic in nearby highway networks, the effects on the regional economy, and the cost of the bridge. Key：（3） 桥梁交通量 （4）拥堵交通的缓解八、将下列英文句子翻译成中文例句：1、Before the design and construction of a new highway or highway improvement can