2016中考英语：短文填空题(12选10)答题指导与练习.doc

2016中考英语：短文填空题(12选10)答题指导与练习一、短文填空题型说明短文填空也叫综合填空，其特点是将一篇短文中的若干个词抽出后，要求考生根据短文的意思，在每个空格中填上一个词，使短文意思完整正确。它是测试同学们理解能力及对词汇、语法和习惯用法等的掌握情况的一种形式。这是中考中一个比较难的项目。其原因是考点不明确：凡涉及英文的理解、词汇、语法和习惯用法的都可以考。内容更是包罗万象：天文地理、历史人文、科技发展、旅游广告等。要求同学们在读通、读懂的基础上，填出符合内容和语法的词或词组。凡是课文中学到的词汇和语法都是考试的范围，各种介词、副词和习惯用法也会经常考到。尤其对于长句子，特别要注意其结构，要精确地分析句子成分。在做综合填空时，要养成快速阅读全文的习惯。句子读得越快越长，理解的精度就越高。根据其难度的不同又分为选词填空题、限词填空题和自由填空题。二、短文填空解题思路1. 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。三、做短文填空题的注意之处1. 语义完整、适用是做好填词的前提，要从全文的内容出发，前后上下联系起来考虑，避免“只见树木，不见森林”的错误。2. 要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找线索，从中得到提示和启发，帮助确定应填词的词性和词形，这样可避免想当然地随意乱填。3. 填词时应注意词形，不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式;若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级;如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。4. 有些空格需要填入介词、连词等，除考虑上下文的内容外，还要考虑和其他词的固定搭配及其习惯用法。5. 选词填空题和限词填空题一般只有一个答案，自由填空题虽然可能允许有多个正确答案，但只能选择其中一个填入，因为完形填空题每个空格只准填写一个单词，多填反而出错。1Pass use open close with break help so other another pleasant doAmerican people like to say “Thank you” whenever others _ them or say something kind to them. People of many countries do _, too. It is a very good habit(习惯).You should say “thank you” when someone _ you the salt on the table, when someone walking ahead of you keeps the door _ for you, when someone says you have _ your work well, or you have bought a nice thing, or your city is very beautiful. “Thank you” is _ not only between friends, but also between parents and children, brothers and sisters, husbands and wives. “Excuse me” is _ short sentence they use. When you hear someone say so behind you, you know that somebody wants to walk past you _ touching you.Its not polite to _ others while they are talking. If you want to speak to one of them, say “Excuse me” first, and then begin talking. You should also do so when you want to cough or make any _ noise before others.Lets all learn to say “Thank you” and “Excuse me”.2Snow rain become get from lose write put in care wet dryOnce Einstein(爱因斯坦) was waiting for a friend on a bridge. While waiting, he became _ in thought (陷入沉思). It began _. The rain kept on for some time. When Einstein _ out a piece of paper _ his pocket _ something down, the paper was _ and then he knew that it was raining. His clothes _wet from the rain. But after he _ the paper into his pocket, he again forgot he was standing _ the rain.Many scientists are careless about how they live. That is because they are too _ in their studies.3Ask like for cut soon have pass past why meet if agreeA barber( 理发师) was working when a tall man came in with a boy of about ten after him. The barber was _ to give him a shave(刮脸) and the child a haircut(理发)After the man had his shave, he told the barber that he would _ to go down the street _ a drink while the barber _ the boys hair. The man also promised the boy that he would be back _.It took the barber long to give the boy a haircut. Another half an hour _ and the boy was still kept waiting. In the end the barber asked the boy _ his father was away so long.The small boy told the barber that the man was not his father at all. He said he _him in the street and was asked _ he would like to have a haircut. He _ and followed the man here for a haircut.4Quick food much when kitchen so such send bring still surprise manyMany years ago, an English family were living in China. One evening an important Chinese officer came to visit them. It got later and later, and he _ didnt go, so the hostess( 女主人) invited him to have dinner with them. But she had very little _ in the house, so she _went to the kitchen and spoke to her Chinese cook. He said, “It is all right. You will have a very good dinner.”_ they all sat down to eat, the lady was very _ because there was _very good food on the table.After the dinner, the hostess ran to the _ and said to the cook, “How do you made _ a good meal in half an hour?”“I didnt make it, madam,” he said, “I _ one of the servants( 仆人) to the Chinese officers house, and he _ back the Chinese officers dinner.”5Third long arrive still now to pass begin after something hour otherBob was tired of waiting for his sisters plane to _. The plane should have come at half _ three P.M. and now, seven _later, Bob was _ waiting. There had been _times for him to hear the explanation(解释) why the plane was late from the loudspeaker. _ the first time, Bob had _ to eat. The second time he _ to walk in the airport( 飞机场) from one end to _. By the third time hewas tired and hungry. “How _ will this go on?” Bob said to himself.6Big call without more little in house out come weather just windowBefore windows were used , old _ in Europe(欧洲) and Britain were very dark. There great rooms were high _ only one hole on the roof (房顶) to let the smoke _from cooking fire. Later, people began to make the holes _ to have more light and air in their homes.The first English window was _ a small opening in the wall. It was cut long to let in as _ light as possible, and narrow( 狭窄) to keep out the bad _. But more wind than light would _ in if the window was cut long. This is why it was _ “The winds eye”. And the word “_” comes from two ancient(古代的) words for “wind” and “eye”.7While many know hear in each empty both care across before safeEvery day some people are killed while they are crossing the road. _ of these people are old people and children. Old people are often killed because they cant see or _ very well.Children are often killed because they are not _. They forget to look and listen before they _ the road.A car or a bus cant stop if it is going very fast, it will travel many metres _it stops. Some people dont always understand this. They think a car can stop _ a few metres. It is difficult to _ how fast a car moving. The only way to cross the roads _ is to look _ways, right and left. Then if the roads are _, you can cross them.8Good slow study must strong play watch say return mean need hardWhat is best way to study? This is a very important question. Some students often study very _ for long hours. This is a _ habit(习惯), but itis not a better way to study. A good student _ have enough sleep, enough food, enough rest. Every day you _ to take a walk or _ basketball or table tennis or sing songs. When you _ to your studies, you will find yourself _than before and youll learn more.Perhaps we can _ that learning English is like taking Chinese medicine. We _that like Chinese medicine, the effects(效果) of your study come _ but surely. Learn every day and effects will come just like Chinese medicine.9They, careful, be, fact, take, would, other, stand, what , decideI am eighteen years old this year. I _1_ a pupil before and now Im a university student. My mother was my first teacher when I was very little. Then, I had three _2_ teachers in different schools. Now Miss Williams is one of my university teachers.I have never expected that I will be a teacher one day. I am a shy girl and I am afraid of _3_ before many people. I do not know _4_ to say. But I will be a teacher tomorrow! Tomorrow morning!I made this _5_ just two weeks ago. Miss Williams, my English teacher, told me there was a teacher job, just for two weeks in this summer. She asked if I _6_ be interested. I wanted to make some money, so I said ”yes” to her . At once I regretted but it was too late to _7_ my word back.There are about twenty foreign boys and girls in the class. They know very little English. I have_8_ read the book that Williams gave me. Four of the lessons are very simple, in _9_ too simple. I do not know what to do with these few simple words and sentences. I will read the lesson to them, and ask them to read after me, and then ask them to read it_10_. That will be about ten minutes. What shall I do next?( 1 )We can t stop an earthquake(地震), but we can do things to make sure they dont destroy(毁坏) whole cities. First, it is not a 1 ._ idea to build houses along lines where 2. _ of the earths plates(板块) join together. Second, if you think there 3. _ be an earthquake, it is better to build houses on rocks , not on 4. _. Third, you must make the houses as 5. _ as possible. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may 6. _ . Scientists are 7. _ that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the part around San Francisco(旧金山) . They call it “ The Big One ”. However, people today are still building more 8. _ . The population in and around San Francisco is 9. _ ten times more than it was in 1906. This means that 10. _ there is another earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed.( 2 )forget, bring ，mend，beside，luck，pick，same，differently, I ，every , stop，eachMr. Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1 _ him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in London. They were 2 _ there. One day Mr. Brown went to London by train. He 3 _ to take an umbrella with him that day. Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing 4 _ the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr. Brown 5 _ up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he was getting off, he was 6 _ by the man. He said angrily, “Thats 7_ !” Mr. Brown s face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once. When Mr Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at 8 _ of them, he said, “Youve mended them very well.”In the afternoon he got into the train again. The 9 _ man was in the same seat. He looked at Mr Brown and his six umbrellas, “Youve had a 10 _ day,” he said.not speak, call , idea, and, what, garden, hear , quiet , do ,eat ,name say( 3 )A farmer saw an old man growing something on the other side of the river. The farmer 1. _ out to him, “ What are you growing , Grandpa? ” The old man 2 . _ for a moment, then said, “Swim over 3. _ Ill tell you.” The farmer didnt like the 4. _ of swimming across the river. But he wanted to know 5. _ the old man was doing. He swam over. The old man said very 6. _ in his ear, “ Im planting peas in my 7. _ .”“ You should have shouted. I would have 8. _ quite clearly on that side.” Said the farmer.“ Oh, no, I wouldnt 9. _ that . The sparrows would have heard me and 10. _ my peas.”( 4 )telephone , for, lose, so, strong, clever, somebody, good, happy, outside, everybody, atMrs Andrews had a young cat, and it was the cat s first winter. One evening it was 1._when it began to snow heavily. Mrs Andrews looked 2. _it everywhere and shouted its name, but she did not find it, 3. _ she telephone the police and said, “ I have 4. _ a small black cat. Has 5. _ found one? ” “No，madam, ” said the policeman at the other end, “ But cats are really very 6. _ animals. They sometimes live for days in the snow, and when it melts (融化) or somebody finds them, they are quite 7. _ .”Mrs Andrews felt 8. _ when she heard this. “ And ,” she said, “ Our cat is very 9. _. She almost talks. ” The policeman was getting tired, “Well then, ” he said “ Why dont you put your 10._ down? Maybe she is trying to telephone you now.( 5 )tell, hear, listen to , guard, drum, much, fly , army, with, other,way , instructionHere are some old ways to sending messages.An Egyptian( 埃及人) put his ear to the ground. He 1 . _ the horses coming this way. He ran to 2. _ his people . He was a 3. _ . That was one way for Egyptians to send messages.People in 4._ countries sent message, too. When enemies came, one man beat his drum. In the next village people heard the drum and beat their drums, too. The messages went from village to village by 5._ .Much 6. _ , some armies ( 军队) kept many pigeons(鸽子) . These pigeons always 7. _ back. When a soldier was sent far away from his own 8. _ , he might take a pigeon along. He could tie a message to the birds leg. It would fly back 9. _ the soldiers message. These are shown ways to send messages. Can you think of more 10. _?( 6 )before, discover , fast, in, come, watch , so, fastly, it, ago , shine, not canLight travels at a speed( 速度) which is about a million times 1 . _ than that of sound. 2. _ one second, light travels about 300,000 kilometers, but sound travels only 340 meters. You can get some idea of this difference by 3. _ the start of a running match. If you stand far away from the starter(发令员), you can see smoke 4._ from his gun 5._ the sound reaches your ears. The fast speed of light produces some strange facts. The nearest star is 6. _ far away that light which you can see from it tonight started to travel to you four years 7. _ at a speed of nearly two million kilometers every minute. The light from some of tonights started on 8. _ journey towards you even before you were born. So, if we want to be honest(诚实), we 9. _ say , “ The stars are shining brightly tonight.” We have to say, “ The stars look nice. They were 10. _ four years ago but their light has just reached our earth. ”happy, interest, problem, never, get away, eye, run , tire, have, miss ,catch,think( 7 )Aman was sitting in the doctor s office. He was telling the doctor about his 1 . _ .“I like football, Doctor.” He said, “ Please help me. My life has 2. _ been a good one since I became 3. _ in football and it is getting worse and worse. I cant even 4._ from it in my sleep. When I close my 5._, Im out there in the football field and 6. _after a flying ball. When I wake up, Im more 7. _than I was before I went to bed. What am I going to do? ” The doctor sat back and said, “ First of all, you 8. _to do your best not to dream(做梦) about football. Before you fall asleep, try to 9. _about something else. Try to think that you are at a party and someone is going to give you several million dollars.”“ Are you crazy (疯了) ?” the man shouted, “ Ill 10. _ the ball !”( 8 )other, move, enough, find ,desert, make, use , another, friend , carry , trouble, friendYou may think there is nothing but sand in the desert of the world, but it is not true. In the desert we can 1._ stones. We can see hills, too. There is a little rain in the 2._, but it is not 3. _ for most plants.The animals are 4. _ to the desert people in many ways. The desert people eat the meat and drink the milk of the animals. They use their skins to 5. _ shoes, water bags and even tents( 帐篷). They use the camels(骆驼) for 6. _ things.The people of the desert have to keep 7. _ from places to place. They must always look for grass or desert plants for their animals. They usually live in the tents. When there is mo more food for their animals, they take down their tents, put them on the camels and move to 8. _ place. The desert people are very 9. _. No man in the desert would ever refuse to help the people in 10._ and give them food and water.( 9 )how, they ,winter, summer， spend, care , dance , take, show , open , only, goodThe world of the out-of doors is full of secrets. And 1. _ are so interesting that quite a lot of people are busy studying them. All around us are birds, animals, trees and flowers. The facts about 2._ they live and grow are as interesting as anything could be.Do you know that one of the great presidents of the United States 3 _ hours and hours studying birds? A businessman who lives near New York City became so interested in insects( 昆虫) that he began to collect them. He now has more than one thousand different kinds 4. _ kept in the glass boxes. Come then with me, and I will help you find some of Natures secrets. Let us go quietly through the woods and fields. Here we shall find how a rabbit tells the other rabbits that there is danger. We shall follow a mother bear and her young ones as they search for food and get ready for 5. _ sleep. We shall watch bees 6. _ in the air to let other bees know where they can find food. I will 7._ you many other interesting things, but the 8. _ thing that I can teach you is to keep your eyes and ears 9._ when you go out of doors. Nature tells her secrets 10._ to people who look and listen carefully.( 10 )two, sudden , cold, teach, in surprise, French, hot, beard, photo, office, passport, ChinaMr Hill arrives at London Airport, at t