Sympowersysterms部分模块翻译.doc

Breaker Implement circuit breaker opening at current zero crossing实现电路断路器在电流过零时断开Library ElementsDescriptionThe Breaker block implements a circuit breaker where the opening and closing times can be controlled either from an external Simulink signal (external control mode), or from an internal control timer (internal control mode).断路器模块实现了开闭时间由外部Simulink信号（外部控制模式）或内部控制定时器（内部控制模式）可控的电路断路器。A series Rs-Cs snubber circuit is included in the model. It can be connected to the circuit breaker. If the Breaker block happens to be in series with an inductive circuit, an open circuit or a current source, you must use a snubber.一系列Rs-Cs缓冲电路包含在模型中。它可以连接到断路器。如果发生断路器模块串联一个电感电路、一个开路或一个电流源，你必须使用一个缓冲电路。When the Breaker block is set in external control mode, a Simulink input appears on the block icon. The control signal connected to the Simulink input must be either 0 or 1 (0 to open the breaker, 1 to close it). 当断路器块被设置在外部控制模式下，模块图标上出现的Simulink输入端。连接到Simulink的输入端控制信号必须是0或1（0打开断路器， 1关闭）。When the Breaker block is set in internal control mode, the switching times are specified in the dialog box of the block.当断路器块被设置在内部控制模式下，开关时间在模块的对话框中指定。When the breaker is closed, it is represented by a resistance Ron. The Ron value can be set as small as necessary in order to be negligible compared with external components (a typical value is 10 mohms). When the breaker is open, it has an infinite resistance.当断路器闭合，它由内部电阻代表。 为了与外部元件（典型值是10毫欧）相比是可以忽略的，内部电阻值有必要设置的很小。当断路器是断开的，它具有无穷大的电阻。The arc extinction process is simulated by opening the breaker device when its current passes through 0 at the first current zero crossing following the transition of the Simulink control input from 1 to 0. Simulink的控制输入从1变为0且在第一次电流过零点，断路器的电流过零时，灭弧过程由断开的断路器设备模拟。Operation动作 The Breaker closes when 闭合Conditions条件 Control signal goes to 1 (for discrete systems, control signal must stay at 1 for at least 3 times the sampling period)控制信号变为1（离散系统，控制信号必须至少在3次采样周期保持为1）Operation动作 The Breaker opens when 断开Conditions条件 Control signal goes to 0 控制信号变为0 Breaker current passes through 0 断路器电流过零Note注意 The Breaker block may not be the appropriate switching device to use for DC circuits. For such applications, it is recommended that you use the Ideal Switch block as a switching device.对于直流电路，断路器块可能不是合适的开关设备。 对于这样的应用，建议你使用理想开关模块作为开关器件。 Dialog Box and Parameters对话框和参数Breaker resistance Ron 内部电阻The internal breaker resistance, in ohms (). The Breaker resistance Ron parameter cannot be set to 0.断路器内部电阻，单位是欧姆。断路器内部电阻参数不能设置为0。Initial state 初始状态The initial state of the breaker. A closed contact is displayed in the block icon when the Initial state parameter is set to 1, and an open contact is displayed when it is set to 0.断路器的初始状态。 当初始状态参数设置为1时，一个常闭触点显示在模块图标上；当它被设置为0时，显示常开触点。If the breaker initial state is set to 1 (closed), the software automatically initializes all the states of the linear circuit and the Breaker block initial current, so that the simulation starts in steady state.如果断路器初始状态设置为1（闭合），该软件会自动初始化的线性电路的所有状态和断路器模块初始电流，以便模拟从稳态开始。Snubber resistance Rs 过渡电阻The snubber resistance, in ohms (). Set the Snubber resistance Rsparameter to inf to eliminate the snubber from the model. 过渡电阻单位是欧姆。将过渡电阻设置为无穷大来消除模型的缓冲。Snubber capacitance Cs 过渡电容The snubber capacitance, in farads (F). Set the Snubber capacitance Cs parameter to 0 to eliminate the snubber, or to inf to get a resistive snubber.过渡电容，单位farads ( F )；将过渡电容设置为0消除缓冲，设置为无穷大获得一个电阻缓冲。Switching times开关时间Specifies the vector of switching times when using the Breaker block in internal control mode. At each switching time the Breaker block opens or closes depending on its initial state. For example, if the Initial state parameter is 0(open), the breaker closes at the first switching time, opens at the second switching time, and so on. The Switching times parameter is not visible in the dialog box if the External control of switching times parameter is selected.当以内部的控制方式使用断路器模块时，规定切换时间的矢量。在每一次切换时间断路器模块闭合或断开依赖于其初始的状态。例如，如果初始状态参数是0 (断开)，断路器在第一段转换的时间闭合，在第二段转换的时间断开，如此等等。如果选择了切换时间的外部控制方式，切换时间参数在对话框中是不可见的。External control of switching times 外部控制切换时间If selected, adds a Simulink input to the Breaker block for external control of the switching times of the breaker. The switching times are defined by a logical signal (0or 1) connected to the Simulink input.如果选择此项，为了断路器的切换时间的外部控制，把一Simulink输入端添加到断路器模块。切换时间通过连接到Simulink输入端的的一个逻辑信号( 0或1)被定义。Measurements 测量Select Branch voltage to measure the voltage across the Breaker block terminals.选择“支路电压”，测量断路器模块端子电压。Select Branch current to measure the current flowing through the Breaker block. If the snubber device is connected to the breaker model, the measured current is the one flowing through the breaker contacts only.选择“支路电流”，测量流过断路器的电流。如果缓冲装置连接到断路器模型，测得的电流是流经断路器触点的电流。Select Branch voltage and current to measure the breaker voltage and the breaker current. 选择“支路电压和电流”，测量断路器的电压和电流。Place a Multimeter block in your model to display the selected measurements during the simulation. 将万用表块放置在你的模型，在模拟过程中会显示要测的量。In the Available Measurements list box of the Multimeter block, the measurement is identified by a label followed by the block name:在万用表的可测量的列表框中，测量值由模块名称加标签来标识。Limitations限制因数 When the block is connected in series with an inductor or another current source, you must add the snubber circuit. In most applications you can use a resistive snubber (Snubber capacitance parameter set to inf) with a large resistor value (Snubber resistance parameter set to 1e6 or so). Because of modeling constraints, the internal breaker inductance Ron cannot be set to 0.当模块串联一个电感或另一个电流源时，你必须添加缓冲电路。 在大多数应用中，你可以使用一个有大电阻值（ 缓冲电阻参数设置为1e6等）的缓冲电阻（ 缓冲电容的参数设置为无穷大）。 由于模型的限制，断路器内部电阻不能设为0。You must use a stiff integration algorithm to simulate circuits with the Breaker block. ode23tb with default parameters usually gives the best simulation speed.你必须使用一种刚性综合算法用断路器模块模拟电路。带有缺省参数的ode23t通常给出了最好的仿真速度。For discretized models, the control signal must stay at 1 for a minimum of 3 sampling time periods to correctly close the Breaker block, otherwise the device stays open.对于离散模型，控制信号至少在3段采样周期保持为1才能正确地闭合断路器，否则断路器保持在断开状态。Example 举例The power_breaker demo illustrates a circuit breaker connected in series with a series RL circuit on a 60 Hz voltage source. The switching times of the Breaker block are controlled by a Simulink signal. The breaker device is initially closed and an opening order is given at t = 1.5 cycles, when current reaches a maximum. The current stops at the next zero crossing, then the breaker is reclosed at a zero crossing of voltage at t = 3 cycles.power_breaker 演示解释了在60HZ电压源下，与一系列RL电路串联的电路断路器。 断路器模块的开关时间由Simulink信号控制。 断路器设备初始状态是闭合的，在t = 1.5个周期，电流达到最大值时，断路器断开。在下一个过零点电流停止，然后断路器在t = 3个周期的电压过零点重新闭合。Note that the breaker device opens only when the load current has reached zero, after the opening order。请注意只有在负载电流为零，并给出了断开命令时，断路器设备才会断开。Linear Transformer 线性变压器Implement two- or three-winding linear transformer实现两绕组或三绕组的线性变压器Library 库Elements元素Description说明The Linear Transformer block model shown consists of three coupled windings wound on the same core.图中显示的线性变压器模块模型在同一个铁心上包含三个耦合绕组。The model takes into account the winding resistances (R1 R2 R3) and the leakage inductances (L1 L2 L3), as well as the magnetizing characteristics of the core, which is modeled by a linear (Rm Lm) branch.该模型考虑到了绕组电阻（ R1，R2 ，R3）和泄漏电感（ L1，L2， L3 ）以及铁心的磁化特性，铁心的磁化特性是由线性支路(Rm Lm) 模拟。The Per Unit Conversion 标幺值转换In order to comply with industry, the block allows you to specify the resistance and inductance of the windings in per unit (pu). The values are based on the transformer rated powerPn , in VA, nominal frequency fn, in Hz, and nominal voltage Vn, in Vrms, of the corresponding winding. For each winding, the per unit resistance and inductance are defined as为了符合行业标准，模块准许你以标幺值具体指定绕组的电阻和电感。该数值是根据变压器每个绕组的额定功率Pn（单位是VA）、额定频率fn（单位是 Hz）和额定电压Vn（单位是Vrms）来指定的。对于每个绕组，电阻和电感标幺值被定义为The base impedance, base resistance, base reactance, and base inductance used for each winding are用于每个绕组的基准阻抗, 基准电阻, 基准电抗, 基准电感是For the magnetization resistance Rm and inductance Lm, the pu values are based on the transformer rated power and on the nominal voltage of winding 1.对于磁化电阻Rm和磁化电感Lm，标幺值数值是由变压器的额定功率和一次绕组的额定电压决定的。For example, the default parameters of winding 1 specified in the dialog box section give the following bases:例如，在对话框部分指定的一次绕组的默认参数按如下基准值设置：Suppose that the winding 1 parameters are R1 = 4.32 and L1 = 0.4586 H; the corresponding values to be entered in the dialog box are假设一次绕组参数为R1 = 4.32 ， L1 = 0.4586 H ;在对话框中输入相应的值To specify a magnetizing current of 0.2% (resistive and inductive) based on nominal current, you must enter per unit values of 1/0.002 = 500 pu for the resistance and the inductance of the magnetizing branch. Using the base values calculated previously, these per unit values correspond to Rm = 1.08e6 ohms and Lm = 2866 henries.要指定一个0.2额定电流的磁化电流（阻性和感性），你必须为励磁支路的电阻和电抗输入500单位的标幺值数值。根据先前计算的基准值，这些对应的数值为电阻是1.08e6 欧姆，电抗是2866亨利。Modeling an Ideal Transformer理想变压器建模 To implement an ideal transformer model, set the winding resistances and inductances to 0, and the magnetization resistance and inductance (Rm Lm) to inf.为了建立一个理想的变压器模型，设置绕组的电阻和电感为0，磁阻和磁感为无穷大。Dialog Box and Parameters对话框和参数Units单位Specify the units used to enter the parameters of the Linear Transformer block. Select pu to use per unit. Select SI to use SI units. Changing the Units parameter from pu to SI, or from SI to pu, will automatically convert the parameters displayed in the mask of the block. The per unit conversion is based on the transformer rated power Pn in VA, nominal frequency fn in Hz, and nominal voltage Vn, in Vrms, of the windings.指定用于输入的线性变压器的模块参数的单位。pu表示标幺值。SI表示国际单位制。改变单位参数，模块面板上显示的参数将自动转换。标幺值转换依赖于变压器绕组的额定功率(单位是VA)、额定频率(单位是Hz）和额定电压（单位是Vrms）。Nominal power and frequency额定功率和频率 The nominal power rating Pn in volt-amperes (VA) and frequency fn, in hertz (Hz), of the transformer. Note that the nominal parameters have no impact on the transformer model when the Units parameter is set to SI.变压器的额定功率Pn以VA为单位，频率以HZ为单位。须注意的是，当单位参数设置为SI时，额定参数对变压器模型没有影响。Winding 1 parameters一次绕组参数 The nominal voltage V, in volts RMS, resistance, in pu or ohms, and leakage inductance, in pu or henries. The pu values are based on the nominal power Pn and on V1. Set the winding resistances and inductances to 0 to implement an ideal winding.额定电压V是有效值，单位伏特，电阻单位是标幺值或欧姆，漏感单位是标幺值或亨利。标幺值数值依据变压器的额定功率Pn和一次绕组的额定电压设定。绕组的电阻和电感设置为0,可以实现一个理想的绕组。 Winding 2 parameters 二次绕组参数The nominal voltage V2 in volts RMS, resistance, in pu or ohms, and leakage inductance, in pu or henries. The pu values are based on the nominal power Pn and on V2. Set the winding resistances and inductances to 0 to implement an ideal winding.额定电压V2是有效值，单位伏特，电阻单位是标幺值或欧姆，漏感单位是标幺值或亨利。标幺值数值依据变压器的额定功率和二次绕组的额定电压设定。绕组的电阻和电感设置为0,可以实现一个理想的绕组.Three windings transformer 三绕组变压器If selected, implements a linear transformer with three windings; otherwise, it implements a two-windings transformer.如果选择，可以实现三个绕组的线性变压器，否则，它实现一个双绕组变压器。Winding 3 parameters 三次绕组参数The Winding 3 parameters parameter is not available if the Three windings transformer parameter is not selected.如果没有选择三绕组变压器，那么三次绕组的参数设定是不可用的。The nominal voltage in volts RMS (Vrms), resistance, in pu or ohms, and leakage inductance in pu or henries. The pu values are based on the nominal power Pn and on V3. Set the winding resistances and inductances to 0 to implement an ideal winding.额定电压V3是有效值，单位伏特，电阻单位是标幺值或欧姆，漏感单位是标幺值或亨利。标幺值数值依据变压器的额定功率和三次绕组的额定电压设定。绕组的电阻和电感设置为0,可以实现一个理想的绕组.Magnetization resistance and inductance 磁化电阻和磁化电感The resistance and inductance simulating the core active and reactive losses. When selected, the pu values are based on the nominal power Pn and on V1. For example, to specify 0.2% of active and reactive core losses, at nominal voltage, use Rm = 500 pu and Lm = 500 pu. 磁化电阻和磁化电感模拟了铁心有功和无功损耗。当选择三绕组变压器时，标幺值数值根据变压器的额定功率和一次绕组的额定电压决定。例如，在额定电压下，指定铁心有功和无功损耗的0.2%，需要设置Rm = 500 pu and Lm = 500 pu.。Measurements 测量Select Winding voltages to measure the voltage across the winding terminals of the Linear Transformer block.选择“绕组电压”，通过线性变压器模块的绕组端子来测量电压。Select Winding currents to measure the current flowing through the windings of the Linear Transformer block. 选择“绕组电流”，测量通过线性变压器模块绕组的电流。Select Magnetization current to measure the magnetization current of the Linear Transformer block. 选择“磁化电流”，测量通过线性变压器模块的磁化电流。Select All voltages and currents to measure the winding voltages and currents plus the magnetization current.选择“所有的电压和电流”，测量绕组电压、电流和磁化电流。Place a Multimeter block in your model to display the selected measurements during the simulation. 将万用表块放置在你的模型中，在模拟过程中会显示要测的量。In the Available Measurements list box of the Multimeter block, the measurements are identified by a label followed by the block name.在万用表的可测量的列表框中，测量值由模块名称加标签来标识。Limitations限制因数 Windings can be left floating (that is, not connected to the rest of the circuit). However, an internal resistor is automatically added between the floating winding and the main circuit. This internal connection does not affect voltage and current measurements.绕组可以悬空（即不连接到电路的其余部分）。然而，悬浮绕组和主电路之间会自动添加内部电阻。这种内部连接不影响电压和电流测量。Due to limitations inherent to graph theory and its application to electric network theory as implemented in SimPowerSystems software, the following topologies are unsolvable:由于图论的固有局限性，其在电网络理论及其在SimPowerSystems 软件中的应用实现，都无法解决下面的拓扑结构： Loops containing only ideal transformer secondary windings (for example, delta-connected ideal secondary windings of three-phase transformer). To solve this topology issue, you can add a small impedance in series with the loop. 回路仅仅包含理想变压器的次级绕组（例如，三相变压器的三角形连接的理想的次级绕组）。为了解决这个拓扑问题，你可以在回路中串联一个小电阻。Loops containing only ideal transformer secondary windings and ideal voltage sources. To solve this topology issue, you can add a small impedance in series with the loop.回路仅仅包含理想变压器的次级绕组和理想电压源。为了解决这个拓扑问题，你可以在回路中串联一个小电阻。 Loops containing only ideal transformer secondary windings and capacitors. To solve this topology issue, you can add a small impedance in series with the loop.回路仅仅包含理想变压器的次级绕组和电容器。为了解决这个拓扑问题，你可以在回路中串联一个小电阻。 All topologies where an ideal transformer primary has at least one of its nodes that is connected to elements consisting only of ideal transformer primary windings or current sources (for example, wye-connected three-phase primary windings with floating common point). To resolve this circuit topology, you connect a small resistance to problematic node.一个理想变压器最初至少有一个节点，它的所有拓扑结构都一些元素关联，这些元素仅仅包含理想变压器的初级绕组和电流源（例如，中性点未接地的星形连接的三相初级绕组）。为了解决这个回路拓扑问题，你可以在问题节点处接入一个小阻抗。Load Flow Bus 潮流母线Identify and parameterize load flow bus 识别和参数化潮流母线Library 库Measurements 测量元件Description 说明The Load Flow Bus block is used in three-phase models to specify the bus locations and parameters in order to solve a load flow. The load flow is solved by the Powergui Load Flow tool. You normally connect this block on any phase (A, B, or C) of a three-phase load flow block. Load flow blocks are SimPowerSystems blocks where power and voltage can be specified. They are:潮流总线模块用在三相模型中，用来指定母线的位置和参数，以解决负载流量。潮流由PowerGUI的潮流工具解决。通常，你可以将潮流母线模块连接到三相潮流模块的任意一相（A，B或C），这个潮流模块指的是功率和电压可以指定的SimPowerSystems模块。它们分别是：Asynchronous Machine 异步电动机Simplified Synchronous Machine 简化同步电动机Synchronous Machine 同步电动机Three-Phase Dynamic Load 三相动态负载Three-Phase Parallel RLC Load 三相RLC并联负载Three-Phase Programmable Voltage Source 三相可编程电压源Three-Phase Series RLC Load 三相RLC串联负载Three-Phase Source 三相电源Once the load flow is solved, the bus voltage magnitude and phase angle are displayed below the Load Flow Bus blocks as block annotations. The Load Flow tool lists, for each bus, the active and reactive power transferred to other buses.潮流一旦得到解决，母线电压幅值和相角将作为注释显示在潮流母线模块下方。每个总线的潮流的工具列表将有功和无功转移到其他母线上。When several load flow blocks are connected together at the same bus, only one Load Flow Bus block is required. You can also connect the Load Flow Bus block at a location where you are interested in monitoring the load flow, even if no load flow blocks are connected at that location. In such a case, the Load Flow Bus block must be connected to any phase of a three-phase block (Three-Phase Breaker, Three-Phase PI Section Line, Three-Phase Transformer, and so on).当几个潮流模块连接到同一条母线上时，只需一个潮流母线模块。你也可以在感兴趣监测潮流的地方连接潮流母线模块，即使此处没有潮流模块。在这种情况下，潮流母线模块必须连接到三相模块（三相断路器、 三相型线路、三相变压器等）的任何一相上。Implicit Buses 隐含的母线If you omit to connect a Load Flow Bus block to a load flow block, the Load Flow tool will automatically define an implicit (internal) load flow bus for that block. The bus base voltage of this implicit bus is set to the same value as the nominal voltage of the load flow block. When several load flow blocks are connected together, one nominal voltage is arbitrarily selected among the blocks.如果你在潮流模块上遗漏了潮流母线模块，潮流母线模块会自动为此模块定义一个隐藏（内部）的潮流母线模块。这个隐藏母线的基准电压设置为潮流模块的额定电压。当几个潮流模块连接到同一条母线上时，基准电压可以为几个模块的额定电压的任意一个。Although the Load Flow tool can perform load flow on a model with no Load Flow Bus block in the model (working only with implicit buses), the recommended practice is to connect a Load Flow Bus block everywhere a load flow block exists.尽管潮流工具在没有潮流母线模块的情况下（仅含有隐藏母线）也可以执行潮流分析，但扒荐的做法是在任何含潮流模块的地方连接一个潮流母线模块。Dialog Box and Parameters 对话框和参数The Load Flow Bus parameters are used for model initialization only. They have no impact on the simulation performance.潮流母线参数仅用于初始化模型，对仿真性能没有影响。The block dialog box contains two tabs:Parameters Tab 参数选项卡Load Flow Tab 潮流选项卡Parameters Tab 参数选项卡Bus Identificat