基于混合MCDM方法的班轮运输船港口选择外文文献

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Research in Transportation Business Lee Lam Hsu et al 2015 Hsu Yeo Ng Lee Lam 2015 However in the ANP ap proach for measuring the interrelations among criteria respondents have to compare the relative importance degree among all criteria pairwisely from a specific criterion s perspective In practice it could be difficult for respondents to answer This could greatly decrease the ANP s feasibility in practical application for its difficulty in data col lection Comparing AHP with ANP the former is easy to use but ig nores the interrelations among criteria and the latter considers the interrelations but is limited by the difficulty of practical data collec tion Thus how to improve both the AHP and ANP have been inter esting topics in the methodological research of MCDM The purpose of this paper is to assess the port choice of liner carriers for ship calls In this paper based on the relevant literature and the operating features of liner carriers the port choice factors PCFs for ship calls of liner carriers are first investigated For improving the traditional MCDM approaches a hybrid MCDM approach is then de veloped to evaluate the PCFs weights Based on those weights an as sessment model is finally proposed to assess the port choice of liner https doi org 10 1016 j rtbm 2019 100426 Received 15 July 2019 Received in revised form 6 November 2019 Accepted 23 December 2019 Corresponding author E mail addresses khsu nkust edu tw W K K Hsu sclien nkust edu tw S J Lian hsheree stu edu tw S H S Huang Research in Transportation Business Hsu Huang Hsu Huang 1 1 1 if ijijij jijiji by which the Aa ij n ncan then be expressed as follows a ij aij 1 1 1 if if ij ji 1 1 Based on the IMs data and Eq 1 we have the PF construct s fuzzy positive reciprocal matrix termed asA1 as A 1 000 1 000 1 000 0 111 0 742 5 000 0 200 0 791 7 000 0 167 1 189 7 000 0 200 1 348 9 000 1 000 1 000 1 000 0 167 0 782 9 000 0 167 1 327 9 000 0 143 1 256 5 000 0 111 1 278 6 000 1 000 1 000 1 000 0 167 2 044 8 000 0 143 0 841 6 000 0 111 0 753 6 000 0 125 0 489 6 000 1 000 1 000 1 000 1 3 3 3 2 The consistency tests ofA Based on the Buckley 1985 the PCFs weights i e almu ijijijij inAwere first rewritten as a form of trapezoid fuzzy numbers almmu ijijijijij and then defuzzifed as al m m uin jn 1 2 1 2 ijijijijij 1 4 2 by which theAcan be converted into a crisp matrix A Since A is a crisp matrix its consistency test can thus be tested by traditional AHP way Buckley 1985 by both indexes CI Consistency Index and CR Consistency Ratio n n CI 1 max 3 and CR CI RI 4 in which n is the number of criteria maxis the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix A and the RI represents a randomized index shown in Table 3 Hsu Huang Yuen et al 2012 In practice for linear carriers more cargo volume means more market scale and business opportunities to increase revenue and lower port charge means lower operating cost Patil Russo Musolino Assumma 2016 Both the factors could increase the carriers profits However for port companies charge rate reduction would decrease their revenue leading to decrease profit Thus the policy to increase cargo volume is more feasible than to decrease charge rate for port companies This result may provide practical information for all port companies to make polices in improving their performance in ship calls 4 2 The improved PCF indexes for Kaohsiung Port The results of Table 8 indicate that for Kaohsiung Port currently the PCFs in most need of improvement are Local Cargo volume CV1 Transit cargo volume CV3 Inland intermodal connections PF2 and Import export cargo balance CV2 Based on those results we consulted the four practical experts who had previously revised the survey and suggest some improvement policies for Kaohsiung Port managers 4 2 1 Improving the performance of FTZP Generally for increasing local cargo volume CV1 the most effi cient way is to increase manufacturing investments Taiwan is a small island country with lack of resources Recent years many traditional manufacturers have moved to foreign countries for better investment environment such as lower labor wage lower land cost etc leading to the local cargo volume significantly declined For filling this gap port managers need to consider how to attract more foreign direct invest ments FDIs in manufacturers This paper suggests port company managers may consider to improve the performance of Free Trade Port Zones FTPZs to attract more FDIs In practice a successful FTPZ policy could not only increase local cargo volume CV1 and transit volume CV3 but improve the balance of import and export cargos CV2 In Taiwan the policy of FTZP began in 2002 Currently there are seven FTPZs in Taiwan including six sea ports FTPZs and one airport FTPZ However related reports indicated the trade amount of those FTPZs only accounted for 4 of the annual total import export trade This result indicates the FTPZ performance need be improved for related port authorities 4 2 2 Improving the inland connected transportation Currently there are six container terminal zones in Kaohsiung Port in which the sixth zone is the newest one equipped with the most ad vanced facilities to serve large size ships However for loading un loading large vessels in addition to enhance the equipment and facil ities inside container terminals the connected transportation system to inland also needs to be improved Originally Ministry of Transportation and Communication in Taiwan planned to construct a highway for the inland connected transportations However the plan has been sus pended for environmental contends leading to deteriorate the traffics of connected transportations This could be the main cause of a higher dissatisfaction in PF2 Inland intermodal connections for liner carriers This paper suggests the connected highway of port should be built immediately 5 Conclusion The purpose of this paper is to assess the port choice of liner car riers Specifically this paper proposes an assessment mode based on a hybrid MCDM approach to evaluate the port choice of liner carriers for ship calls The result may provide practical information for port com panies to make policies in improving the performance of ship calls Further the proposed hybrid MCDM approach can improve the tradi tional AHP in term of the interrelations among criteria and the tradi tional ANP in term of the validity in data collection leading to en hancingitspracticalapplications TheproposedhybridMCDM approach can provide a theoretical reference for relevant research in the methodologies of multiple criteria decision makings For validating the assessment model the liner shipping carriers in Kaohsiung Port were empirically investigated The results indicate liner carriers pay much attentions to PCFs cargo volume Local Cargo volume Transit cargo volume and Import export cargo balance This result may provide information for general port companies to make their operating policies Further for Kaohsiung Port managers the results indicate currently the PCFs most necessary to be improved are Local Cargo volume Transit cargo volume Inland intermodal connections and Import export cargo balance CV2 Regarding those results some improvement policies were proposed This result may provide Kaohsiung Port au thority practical information to improve its operating performances in ship calls of carriers In this paper eighteen experts of liner carriers in Taiwan were empirical surveyed to validate the research model To enhance the validity of the questionnaire investigation we adopted an interview Table 8 The Improved PCF Index IPI Layer 1 PCFsLayer 2 PCFs Importance Weights Dissatisfaction Weights IPI Port Features PF PF16 215 034 27 PF26 3912 0710 55 PF35 529 026 81 PF44 984 352 96 Operational Cost OC OC17 526 556 74 OC26 945 605 31 OC37 936 657 22 Cargo Volume CV CV110 678 8412 90 CV210 057 5710 41 CV310 648 4312 27 Port Management TM PM14 796 204 07 PM25 986 485 30 PM36 226 505 53 PM46 176 725 67 Note The boldfaced numbers present the PCFs with higher weights W K K Hsu et al Research in Transportation Business Management xxx xxxx xxxx 7 survey instead of a mailed survey However for better confirmation of the empirical results more representative samples especially in other areas could be conducted in future research References Buckley J J 1985 Fuzzy hierarchical analysis Fuzzy Sets and Systems 17 233 247 Chou C C 2007 A fuzzy MCDM method for solving marine transshipment container port selection problems Applied Mathematics and Computation 186 435 444 Ding J F Dye C Y Liang S Y Chou C C Tseng W J Shyu W H 2016 Evaluating key factors influencing the development of multi country consolidation for ocean freight forwarders in Taiwan The Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 231 342 352 Horenbeek A V Pintelon L 2014 Development of a maintenance performance measurement framework using the analytic network process ANP for maintenance performance 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