最新人教版英语八年级上册Unit1-2知识点整理.doc

Unit1-2 广西玉林市博白县宁潭镇第二初级中学 -刘欣琪1. 1）how often “多久一次;多长时间一次” (询问频率)2）表示“次数”：once（一次），twice（两次），三次或三次以上用“基数词+times”来表示。比如three times（三次）；four times（四次）; three or four times 三次或四次3)表示频率:once a week一周一次;twice a month一个月两次;three times a day 一天三次;four times a year 一年四次等。此外，还有频度副词：always总是、usually通常、often经常、sometimes=at times有时、hardly （ever）=almost not几乎不、never从不。- Steve, _ do you play basketball after school? （2012菏泽中考） - Twice a week. It can keep me healthy. （解析：由由答语“twice a week”可知，是询问频率，故用how often） A. how far B. how soon C. how long D. how often2. go to the movies 看电影 =go to the cinema =go to see a film.=watch a movie=see a film4. on vacation度假l go on vacation去度假（强调动作）l be on vacation在度假（强调状态）e.g. He went on a vacation two days ago. He is on vacation now.I was on vacation last month上个月我正在度假。Where did you go on vacation?你去哪度假啦？5. -Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪儿度假了？ -I went to the mountains. 我去了山区。 这是一个由特殊疑问词Where引导的特殊疑问句。由“特殊疑问词助动词主语动词(原形)+其它?” 构成。由于是询问已发生的动作(过去的事情)，所以助动词用过去式did, 句中有了助动词，其后的实意动词用动词原形。 6. 复合不定代词:1) 复合不定代词是由some-,any-,no-,every-加上one-,body,thing,where等所组成的不定代词。l every- body l some- onel any- thingl no- whereeverybody每个人 everyone每个人everything一切事物 everywhere到处，处处somebody某人 someone 某人something某物 somewhere某个地方anybody任何人 anyone 任何人anything任何事物 anywhere任何地方nobody没人 no one 没人 nothing没有什么 nowhere无处，没有一个地方(注意：以上的复合不定代词除了no one分开写成两个单词外，其余都是一个单词) 复合不定代词考点必记：含body和one的复合不定代词只用来指人含thing的复合不定代词只用来指事物含where的复合不定代词只用来指地点含any的复合不定代词一般用于否定句和疑问句；含 some的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句。1) Did you do anything special last weekend? (疑问句)2) I dont like anything she gives me.(否定句)3) I have something important to tell you.(肯定句)5 复合不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数.1) Everyone likes him.2) Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom.6 形容词修饰不定代词要后置,即：不定代词+形容词e.g. I am very thirsty, I want to drink something cold. 考察逻辑能力、理解能力：1) Nobody/No one went swimming because it was raining really hard.( 因果关-系因为雨下得很大，所以没人去游泳) Nobody/No one went swimming because of the bad weather. （因果关系）2）I bought nothing because the things in the store was very expensive.（因果关系） The things in this store were very expensive, but I bought something for myself.（转折关系）3） I bought something for my parents because the things in the store was really cheap. （因果关系）4） The things in this store were very cheap, so I bought something for myself. （因果关系）5） -How is Helen?-She is OK, there is nothing to worry about. 7.“到达”： arrive in +大地点 e.g. arrive in Beijing. arrive at +小地点 e.g. arrive at a small village. arrive +副词（here,there,home） e.g. He arrives here/ there/home at 8:00. l get to+地名e.g. I get to school at 8:00.l get+副词（here, there,home）He gets here/ there/home at 8:00. u reach+地名或副词（注意：reach是及物动词，后面直接接名词或副词，不跟介词连用）e.g. They reached Beijing yesterday. 8. “许多；很多”： many+可数名词much+不可数名词 9.“相当多”：quite a few+可数名词quite a little +不可数名词1) We took quite a few photos there.2) There are quite a little water in the bottle.“一些”： a little +不可数名词 a few+可数名词10. “玩得开心，过得愉快”enjoy oneself=have fun=have a good time=have a great time Peter enjoyed himself at his birthday party last night. 11. “享受做某事；做某事很愉快”：have fun doing sth =have a good time doing sth=have a great time doing sth= enjoy oneself doing sth 12. decide v. 决定 n. decision decide =make a decision决定，作出决定decide to do sth. 决定做某事 decide not to do sth决定不做某事 =make a decision to do sth1) I decide to study hard.2) I decide not to get up late. 13. try to do sth尽力做某事；试图做某事try not to do sth尽力不做某事try doing sth尝试做某事trydo ones best to do sth （尽某人最大的力量做某事） 14.-How was your summer vacation?-Wonderful! I had a good time with my friends. 15.“因为”：because+句子（含谓语）because of+名词/代词/V-ing/名词性的短语（不含谓语）1) We stayed at home because of the bad weather. （“the bad weather”属于名词性短语.不含谓语）2) We stayed at home because the weather is bad（“the weather is bad”是一个句子，含谓语“is”）l They didnt go to Beijing the rain. （答案：because of）l They didnt go to Beijingit rained. （答案：because） I didnt really enjoy going outthe crowed steets （because of） I didnt really enjoy going outthe steets were really crowed. （because） 16. 反身代词是 oneself（即某人自己），根据所 指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化其形式有：myself 我自己 himself 他自己 herself 她自己 yourself你自己 itself 它自己 ourselves我们自己 yourselves 你们自己 themselves他们自己l 单数+self 复数+selvesl 反身代词考点：(一) by oneself=on ones own某人自己；某人亲自(二) enjoy oneself=have a good time=have fun 玩得开心，过得愉快 （三）考察理解能力：1) Its very easy, I made the cake all by myself.2) Did you enjoy yourself at the party last night?3) Dont worry, I can look after myself.17.辨析：how often、how long、how farl how often：多久一次，多长时间一次（提问频率）l how long多长；多长时间（提问物体的长度或时间段）l how far多远（提问路程或距离）l How soon多久；多久之后（对将来的一段时间之内或之后提问）18.on weekends =on the weekend在周末19.help (sb) with sth. = help (sb) to do something帮助(某人)做某事；在某方面帮助某人e.g. He often help me with my English.他经常帮助我学习英语。 20.although=though尽管；即使(让步关系) （考点注意：不管是表达因果关系、转折关系还是让步关系，同一对关联词中的词只能出现其中之一，即有了because就不能再有so，有了so就不能再有because;有了although就不能有but，有了but就不能再有although。）e.g.The little girl could look after herself although she was only five years old. Although hambergers are junk food, many children like them. Though we are very tired, we are very happy21. Study for the test复习迎考 I studied for the math test last weekend.22. -where did you go last weekend ? -I went to the zoo. -what did you do last weekend ? -I went to the zoo. 23. crowed拥挤的 e.g. I dont like to go to the stores, they are too crowed. 24.Hard 1)形容词“困难的、硬的”。2) 副词“努力地；猛力地”e.g. study hard.努力学习hardly (ever)“几乎不,几乎没有”，为否定意义的频率副词，相当于almost not，故句中不能再出现no, not, never等表否定意义的词。一般位于实义动词前，be动词、助动词或情态动词之后。 Can you speak a little louder? I can hardly hear you. She hardly eats anything. He hardly works. 他几乎不工作。It is raining really hard（猛力地）.He hardly ever watches TV.1)Though Tom has studied Chinesefor ten months, he can stillspeak the language.（尽管汤姆努力学习汉语已经有十个月了，但他依旧几乎不会说这种语言。“study hard”意为“努力学习”； hardly (ever)“几乎不”）A. hardly; hardly B. hardly; hard C .hard; hard D. hard ; hardly2)Lucy is kind of unhealthy because she exercises.A.often B.ever C. usually D.hardly ever 25. percent百分之 （注意：当“基数词+percent of+名词”作主语，谓语动词与percent of后面的名词保持一致。）l I think twenty percent of the students like listening to music.（students是可数名词复数，故谓语动词用like）l Twenty percent of the water is not clean.(water是不可数名词，因此谓语动词用单数) most of意为“中的大多数”，它作主语时，谓语动词取决于most of后所修饰的名词。(用法与percent of一样。)e.g. Most of the students are quite happy. 26.long time no see好久不见 27.-Did you/he/she/they？ -Yes, I/he /she / they did.(肯定回答)-No, I/he /she / they didnt.(否定回答) 28.拍照1) take photos2) take a photo 29.what about=how about+n/代（宾格）/v-ing What about him/her/them? what about playing basketball? 30.visit=payavisitto译为 “拜访（某人）”“参观（某地）” 【第一个visit是动词，第二个visit是名词。】 31. buy sb. sth .=buy sth. for sb.意为“给某人买某物 l My uncle bought me a bike.= My uncle bought a bike for me. 32. feel like 感觉像；想要 feel like doing sth 喜欢做某事;想要做某事1) Do you feel like a cup of tea?你想要来杯茶吗？2) I felt like I was a bird.我感觉到自己就像一只小鸟。3) I feel like going for a walk.我想要散散步。4) I feel like _ (talk) with you.（答案：talking）33. wonder及物动词，意为“想知道”，后常接疑问词（who, what, why)引导的从句。e.g. I wonder what you are doing. 34. in the past在过去 35.walk around四处走走；到处走走36. 开始做某事start doing sth= start to do sth=begin to do sth37. take the train/bus 搭火车/公共汽车38.wait for 等待；等候wait for sb 等待某人39.over=more than超过e.g. more than two hours两个多小时 40.too many+可数名词 “太多”e.g. too many peopletoo much+不可数名词 “太多”e.g.too much watermuch too +形容词 “太”e.g. much too big41.It was raining really hard.形容雨下得大用“hard（猛力的）”。此外，还可以用heavy修饰。如：a heavy rain一场大雨42. taste(系动词)+形容词（表语） “尝起来”类似用法还有look, see, smell, sound,feel等表示感官的动词。 e.g.The food tasted really good/delicious.43. “ing”修饰物,“令人” “ed”修饰人，“感到”exciting excitedinteresting interestedboring bored 44. enough+名词 “足够的”e.g. enough money足够的钱 形容词/副词+ enough “足够” e.g. big/ long enough 足够大/长 45.exercise do exercise=play sports做运动1)不可数名词“体育锻炼，运动” e.g.Swimming is good exercise.游泳是一项好运动。You should do more exercise to keep you healthy.你应该做更多的运动以保持健康。2)可数名词，“练习” e.g.She is doing the exercises now.46.shop1) v.购物;买东西=go shopping.=do some shopping 2) n.商店 =storeI usually shop with my family.=I usually go shopping with my family. 47.sure=certainy= of course当然48.Here isare 倒装句。 here 引导的倒装句be动词的形式与后面的主语保持一致，单数用is/was，复数用are/were.l Here are your pens.这是你的钢笔。l Here is my ruler. 这是你的尺子。49. the result of +n/代词/v-ing ，意为“的结果”。50. 1)maybe 副词，作状语，意为“或许，大 概，可能” ，常位于句首。 eg:Maybe it will rain later.可能晚些会下雨2)may be属于“情态动词+be 动词”结构，意为“可能是”，位于句中。 e.g. It may be rain later .晚些可能会下雨 51.by doing sth.“通过做某事” （by是介词，介词后面接动词ing形式） 52.the best way to do sth. “做某事的最好方式” 54.ask sb（宾格 about sth.“向某人询问某事” e.g.We asked the students about their free time activities.我们询问了学生们的业余活动。 55.such as比如；诸如。用于列举事物。for example. 例如。用于举例子，通常只举一个例子。l e.g. I like fruit, such as apples, banans, oranges and so on. 我喜欢水果，比如苹果、香蕉、橘子等等。l Elephents are very smart. For example,It can play with a ball.大象很聪明，比如说，它会玩皮球。 56.less than少于more than超过；多于57. at least至少at most最多58.want to do sth=would like to do sth想要做某事want sb to do sth.想让某人做某事59.make sb do sth使某人做某事；让某人做某事 -Is Linda your friend? -Yes, she is a funny girl. She often makes us laugh when we are together.60.感叹句的结构：how+adj+主+谓(主语前是形容词；句中共包含一个名词或代词)what+(a/an)+adj+n+主+谓（主语前是名词；句中共包含两个名词或代词） How lovely the girl is !( 一个名词或代词用how) What a lovely girl she is !( 两个名词或代词What）61. 辨析：no one 与none l no one 只能指人,且不能与of 搭配，no one 做主语时，只能是单数。l none 为不定代词，意为“什么也没有”，既可指人，也可指物，可与of 连用，做主语时谓语用单复数都可。e.g. They were all very tired, but _ of them took a rest.（答案： none ） 62.learn by oneself /teach oneself自学 63. but 可做介词，意为“除.之外”e.g. The only thing was that there was nothing much to do in the evening but read.64.seem 的用法：l seem to do sth. 似乎要/好像要做某事l It seems that/ as if 似乎/ 看起来.e.g. They seem to know the pretty girl=It seems that they know the pretty girl.他们似乎认识那个漂亮的女孩。65.building n.建筑物 v. build 过去式：built e.g.The worker built a lot of buildings ten years ago.66. difference n. 差别；不同点；不同之处 different adj. 不同的 differently adv. 不同地e.g.There are two differences between us. 67. I wonder what life was like here in the past.我想知道过去这里的生活是什么样子的。 Wonder= want to know(想知道),后跟who,what, why, where 等引导的宾语从句，还有表示“觉得奇怪，惊奇”wonder 还可做名词，“奇观，壮观，奇才”Its a wonder . 令人惊奇的是Its no wonder. .不足为奇l I wonder who wrote this letter.我想知道这封信是谁写的。l The Great Wall of China is one of the _(奇迹） of the world.（答案：wonders） 68. forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事（事情未做）forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 （事情已做）(反义词为remember,用法和forget一样) 69.so.that.意为“如此以至于”， 可与“too. to(太而不能)”“enough to（足够）”替换 l The boy is so young that he cant go to school.这个男孩如此小以至于他还不能去学校。=The boy is too young to go to school.这个男孩太小而不能去学校。=The boy is not old enough to go to school.这个男孩还不够大去学校。 70.keep+形容词（表语） keep doing sth.坚持做某事，不断地做某事keep sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事e.g.You should keep the window open because the room is too hot. 71. be goodbad for对有益害 be good at（doing sth）擅长做某事 be good with 善于应付的，和相处和睦的 72.as for 至于e.g. Many people like action movies ,but as for me ,I dont like them at all. 73. be different from“和不同”the same as“和一样” 74. keep in good health=keep healthy 保持健康 75. on weekends =on the weekend在周末1)weekends 周末（即：Saturday and Sunday） 2)weekdays (即：from Monday to Friday.) 76.spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光spend+（时间、金钱）on s