常用临床医学术语5.doc

.l Date of Admission入院日期l Date of Discharge出院日期 l Pirncipal Diagnosis主要诊断l Secondary Diagnosis次要诊断 l Complications并发症l Operation手术名称 l Reason for Admission入院理由l Physical Findings阳性体征 l Lab/X-ray Findings化验及放射报告l Hospital Course住院诊治经过 l Condition出院状况l Disposition出院去向 l Medications出院用药l Prognosis预后l Special Instruction to the Patient(diet, physical activity)出院指导（饮食，活l 动量）l Follow-up Care随随访6、住院/出院病历首页Admission/discharge recordPatient name病人姓名 race种族address地址 religion宗教medical service科别admit (discharge) date入院（出院）日期Length of stay 住院天数guarantor name 担保人姓名next of kin or person to notify需通知的亲属姓名relation to patient与病人关系previous admit date上次住院日期admitting physician 入院医生attending phgsician主治医生admitting diagnosis入院诊断final (principal) diagnosis最终（主要）诊断secondary diagnosis次要诊断adverse reactions (complications)副作用（合并症）incision type切口类型healing course愈合等级operative (non-operative) procedures手术（非手术）操作nosocomial infection院内感染consutants会诊Critical-No. of times抢救次数recovered-No. of times成功次数Diagnosis qualitative analysis诊断质量 OP.adm.and discharge Dx concur 门诊入院与出院诊断符合率 Clinical and pathological Dx concur临床与病理诊断符合率 Pre- and post-operative Dx concur 术前术后诊断符合率Dx determined with in 24 hours (3 days) after admission入院后24小时（3 天）内确诊Discharge status出院状况 recovered治愈 improved好转 not improved未愈 died 死亡Dispositon去向 home家 against medical ad自动出院 autosy尸检 transferred to转院到第十八章 附录Appendix附1 常用解剖术语anatomic terms1、总论Introductionsuperior上inferior下Cranial头侧Caudal尾侧anterior前posterior后ventral腹侧dorsal背侧medial内侧lateral外侧internal内external外superficial浅profundal深proximal近侧distal远侧ulnar尺侧radial桡侧tibial胫侧fibular腓侧2、运动系统locomotor (kinetic) systemvertebrae椎骨cervical vevtebrae颈椎thoracic vertebrae胸椎lumbar vertebrae腰椎sacrum骶骨sternum胸骨rib肋骨thoracic cage胸廓skull颅frontal bone额骨parietal bone顶骨occipital bone枕骨temporal bone颞骨sphenoid bone蝶骨ethmoid bone筛骨mandible (submaxilla)下颌骨maxilla (supermaxilla)上颌骨nasal bone鼻骨coronal (sagital, lambdoid) suture 冠状（矢状，人字）缝orbit眶clavicle锁骨scapula (shoulder blade)肩胛骨sternum (breast bone)胸骨manubrium sterni (presternum)胸骨柄midsternum胸骨体xiphoid剑突humerus肱骨radius桡骨ulna尺骨carpal bone腕骨metacarpal bone 掌骨phalanges指(趾)骨hip bone髋骨ilium髂骨ischium 坐骨pubis耻骨femur 股骨patella髌骨tibia胫骨fibula 腓骨articulation关节ligament韧带flexion屈extension伸adduction收abduction展medial rotation旋内lateral rotation旋外pronation旋前supination旋后circumductoin环转vertebral column脊柱intervertebral disc椎间盘temporal-mandibular joint颞下颌关节shoulder joint肩关节elbow joint肘关节radiocarpal joint肩关节radiocarpal joint桡腕关节pelvis骨盆hip joint髋关节knee joint膝关节ankle joint踝关节muscle 肌肉tendon肌腱fascia筋膜tendinous sheath腱鞘trapezius斜方肌latissimus dorsi背阔肌sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突的scalenus 斜角肌pectoralis major胸大肌intercostales肋间肌diaphragm膈肌inguinal canal腹股沟管masseter咬肌temporalis颞肌deltoid三角肌biceps brachii肱二头肌triceps brachii肱三头肌axillary fossa 腑窝gluteus maximus臀大肌piriformis梨状肌sartorius缝匠肌quadriceps femoris股四头肌triceps surae小腿三头肌femoral triangle股三角3、内脏Visceraviscera内脏oral cavity口腔lip唇cheek颊palate腭tooth牙dentes牙tongue舌parotid gland腮腺pharynx咽esophagus食管stomach gaster胃duodenum十二指肠jejunum空肠ileum 回肠large intestine大肠caecum盲肠vermiform (appendix)阑尾colon结肠rectum直肠anal canal肛管dentate line齿状线anus肛门liver (hepar)肝porta hepatis肝门gallblader胆囊pancreas胰nose鼻nasal cavity鼻腔paranasal sinus鼻旁窦larynx喉laryngeal cavity喉腔vocal cord声带trachea气管bronchi支气管lung 肺pulmonary肺的pleura胸膜mediastinum纵隔kidney肾renal pilvis肾盂ureter输尿管urinary bladder膀胱urethra尿道testis睾丸epididymis附睾ductus deferens输精管spermatic cord精索prostate前列腺scrotum阴囊penis阴茎ovary卵巢uterine tube输卵管uterus子宫vagina阴道clitoris阴蒂mamma (breast)乳房mammary papilla (nipple)乳头perineum会阴pelvic diaphragm盆膈peritoneum腹膜omentum网膜4、心血管系统Cardiovascular systemheart心artery动脉vein静脉capillary毛细血管atrium心房ventricle心室tricuspid valve三尖瓣bicuspid valve二尖瓣aortic valve主动脉瓣pulmonary valve肺动脉瓣sinuatrial node窦房结atrioventricular node房室结atrioventricular bundle房室束right/left bundle branch右/左束支coronary artery冠状动脉coronary sinus冠状窦pericardium心包aorta主动脉innominate artery无名动脉(头臂干)common carotid artery颈总动脉carotid sinus 颈动脉窦internal(external) carotid artery颈内(外)动脉facial artery面动脉subclavian artery锁骨下动脉mesenteric artery肠系膜动脉common iliac artery髂总动脉popliteal artery 腘动脉vena cava 腔静脉internal jugular vein颈内静脉cephalic vein头静脉basilic vein贵要静脉saphenous vein隐静脉lymphatic duct淋巴导管thoracic duct胸导管lymph node淋巴结spleen脾thymus胸腺5、感觉器sense organssensory organ感觉器receptor感受器visual organ视器eyeball 眼球cornea角膜sclera巩膜choroid 脉络膜ciliary body睫状体iris虹膜retina视网膜optic disc视神经盘macula lutea黄斑aqueous humor房水lens晶状体vitreous body玻璃体eyelid 眼睑conjunctiva结膜lacrimal gland泪腺vestibulocochlear organ前庭蜗器ear( auris) 耳auricle耳廓acoustic meatus耳道tympanic cavity鼓室tympanic membrane鼓膜pharyngotympanic tube 咽鼓管bony(membranous) labyrinth骨(膜)迷路vestibule 前庭semicircular canal半规管cochlea耳蜗cochlear duct蜗管olfactory organ嗅器gustatory organ味器taste bud味蕾skin皮肤6、神经系统Nervous systemcentral nervous system中枢神经系统peripheral nervous system周围神经系统visceral nerve内脏神经afferent nerve传入神经efferent nerve传出神经neuron神经元axon 轴突dendrite树突glia 神经胶质gray matter 灰质white matter白质cortex皮质madulla髓质nucleus神经质ganglion神经节fasciculus神经束nerve神经spinal nerve脊神经cervical plexus颈丛brachial plexus臂丛lumbar plexus腰丛sacral plexus 骶丛phrenic nerve膈神经median nerve正中神经ulnar nerve尺神经radial nerve桡神经femoral nerve股神经ischiatic nerve坐骨神经common peroneal nerve腓总神经cranial nerve颅(脑)神经olfactory nerve嗅神经optic nerve视神经oculomotor nerve动眼神经trochlear nerve滑车神经trigeminal verve三叉神经abducent nerve展神经facial nerve面神经vestibulocochlear nerve前庭蜗神经glossopharyngeal nerve舌咽神经vagus nerve迷走神经accessary nerve副神经hypoglossal nerve舌下神经autonomic nervous system自主神经vegetative nervous system植物神经sympathetic nerve交感神经parasympathetic nerve副交感神经spinal cord脊髓encephalon (brain)脑brain stem脑干medulla oblongata延髓pons 脑桥mesencephalon中脑midbrain中脑cerebellum小脑diencephalon间脑thalamus丘脑hypothalamus下丘脑hypophysis垂体telencephalon端脑cerebrum大脑cerebral cortex大脑皮质corpus striatum纹状体internal capsule内囊spinothalamic tract皮质脊髓束medial lemniscus内侧丘系lateral lemniscus外侧丘系spinal lemniscus脊髓丘系trigeminal lemniscus三叉丘系7、体表标记Anatomic marksnaso-labial groove鼻唇沟suprasternal fossa胸骨上窝supraclavicular fossa锁骨上窝infraclavicular fossa锁骨下窝armpit (axillary fossa)腋窝midsternal (midian) line胸骨中线（正中线）anterior midian line前正中线parasternal line胸骨旁线midclavicular line锁骨中线mammillary (nipple, milk) line乳线posterior (mid-, anterior) axillary line腋后（中，前）线scapular line肩胛线midspinal line脊柱中线dorsomedian line后正中线linea paravertebralis 脊椎旁线the left (right) upper abdomen (quadrant)左（右）上腹epigastrium上腹部the middle abdomen中腹部the lower abdomen下腹部linea pararectalis腹直肌旁线anterior superior spine髂前上棘symphysis pubis (symphysion)耻骨联合ischial tuberosity坐骨结节groin (inguen)腹股沟popliteal fossa腘窝upper extremity(limb)上肢lower extremity(limb)下肢posterior superior spine髂后上嵴anterior (dorsal) part of chest(前（后）胸部)scapular region肩胛区anterior (posterior) fontanelle前（后）囱附2 医学英语常用前后缀a-无，缺 anemia贫血 atonia无张力 asymptomatic无症状的 amenorrhea闭经ab-分离 abduct 外展 abscision切除acou (acu)-听觉 acumeter 听力计 acouophone助听器acro-肢端 acromegaly肢端肥大症 acromastitis乳头炎ad (af, an)-邻近，向上 adrenal 肾上腺 adaxial近轴的 annexa附件-ad侧 ventrad向腹侧 cephalad向头侧adeno-腺 adenocyte腺细胞 adenoidism腺体病adipo-脂肪 adiposis肥胖症 adiponecrosis脂肪坏死adreno-肾上腺 adrenocorticoid肾上腺皮质激素 adrenalin肾上腺素 adrenal肾上腺-aemia(emia)血症 bacteremia菌血症 leukemia白血病-albi (albino)-白色 albumin白蛋白 albinism白化病-algesia痛觉 hypoalgesia痛觉减退-algia痛 arthralgia关节痛cephalgia头痛neuralgia神经痛alkali-碱alkalosis碱中毒alveo-牙槽，小沟 alveolitis牙槽炎 alveobronchiolitis支气管肺泡炎ambi-复，双 ambiopia复视 ambivert双重性格ambly-弱amblyopia弱视 amblyaphia触觉迟钝amylo-淀粉amyloidosis淀粉酶 amylase淀粉酶angio-血管 angiography血管造影术 angioedema血管性水肿 angeitis脉管炎 angiofibroma血管纤维瘤ante-前antenatal出生前的 anteflexion前屈antero-前anterolateral前侧壁 anteroventral前腹侧anti-抗，反antibiotics抗生素 antihypertensives降压药 anticoagulant抗凝剂rarchno-蛛网膜arachnoiditis蛛网膜炎archo-肛门，直肠archorrhagia肛门出血 archosyrinx直肠灌注器arterio-动脉arteriospasm动脉痉挛 arteriosclerosis动脉硬化arthro-关节arthrocentesis关节穿刺 arthrotomy关节切开术 arthritis关节炎-ase酶oxidase氧化酶 proteinase蛋白酶-asthenia无力myasthenia肌无力 neurasthenia神经衰弱audio(audito)-听力audiology听觉学 audiometer听力计auto-自己autoimmune自身免疫auto hemotherapy自体血疗法bacilli-杆菌bacillosis杆菌病 bacilluria杆菌尿bacterio-细菌bacteriology细菌学 bactericide杀菌剂baro-压力barometer 压力计 baroreceptor压力感受器bary-迟钝barylalia言语不清 baryacusia听觉迟钝bi-双 bicuspid二尖瓣 bilateral两侧的bili-胆汁bilirubin胆红素bio-生命biology生物学 biopsy活检-blast母细胞spermatoblast精子细胞 melanoblast成黑色素细胞 osteoblast成骨细胞brachy-短brachypnea气短brachydactylia短指畸形brady-迟缓bradycardia心动过缓 bradypsychia精神不振broncho-支气管bronchoscopy支气管镜检查 bronchiostenosis支气管痉挛bronchitis支气管炎bronchiolo-细支气管bronchiolectasis细支气管扩张calci-钙calcification钙化 calcicosilicosis钙沉着症carbo-碳carbohydrate碳水化合物 carbohaemia碳酸血症carcino-癌carcinogen致癌物cardio-心，贲门cardiotonics强心剂cardioplasty贲门成形术-cele疝，肿物omphalocele脐疝 hysterocele子宫脱垂 ophthalmocele眼球突出celio-腹celialgia腹痛 celioscopy腹腔镜检查-centesis穿刺arthrocentesis关节穿刺术abdominocentesis腹穿cephalo-头cephaloxia斜颈cephalopathy头部疾病cephalotomy穿颅术cerebello-小脑cerebellitis小脑炎cerebellum小脑cerebro-大脑cerebritis大脑炎cerebrology脑学chemo-化学chemotherapy化疗chloro-绿，氯chloroform氯仿 chloromycetin氯霉素chlorophyll叶绿素cholangio-胆道cholangitis胆管炎 cholangiectasis胆管扩张cholo-胆cholagogue利胆剂 cholelithiasis胆石症cholecystitis胆囊炎cholesterol胆固醇chondro-软骨chondrosarcoma软骨肉瘤 chondrification骨软化chromo-色素cytochrome细胞色素chromosome染色体-cide杀剂germicide杀菌剂aborticide堕胎药circum-周围circumoral口周的circumcision包皮环切术coagulo-凝固coagulant凝血剂colo-结肠colotomy结肠切开术coloptosis结肠下垂colpo (coleo)-阴道coleospastia阴道痉挛colposcope阴道镜contra-反，逆contraindication禁忌证contraceptive避孕药counter-反，逆counteragent拮抗剂conuterpoison解毒剂cranio-颅craniomalacia颅骨软化cranioclasis碎颅术-cyst-囊cystomy膀胱切开术dacryocyst泪囊-cyte-细胞lymphocyte淋巴细胞cytolysis细胞溶解de-除去detoxication解毒dento牙dentistry牙科学dentalgia牙痛-derm-皮肤epiderm表皮dermatology皮肤病学dermoplasty皮肤成形术dextro-右dextrocardia右位心dexiotropic右旋的dis-分离discission分离术disinfection消毒法duodeno-十二指肠duodenitis十二指肠炎duodenostomy十二指肠造口术-dynia痛acrodynia肢体痛urethrodynia尿道痛dys-异常dysfunction功能不良dyshormonism内分泌障碍dysuria排尿困难-ectasis扩张gastroectasis胃扩张aerenterectasia肠胀气bronchiectasia支气管扩张-ectomy切除术appendectomy阑尾切除术lipectomy脂肪切除术-edema水肿encephaledema脑水肿myxedema粘液性水肿-emesia呕hematemesia呕血helminthemesia吐虫encephalo-脑encephaloma脑瘤encephaledema脑水肿endo-内endocarditis心内膜炎endoscope内窥镜entero-肠enteritis肠炎enterovirus肠病毒epi-上，外epigastrium上腹部erythro-红erythromycin红霉素erythroderma红皮病esophago-食管esophagoscope食管镜esophagitis食管炎extra-外extracellular细胞外的extrasystole额外收缩facio-面facioplegia面瘫facioplasty面部成形术-fast耐acid-fast抗酸的uviofast耐紫外线febri-热febricula低热febrifacient致热的feti-胎儿feticulture妊娠期卫生fetometry胎儿测量法fibro-纤维fibroblast成纤维细胞fibrosis纤维化fore-前forebrain前脑forehead前额-form形状oviform卵形的granuliform颗粒状的fungi-真菌，霉菌fungicide杀真菌剂fungistasis制霉菌作用gastro-胃gastroptosis胃下垂gastroenteritis胃肠炎gastroscopy胃镜检查gastratrophy胃萎缩-gen 原，剂glycogen糖原pathogen病原体androgen雄激素Estrogen雌激素-genic性cardiogenic心源性的allergenic变应反应giganto-巨大 gigantocyte巨红细胞gigantism巨大症gingivo-牙龈gingivitis牙龈炎gingivostomatitis牙龈口腔炎glosso-舌glossoplegia舌瘫痪gluco-糖glucoprotein糖蛋白glucocorticoid糖皮质激素glyco-糖glycogen糖原glycouria糖尿-grade级，度centigrade摄氏温度计retrograde逆行性-gram克，图microgram微克electroencephalogram脑电图-graph(y)仪（法） electrocardiogram心电图bronchography支气管造影术gyneco-妇女gynecology妇科学gynecopathy妇科病hemo(hemato)-血hemoglobin血红蛋白hematoma血肿hemi-半hemiplegia偏瘫hemicrania偏头病hepato-肝hepatitis肝炎hepatocirrhosis肝硬化hepatosplenomegaly肝脾肿大hidro-汗hyperhidrosis多汗症anhidrosis无汗症histo-组织histology组织学histomorphology组织形态学holo-全holonarcosis全麻holoenzyme全酶homo-同homotype同型homologue同系物homoplasty同种移植术hydro-水hydropericardium心包积水hydrolysis 水解hypr-高 hypercalcemia高钙血症hyperthyroidism甲亢hypno-睡眼hypnotics安眠药hypnotherapy催眠疗法hypo-低hypotension低血压hypoglycemia低血糖hystero-子宫hysterospasm子宫痉挛hysteroptosis子宫下垂-ia病melancholia忧郁症pyrexia发热-iatrics医学pediatrics儿科学geriatrics老年病学-iatry医学psychiatry精神病学pediatry儿科学immuno-免疫immunoglobulin免疫球蛋白immunotherapy免疫疗法infra-下infraorbital眶下的infrared红外线inter-间intervertebral椎间的intercellular细胞间的intra-内intravenous静脉内的intracranial颅内的intramuscular肌肉内的-ist家pathologist病理学家anatomist解剖学家-itis炎症cellulitis蜂窝织炎myocarditis心肌炎leuco (leuko)-白leucorrhea白带leukocytosis白细胞增多leukemia白血病lipo-(脂)lipotrophy脂肪增多lipase脂酶-lith结石cholelith胆结石cholelithiasis胆石症-logy学terminology术语学Cardiology心脏病学lumbo-腰lumbosacral腰骶部的lumbago腰背痛lumbodynia腰痛lympho-淋巴lymphedema淋巴水肿lymphocytopenia淋巴细胞减少-lysis(lytic)松解，分解了aythrolysis关节松解术spasmolytic解痉的macro-大macrophage巨噬细胞macromolecule大分子mal-不良malnutrition营养不良malfunction功能不全-megaly巨大cardiomegaly心扩大cephalomegaly巨头畸形meningo-脑膜meningitis脑膜炎meningocephalitis脑膜脑炎meno-月经dysmenorrhea痛经menopause停经-meter表，计spirometer肺活量计pyrometer高温表-metry测量法iodometry碘定量法micro-小micropump微泵microliter微升mono-单-mononucleosis单核细胞增多monomer单体multi-多multinuclear多核的multipara经产妇myelo-髓myelocele脊髓膨出myelocyte髓细胞myo-肌myocarditis心肌炎myofibroma肌纤维瘤naso-鼻nasoscope鼻镜nasitis鼻炎neo