英国作家简介之John Donne.ppt

JohnDonne 1572 1631 JohnDonne theleadingfigureofthemetaphysicalschool HisLife JohnDonnewasborntoaprosperousLondonin1572 Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasyoung andhewasraisedbyhismother Elizabeth Donne sfirstliterarywork satireswaswrittenduringthisperiod ThiswasfollowedbySongsandSonnets Thenin1617AnneDonnediedingivingbirthtothecouple s12thchild HerdeathaffectedDonnegreatly thoughhecontinuedtowrite notablyHolySonnets 1618 InhisfinalyearsDonne spoemsreflectanobsessionwithhisowndeath whichcameonMarch31 1631 JohnDonneisrememberedforthewitandpoignancyofhispoetry Donne spoemscanbedividedintotwocategories theyouthfullovelyricsandthelatersacredverses TheyouthfullovelyricswerepublishedafterhisdeathasSongsandSonnetsin1633 Hisearlypoemswerelovesongs elegies andversesatires Donne slatersacredverses publishedin1624asDevotionsuponEmergentOccasionswhichshowtheintenseinterestDonnetookinthespectacleofmoralityundertheshadowofdeath avisionthathauntedhimperpetually andinspiredthehighestflightsofhiseloquence MetaphysicalPoetry Thetermappliestoagroupof17th centuryEnglishpoetswhousedcertaincommontechniquesandemployedafewcommonthemes RevoltagainstElizabethanlovepoetryandthetradition Psychologicalanalysisofemotionsofloveandreligion Penchantfornovelandevenshockingcomparisons Metaphysicalconceit extendedmetaphor Metaphysicalwit comparisonofapparentlyquitedissimilarobjectsofconceptsandthediscoverythattheyareafterallsimilar Roughnessofmeterandirregularrhyme MetaphysicalSchool ThoughtherewasnoorganizedgroupofpoetswhoimitatedDonne theinfluenceofhispoeticstylewaswidelyfeltonGeorgeHerbert RichardCrashow HenryVaughan andA Cowley TheywerenamedasthemetaphysicalschoolofpoetsbyJohnDrydenandDr Johnson notwithoutaderogatoryconnotation SamuelJohnsoncoinedtheterm metaphysicalpoets todescribeDonneandhispoeticdescendantswhenhewroteofAbrahamCowleyintheLivesoftheEnglishPoetsthatthemetaphysicalpoetsweremenoflearning andtoshowlearningwastheirwholeendeavor Features Thedictionissimple andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech Theimageryisdrawnfromtheactuallife Theformisfrequentlythatofanargumentwiththepoet sbeloved withgod orwithhimself Conceit 奇喻 Orfar fetchedcomparisons Acomparisonbecomesaconceitwhenwearemadetoconcedelikenesswhilebeingstronglyconsciousofunlikeness TheElizabethanpoetswerefondofPetrarchanconceits whichwereconventionalcomparisons imitatedfromthelovesongsofPetrarch inwhichthebelovedwascomparedtoaflower agarden orthelike Themetaphysicalpoetsfashionedconceitsthatwerewitty complex intellectual andoftenstartling SamuelJohnsondisapprovedofsuchstrainedmetaphors declaringthatintheconceit themostheterogeneousideasareyokedbyviolencetogether Deathbenotproud Death benotproud thoughsomehavecalledtheeMightyanddreadful forthouarenotso Forthosewhomyouthink stthoudostoverthrowDienot poorDeath noryetcanstthoukillme Fromrestandsleep whichbutthypicturesbe Muchpleasure thenfromtheemuchmoremustflow Andsoonestourbestmenwiththeedogo Restoftheirbones andsoul sdelivery Thou rtslavetoFate chance kings anddesperatemen Anddostwithpoision war andsicknessdwell Andpoppy orcharmscanmakeussleepaswell Andbetterthanthystroke whyswell stthouthen Oneshortsleeppast wewakeeternally AndDeathshallbenomore Death thoushaltdie abbaabbacddcee 死神 你莫骄傲 死神 你莫骄傲 尽管有人说你如何强大 如何可怕 你并不是这样 你以为你把谁谁谁打倒了 其实 可怜的死神 他们没死 你现在也还杀不死我 休息 睡眠 这些不过是你的写照 既能给人享受 那你本人提供的一定更多 我们最美好的人随你去得越早 越能早日获得身体的休息 灵魂的解脱 你是命运 机会 君主 亡命徒的奴隶 你和毒药 战争 疾病同住在一起 罂粟和咒符和你的打击相比 同样 甚至更能催我入睡 那你何必趾高气扬呢 睡了一小觉之后 我们便永远觉醒了 再也不会有死亡 你死神也将死去 Argueagainstthecommonbeliefindeath mightyanddreadfulThepoetgivesDeathahumancharacteristictoscornDeath sfalsepride Hepointsoutthat althoughmostpeopleareterrifiedofDeath thereisnoreasonatallforthisfear FirstQuatrain SecondQuatrain Reason Deathismerelyapictureofeternalrestandsleep Justasrestandsleepbringmuchhappiness soDeathwillbringmuchmorehappinessbecausehebringseternalrest Eventhebestpeoplewilleventuallydie andthentheirboneswillbeatrestwhiletheirsoulsexperienceeternalhappiness ThirdQuatrain ThepoetcomparesDeathtoaslave Deathisaservanttofate chance accidentaldisasters kingsanddesperatemen SoDeathhasnooptionbuttoarriveandtakethatpersonintohisarms Deathisalsotheslavetopoison warandsickness AllofthesecausepeopletodiewithoutseekingDeath spermission Andyet drugsandmagicalsomakepeoplesleep ofteninamoreenrichingwaythanthatwhichDeathpromises RhymingCouplet Oneshortsleeppast wewakeeternally AndDeathshallbenomore Death thoushaltdieIronyParadox Deathitselfwilldie Thepoetpointsoutthereligiousbelief assoonastheshortsleepofdeathisover theperson ssoulwillawakeintoeternallife Oncethathappens therecanbenofurtherneedforDeath Deathitselfwillceasetoexist structure Firstpart argumatation line1 2 Secondpart supports line3 12 Thirdpart con