常见传染病及预防措施.doc

holiday, pension and health, cultural and creative experience, sports health, farming, rural bed and breakfasts in new formats. Three is the brand to create articles. XX agricultural comparative advantage into full play, especially the exclusive advantages of climate, mountains and sea resources, to create a group of the city, the provinces called XX seafood, snack foods and safe agricultural products brand characteristics. Meanwhile, new industry guidance, support more farmers to participate in entrepreneurship, promoting large-scale projects such as bed and breakfasts, farm, seed breeding base construction. Four is the mechanism innovation of the article. Deepen agricultural reform, focusing on supporting foster professional major, family farms, cooperatives, enterprises and other new subjects of agricultural management, improve agricultural production and operation of large-scale, professional level. Advance the reform of property right system in rural areas, to pay special attention to land rights, improve the function of property rights trading center to guide land management to professional users, family farms, cooperatives, leading enterprises in circulation. Spare no effort to promote the provinces Trinity farmer cooperative economy organization system reform of County building, and actively explore the Trinity of production, supply and marketing, creditFarmer cooperative economy organization system, real organic aggregates up to all kinds of business entities, closely linked to the all aspects of production and marketing. (B) to make the countryside more beautiful. Promoting the construction of new towns and new countryside reactions together, strengthening the construction of rural eco-environment, create the beautiful countryside construction upgrades, making rural areas more livable, suitable for industry, and travel. A focus on rural environment improvement. As far as the rural, the most basic is to make the environment clean and orderly. Pollution to extensively mobilize the masses continue to carry water, clear rivers, down violations, treatment of bleaching, such as waste reduction, flowering tree big six, vigorously carry out waste reduction, resource recovery, improve the cleaning mechanism, enhance the level of meticulous management of the village. Second, we must pay special attention to the beautiful residential building. Adhere to the planning ahead, because village system, combination classification implementation, demolition, alteration simultaneously policy, vigorously implement the five hundred beautiful countryside construction, actively promote beautiful house pilot expansion. Around 104 national road, Ling Road, longjindadao, sea road, Ju XI Liao road to catch the five sides of the main roads in about 200 villages, beautiful countryside features boutique village created, good job on planning, environmental protection, cultural heritage, industrial development, crafting lines to create the beautiful rural scenery, boutique village breed characteristics. No matter which常见传染病及预防措施 南宋村卫生所2011年第四期 一、常见的传染病 根据传染病的主要传播途径，分为以下几类： 1、肠道传染病：霍乱（二号病）、痢疾、伤寒、甲肝、戊肝、脊髓灰质炎（小儿麻痹症）、感染性腹泻等； 2、呼吸道传染病：传染性非典型肺炎、肺结核、流行性感冒、麻疹、流脑、流行性腮腺炎、白日咳、白喉、猩红热、风疹等； 3、血源性传染病：乙肝、丙肝、丁肝、艾滋病等； 4、虫媒传播及自然疫源性传染病：鼠疫、狂犬病、钩体、乙脑、疟疾、登革热、黑热病等； 5、其它：炭疽、布鲁氏菌病、急性出血性眼结膜炎（红眼病）等。 二、传染病的基本特征 1、有病原体：包括细菌、病毒、立克次体、螺旋体、原虫、蠕虫等； 2、有传染性：传染病病人必须隔离治疗； 3、有流行病学特征：不同传染病的发病时间、地区、人群等方面有各自的分布特点； 4、有感染后免疫：人体感染病原体后，体内会产生相应的抗体，可抵抗相同的病原体。 三、肠道传染病的预防 （一）什么是肠道传染病？肠道传染病是一组经消化道传播的疾病。常见的主要有伤寒、副伤寒、细菌性痢疾、霍乱、甲型肺炎、细菌性食物中毒等。肠道传染病病人的病原体从病人和病原携带者的粪便、呕吐物中排出，污染了周围环境，再通过水、食物、手、苍蝇、蟑螂、等媒介经口腔进入胃肠道，在人体内繁殖、产生毒素引起发病，并继续排出病原体再传染给其他健康人。（二）肠道传染病的传播途径1、经水传播由于生活饮水源被肠道传染病人和病原携带者的粪便、呕吐物中排入水中或洗涤病人的衣裤、器具、手等造成了水源污染，可引起霍乱、伤寒、细菌性痢疾的暴发流行。2、经食物传播在食品的加工、储存、制作、运输的销售等过程中被肠道传染病的病原体污染，可造成局部的流行和暴发流行。3、接触传播通过握手、使用或接触过病人的衣物、文具、门具、门把手、人民币等造成病原体传播。4、昆虫传播有些肠道传染病的病原体可在人体内存活一段时间，通过到处活动的苍蝇、蟑螂等昆虫进行传播。（三）预防措施预防肠道传染病的关键是把好“病从口入”这一关，要注意饮食和饮水卫生，养成良好的卫生习惯，做好预防工作。1、积极开展爱国卫生运动，加强对粪便、垃圾和污水的卫生管理，发动群众灭蝇、灭蟑螂。2、注意饮食卫生。不吃腐烂变质食物，生吃蔬菜、瓜果一定要洗烫、剩饭、剩菜要煮后再吃，食具要经常消毒。饮食服务行业、食品加工销售单位和集体食堂，要认真执行食品卫生法。3、搞好饮水卫生。不喝生水，喝开水。保护好水源，严防污染。饮水用具要定期消毒，保证饮水卫生。4、讲究个人卫生。养成饭前、便后洗手的习惯。常剪指甲、勤换衣服。食堂、饮食业工作人员更要讲究个人卫生，定期体格检查，发现有传染病，应及时调离工作岗位。 四、呼吸道传染病的预防 （一）传染性非典型肺炎 1、主要表现：起病急，以发热为首发症状，体温一般超过38，可伴有畏寒、关节酸痛、肌肉酸痛、乏力、腹泻，一般无鼻塞、流涕，可有咳嗽，多为干咳，少痰，可有胸闷，严重者出现呼吸加速或呼吸困难。 2、传播途径：主要与病人近距离接触而传播，亦可经接触病人的痰、气管分泌物、粪便或被其污染的物品传播。 3、预防方法：生活、工作场所保持通风；注意个人卫生，勤洗手（用肥皂、洗手液、流水洗）；不与患者或疑似患者接触。 （二）流脑 1、主要表现：起病急，高热，剧烈头痛，呕吐，皮肤黏膜出现淤点淤斑，少数严重患者可出现休克、昏迷甚至死亡。 2、传播途径：主要通过咳嗽、喷嚏等经飞沫直接从空气传播。 3、预防方法：接种流脑疫苗；搞好环境卫生，保持室内通风，尽量避免到人多拥挤的公共场所，不与病人接触。 （三）流行性感冒 1、主要表现：起病急，畏寒发热，头痛，全身乏力、酸痛，体质较弱的患者如老人、儿童可出现肺炎，剧烈咳嗽，呼吸急促。 2、传播途径：主要经飞沫传播 3、预防方法：搞好环境卫生，保持室内通风，尽量避免到人多拥挤的公共场所，不与病人接触；养成良好的个人卫生习惯，勤洗手；加强锻炼，在每天洗脸时用冷水刺激鼻部，可以提高抵抗力，增加对寒冷的适应能力。接种流感疫苗。 （四）麻疹 1、主要表现：发热，全身不适，食欲减退，咳嗽，打喷嚏，流涕，眼结膜充血、畏光、流泪，口腔黏膜出斑，皮肤出疹等。 2、传播途径：主要通过飞沫直接传播。 3、预防方法：接种麻疹疫苗；搞好环境卫生，保持室内通风，尽量避免到人多拥挤的公共场所，不与病人接触。 五、血源性传染病的预防 病毒性肝炎 1、种类：甲肝、乙肝、丙肝、丁肝、戊肝等。 2、主要表现： （1）急性肝炎：起病急，畏寒、发热、全身乏力、厌油、恶心、呕吐、皮肤巩膜黄染； （2）慢性肝炎：疲乏、厌食、恶心、呕吐、腹胀、腹泻、肝区不适等。 3、传播途径： （1）甲肝、戊肝：主要通过肠道传播，即进食被病毒污染的食品或水而感染生病； （2）乙肝、丙肝、丁肝：主要经血液传播，可通过输血、不安全注射、血透等途径传播，亦可经由母亲传给新生儿。 4、预防方法： （1） 接种甲、乙肝疫苗可有效预防甲、乙肝； （2） 养成良好卫生习惯，饭前便后洗手，不吃生、冷、变质食物，生食、熟食要分开存放，剩饭菜要热透（尤其是热天），不随便到不卫生的摊点、饮食店就餐，防止病从口入。 （3）使用一次性注射器，不与他人共用针头（包括针灸）；尽量避免输血和使用血液制品；患乙肝或携带乙肝病毒的妇女分娩时应加强对婴儿的防护，避免传给孩子，新生儿生下24小时内注射乙肝高效价免疫球蛋白；不接触病人的血液及被血液污染的物品；不与病人共用食具、洗刷用具、剃须刀等。 六、虫媒传播及自然疫源性传染病的预防 （一）狂犬病 1、主要表现：早期表现为被狗或其它动物咬、抓伤后愈合的伤口及其周围有痒、痛、麻及蚁走等异样感觉，继而患者出现恐水、怕风、怕光、怕声等症状，绝大部分患者最后因呼吸循环衰竭而死亡。 2、传播途径：主要因被带狂犬病病毒的狗、猫或其它动物咬、抓伤而感染生病。 3、预防方法：避免被狗咬、抓伤，被狗咬、抓伤后要立即用20%肥皂水冲洗伤口半小时以上，并在24小时内到疾病预防控制中心（卫生防疫站）的动物咬伤门诊进一步处理伤口和接种狂犬病疫苗，切不可掉以轻心，狂犬病可防不可治。 （二）乙脑 1、主要表现： 高热、头痛、呕吐、意识障碍、抽搐，部分患者会留有严重的后遗症。 2、传播途径： 主要通过蚊虫叮咬传播 3、预防方法：灭蚊、防蚊是预防控制乙脑的重要措施，接种乙脑疫苗是目前最有效的预防方法，乙脑疫苗的接种对象为6个月6岁儿童。按照“一岗双责”的要求，成立了系统党风廉政建设工作领导小组，班子成员既要抓条线业务工作，还要对分管的科室人员负廉政领导责任as long as they caught up peach Lake and village after eight acres to create a standard, even if the County financial to be nervous, the County Government will fulfil their commitments, and 3 million Yuan/village of subsidies. Third, we must pay special attention to development of beauty industry. Construction and traditional villages and beautiful countryside protection of history and culture village, rural tourism, bed and breakfast in combining economic, on rural tourism development in precise and accurate positioning, precision marketing, supply, and vigorously promote the beautiful rural landscape of rural tourism complex, line, fashion boutique farm village construction and strive to build a group of XX feature quality boutique accommodation project. (C) efforts to get farmers to become even richer. Off not well-off, the key to fellow, the three agriculture, final destination was improving farmers welfare, improving farmers living standards. Focus on three aspects: one is increasing income-generating efforts. Actively developing the characteristic agriculture, processing, e-commerce, farm and bed and breakfast in economy, ensure a stable operating income growth. Deepen the three rights rights empowering the reform, promoting the property income growth. Strengthening of farmers skills training, increase employment levels, promoting sustained growth in wage income. Guide enterprises to strengthen social responsibility, equality and mutual benefit, and signed a contract of purchase and sale of agricultural products for farmers, cooperatives and farmers are encouraged guaranteed earnings + share distribution system, sharing the value-added benefits of industrial development. Second in the growing collective efforts. City has developed the implementation of village-level collective economy three years cultivating meter, Requires three years of hard work and largely kongkecun, the majority of villages have operating income. Against this target, we have to be based on local conditions, use your head, and actively explore and find ways, and ensure completion of tasks in the city. Third, work on stre