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职称英语基础班基础班第23讲讲义被动语态及常用介词被动语态及常用介词被动语态是动词的一种形式,只有主谓宾句型才有被动语态,它所强调的,不是动作的发出者,而是动作的接受者,在掌握了时态以后,学习被动语态并不难,重要的是牢记被动语态的动词形式,我们在后面为大家列的表格,请大家熟记。 The policeman arrested the thief.The thief was arrested (by the policeman).注:如果没有必要强调动作的发出者,我们可以把by the policeman省略。 Do did doneBE done-is done was done will be done would be done The teacher can translate this sentence in different ways.This sentence can be translated in different ways. 被动语态表Bite-bit bitThe dog bites me.I am bit by the dog.The dog bit me.I was bit by the doThe dog will bite me.I will be bit by the dog.I would be bit by the dog.The dog would bite me.The dog is biting me.I am being bit by the dog.The dog was biting me.I was being bit by the dog.The dog has bit me.I have been bit by the dog.The dog had bit me.I had been bit by the dog.Bite-bit bitThe dog bites me.阅读理解常用提问方式 1) Which of the following is not mentioned?2) Which of the following can be inferred(推断)?3) It can be concluded (结论) from the passage that . 4) It is believed by scientists that5) It can be seen ( see saw) from the passage that32 Nicotine 尼古丁gum 口香糖is used to help a smokerA) stop smoking.B) Reduce weight.C) Clean his teeth.D) Absorb nicotine immediately.介词学习介词学习about 关于,对于,在附近,在周围,在范围; They are talking about you. The passage is mainly about.above 在以上(标准),超过,过于; We were flying above the clouds.across 越过,交叉,横穿,在(对面) 那边; The bridge across the river is very long.after 在之后(时间),在后面; She will come after dinner.against 相反,反对,逆着,靠着; We sailed against the wind.我们逆风行船。 Drug taking is against the law.吸毒是违法的。along 顺着,沿着,带着; He walked along the path.among 在之中(三者以上); They live among the mountains.他们住在群山之中。around 围绕,四处,在周围,在范围内; From three to five years old, curiosity好奇心 knows no bounds限度.44. We learn from the passage that a child has boundless curiosityA. when he is two.B. When he is around four.C. When he is six.D. When he is eight.as 当作,作为,以身份; Some animals, as dogs and cats, eat meat.有些动物, 如狗, 猫等是食肉的。at 在方面,在地点,在时刻(短时间),对准; at home在家 at 85于85岁时 A red bus is stopping at the bus stop.一辆红色的公共汽车停在了汽车站。 Look at me.看着我。 Aim straight at the mark.对目标瞄准。 I laughed at his silliness.我笑他的愚蠢。 He is good at French擅长法语 because of 由于,因为 I didnt go out because of rain.因为下雨, 所以我没有出去。before 在之前(时间),先于;behind 在之后(物体),落后于,不如; He is behind the plan.他是幕后策划人。 The train was behind time.火车晚点了。 I am behind him in maths.我数学不如他。below 在下面(标准),到下面;The temperature is below zero.温度在零度以下。He was below her in intelligence.他的智力比她差。beside 在旁边,和比较;My home is beside the river.besides 除之外,在之外;He had few friends besides us. 除我们之外他没有什么朋友 between 在之间(两者),介乎之间,连接;He is a man between fifty and sixty.他是一个50岁到60岁之间的人。beyond 在那一边,超过,迟于,晚于;Some shops keep open beyond midnight.有些商店营业到半夜以后。by 在附近,在旁边,经,依据,按照,通过,用;we played by the rules.按规则比赛 by busThe book was written by Shakespeare莎士比亚写的I will have studied English for 10 years by 2010.during 在期间,在的时候;They swim every day during the holidays.他们在假期天天游泳。except 除了之外,除非,若不是,但是;She can do everything except cook.除了做饭之外她什么都会。for 为了,因为,至于,对于,适合于(一段时间) Ive got a little present for your birthday.我有一件小礼物送给你过生日。 Hes learning English for the fun of it.他为了好玩才学习英语的。 He has studied English for eight years.from 从开始,始于,今后,来自,由于; From three to five years old, curiosity好奇心 knows no bounds限度. from grades four to six.从四级到六级 from the beginning to the end从头至尾 a letter from Mary玛丽来的信in 在之内(敞开状态),从事于,在期间(较长时间); He lives in London.他住在伦敦。inside 在之内(封闭状态),在内部(时间),少于; She put the money inside her bag.她把钱放在包里。into 到里,进入到之内,深入之中; went into the house.走进屋子like 象,如同; He is like his father.near 在近旁,近似于; The new houses are built near the hill.of 的,由制成的,关于,对于,属于; According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is true of the animals?on 在之上,依附于,在时候,(特定的时间); jumped on the table;跳到桌子上opposite 在对面; Her house is opposite to mine.她的房子在我的房子对面。out of 从出来,出于,中间有; Why did many women feel that knitting was out of date?outside 在之外,向之外; Outside the house there was a notice saying for sale.这座房子外面有一招贴写着“吉屋待售”。over 越过,在正上方; In addition,in 2005,the USdeath死亡rate率dropped下降to an alltime low of less than 800 deaths per 100,000.34. Which of the following Statements is NOT true?A. The U.S.1ife expectancy is at an all-time high.B. The U.S. death rate was at an all-time low in 2005C. The annual death rate in the U.S. is over 800 deaths per 100,000D. Chronic disease appears to be at an alltime high in the U.S.round 在周围,环绕,在一带,在附近; The earth goes round the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 They sat round the table围坐在桌旁 The children stood round the teacher.孩子们围着老师站着。since 自从,自以来,从至今,既然,因为; They have been friends since childhood.他们从幼时起一直是好朋友through 穿过,通过,从头至尾,经由,凭借; She succeeded through hard work.她努力工作取得了成功。throughout 遍及,贯穿,从头至尾; The road is kept open throughout the year.这条路全年开通till 直到为止,直到(才),在以前; from morning till night从早到晚 He didnt return till ten oclock.他到十点才回来to 向,往,给,直到为止,在之前; I want a present to give to my wife.我要送我妻子一件礼物。toward 向,对于,为了,接近,将近; driving toward home.朝着回家的方向行驶under 在正下方,在之内,低于,未满; under a tree在树下 stand under a high wall站在高墙下面until 到为止,在以前; She cant leave until Friday.在星期五之前她不能离开with 与一起,和,带着,偕同,一致; to live with ones parents和父母同住 staying with a friend和朋友在一起 with her dog带着她的狗without 在外面,没有,如果没有,要没有; I cant do it without your help.没有你的帮助,我不能做这件事。介词about 关于,对于,在附近,在周围,在范围;above 在以上(标准),超过,过于;across 越过,交叉,横穿,在(对面) 那边;after 在之后(时间),在后面;against 相反,反对,逆着,靠着;along 顺着,沿着,带着;alongside 和并肩,与并排,在旁边;among 在之中(三者以上);around 围绕,四处,在周围,在范围内;as 当作,作为,以身份;at 在方面,在地点,在时刻(短时间),对准;because of 由于,因为;before 在之前(时间),先于;behind 在之后(物体),落后于,不如;below 在下面(标准),到下面;beneath 在之下(on的反义词),低于,劣于; beside 在旁边,和比较;besides 除之外,在之外;between 在之间(两者),介乎之间,连接;beyond 在那一边,超过,迟于,晚于;but(用于nothing, nobody, who, all等词之后)除之外;by 在附近,在旁边,经,依据,按照,通过,用;despite 尽管,不管,不论;down 在下方,往下方,尽头,沿着;during 在期间,在的时候;except 除了之外,除非,若不是,但是;for 为了,因为,至于,对于,适合于(一段时间)from 从开始,始于,今后,来自,由于;in 在之内(敞开状态),从事于,在期间(较长时间);inside 在之内(封闭状态),在内部(时间),少于;into 到里,进入到之内,深入之中;like 象,如同;near 在近旁,近似于;of 的,由制成的,关于,对于,属于;off 从离开,从掉下,脱离;on 在之上,依附于,在时候,(特定的时间);opposite 在对面;out of 从出来,出于,中间有;outside 在之外,向之外;over 越过,在正上方;past 过去(时间),超过,晚于,从经过;regarding 关于,对于,就而论;round 在周围,环绕,在一带,在附近;since 自从,自以来,从至今,既然,因为;through 穿过,通过,从头至尾,经由,凭借;throughout 遍及,贯穿,从头至尾;till 直到为止,直到(才),在以前;to 向,往,给,直到为止,在之前;toward 向,对于,为了,接近,将近;under 在正下方,在之内,低于,未满;until 到为止,在以前;up 向上,在上,沿;upon 在之上,在后立即;with 与一起,和,带着,偕同,一致;within 在之内(时间),在范围,不越出;without 在外面,没有,如果没有,要没有;连词并列连词and 和,那么,渐渐;or 或,否则,不管是,还是;but 但是,而是,的确但;nor 也不so 也是,因此,所以,那么,这样看来;for 因为(表示推测),由于;相关连词both A and B 既是A又是B;either A or B 不是A 就是B;neither A nor B 既不是A也不是B ,两者皆非;not only A but also B 不但A而且B;A as well as B 不但A而且B , 与,和;准连词而且 besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition;然而 yet, still, however, neverth

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