as和with区别.doc

1、 with （介词）的复合结构：一做状语，二做定语。作状语：1:with +名词/代词，表示随着.，Times change and we must change with them. 时代变了,我们也要跟着变。The risk of developing heart disease increases with the number of cigarettes smoked.吸食香烟的数量越多，患心脏病的风险就越大。Blood pressure decreases with exercise. 血压随着锻炼而降低。With all his abilities, he failed completely. 尽管很有能力,他还是一败涂地了。2：with +名词/代词+非谓语动词（现在分词/过去分词/不定式）作伴随状语/原因状语(1 )with + 名词/代词 +V-ing（现在分词） With prices going up so fast, we cant afford luxuries.由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。(原因状语)With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。(伴随情况)注：现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是说动作由with后的名词或代词发出，是主动者(2) with + 名词/代词 +V-ed（过去分词）I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。(伴随情况)She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。(原因状语)注：过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系，也就是说with后面的宾语是动作的承受者，是被动的(3) with或without+名词/代词 + to do (动词不定式)With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.由于没人可以说话的人，约翰感到很悲哀。(原因状语)With a lot of work to do, he wasnt allowed to go out.因为还有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。(原因状语)注：不定式表示将发生的动作。总结：with加不定式是指将要进行的动作, 加分词是指主动或被动动作，现在分词是主动，过去分词是被动。作定语：Anyone with its eyes in his head can see its exactly like a rope.任何一个头上长着眼睛的人都能看出它完全像一条绳子。（有着，带着，修饰限定这个人）二、as（连词），可以引导各种状语从句。1.as用来引导时间状语从句 多用于动作发生时间较短时，常有“正当之时”之意She fell of the bus as she got down. 表“边边”或“随着”之意时常用asHe whistled as he rode on.As time went on, he became less active.（主句随从句变化而变化）2. as引导原因状语从句表示“由于” ，语气较弱，较口语化，表明显的原因或已知的事实，常放在句首。 As he had been ready for the worst, he was not disappointed at the result.3. as引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”Child as he is ,he knows a lot.尽管他是一个孩子，他知道的很多。三、as和with的区别： 只有一个相同点：as 与with 都可以表示伴随。但是当表达“随着”的意思时，as是个连词，而with是个介词。结构不同：As主语谓语动词，主句With 名、代词 介词、形容词，副词，分词，不定式也就是说：as既然是个连词，它后面一定跟的是一个完整的句子。(因为连词的作用是连接两个句子的，如连接主句和从句，或者两个并列的句子，如and和but）而with作为介词，是不能单独作句子成分的, 只能与名词、代词及其他复合结构等在一起，才能在句中充当成分。eg. As the production increased by 20 percent, we have had another good harvest year.With the production up by 20 percent, we have had .（as后是个完整的句子，有主谓宾等主干结构）随着产量增长20，.He enjoys listening to music with his eyes closed.他喜欢闭着眼睛听音乐。（with后是with的复合结构：with+代词+过去分词）With复合结构详见最前面部分一。He came out of the room with his eyes shining. 他走出房间，眼里闪着亮光。 （with+代词+现在分词）Dont speak with your mouth full. 嘴里吃东西时不要讲话。(with+名词+形容词)Mother looked at me with tears in her eyes. 母亲含泪看着我。with独立结构的位置可前可后，如： With a lot of work to do, he fel