10020701课件_信息检索_第2讲.ppt

信息检索与文献阅读 化学0701 0702 2009年9月10日 第一部分化学专业基础英语阅读 20学时 第二部分英文阅读材料 12学时 第三部分信息检索 16学时 第一章作为定量科学和物质科学的化学第二章原子 分子和离子第三章气态第四章热化学第五章有机化合物和基团的命名第六章无机化学 有机化学 物理化学 分析化学化学术语 第一部分化学专业基础英语阅读 20学时 第二部分英文阅读材料 12学时 第一章松香酸度的标准测试方法第二章 族半导体制备的新方法 InP纳米晶的超声化学合成第三章分子离子材料的计算机模拟第四章透射Laue法的X射线衍射第五章销售合同第六章专利说明书 第三部分信息检索 16学时 第一章信息检索基础第二章超星图书馆第三章中国期刊网第四章维普第五章工程索引 Ei 第六章美国化学文摘 CA 第七章专利 教材和参考书 1 魏高原 化学专业基础英语知识 I IntroductoryChemistrySpecialityEnglish 北京大学出版社 2004 2 ReadingMaterials 自编讲义 3 陈英 科技信息检索 第二版 科学出版社 2005 4 万锡仁 InformationRetrievalandRelatedReadingMaterials 待出版 5 美 PhilipBall著 魏高原等注释 化学专业基础英语 II 北京大学出版社 2001 课堂教学内容安排 第一节课 教学要求说明 词汇预习 课文阅读理解 第二节课 课文阅读理解 续 答疑 布置课后作业 课堂书面练习 Chapter2Atoms Molecules andIons 第二章原子 分子和离子 一 教学要求掌握 化学中化合物分子式 化学方程式的表示 无机化合物的命名 原子质量 分子质量和摩尔质量关系及简单计算 常用原子 分子和离子的英语词汇 熟悉 原子 分子和离子的英语词汇 了解 原子和离子的分类和基本概念 二 词汇 NewWordsandExpressions combination化合compound化合物substance物质composition组成polyatomic多原子的referto as称为anion anionic 阴离子cation cationic 阳离子chemicalformula化学式 MonatomicMoleculesDiatomicMoleculesHeHeliumH2HydrogenNeNeonO2OxygenArArgonN2nitrogenKrKryptonF2fluorineXeXenonC12chlorineRnRadonI2iodinePolyatomicMoleculesP4PhosphorusAs4ArsenicSb4AntimonyS8SulfurSe8Selenium ChemicalFormulasforMoleculesofElements subscript下标structuralformula结构式chemicalbond化学键 ChemicalformulasforSomeSimpleCompounds waterH2OcarbonmonoxideCOcarbondioxideCO2sulfurdioxideSO2silversulfideAg2SpotassiumchlorideKClammoniaNH3methaneCH4 NH4 AmmoniumionNO2 NitriteionCN CyanideionNO3 NitrateionCO32 CarbonateionO22 PeroxideionClO3 ChlorateionOH HydroxideionC1O4 PerchlorateionPO43 PhosphateionCrO42 ChromateionSO32 SulfiteionCr2O2 DichromateionSO42 SulfateionMnO4 PermanganateionCH3COO Acetateion PolyatomicIons Structureformulas knowncollectivelyas 统称为 parenthesis parentheses 括号salt盐binarymolecularcompound二元分子化合物prefix前缀 Mn2 manganese II ionMn3 manganese III ionCu copper I ionCu2 copper II ionCl chlorideionO2 oxideionN3 nitrideionN3 azideionO22 peroxideionCuClcopper I chlorideCuCl2copper II chlorideNa3PsodiumphosphideA12 SO4 3aluminumsulfate hydrochloricacidHCl aq carbonicacidH2CO3 aq nitricacidHNO3perchloricacidHClO4phosphoricacidH3PO4sulfuricacidH2SO4nitrousacidHNO2 aq sulfurousacidH2SO3 aq phosphorousacidH3PO3arseniousacidHAsO2 Acid seleniousacidH2SeO3selenicacidH2SeO4 ChlorideionC1 CarbonateionCO32 HydrogencarbonateionHCO3 NitrateionNO3 NitriteionNO2 PerchlorateionC1O4 PhosphateionPO43 HydrogenphosphateionHPO42 DihydrogenphosphateionH2PO4 HydrogenphosphiteionHPO32 SulfateionSO42 HydrogensulfateionHSO4 SulfiteionSO32 HydrogensulfiteionHSO3 ic 酸 ite 亚 酸 ate 酸 盐 ous 亚 酸 盐 ide 化物 GreekandLatinprefixMono 1Di 2Tri 3Tetra 4Penta 5Hexa 6Hepta 7Octa 8Nona 9Deca 10 chemicalequation化学方程式reactant反应物product产物aqueoussolution水溶液positiveandnegativeions正离子和负离子dissolution溶解dissociation解离ionization电离 molarmass摩尔质量Avogadro snumber Avogadro常数 microscopic微观的macroscopic宏观的ozonemolecule臭氧分子molarity摩尔浓度concentration浓度quantitative定量的qualitative定性的 sodiumhydroxide氢氧化钠laboratory实验室empiricalformula经验式potassium钾percentagecomposition百分组成cryoliten 冰晶石 氟铝酸钠fluorine氟 三 课文的阅读理解 学生阅读课文5 10分钟 教师指定学生逐段朗读课文 并翻译成中文 教师及时评讲 3 1AtomsandIonsinCombination 化合状态中的原子和离子 MolecularandIonicCompounds 分子化合物和离子化合物 Whentwoormoreatomscombinechemicallytheyformamolecule Amoleculeisthesmallestparticleofapuresubstancethathasthecompositionandpropertiesofthatsubstanceandiscapableofindependentexistence Thenaturallyoccurringformsofsomeelementsarediatomicmolecules moleculesconsistingoftwoatoms orpolyatomicmolecules whichcontainmorethantwoatoms Werefertothecompoundscomposedofmoleculesasmolecularcompounds Whenanatomgainsoneormoreelectronsitacquiresanegativechargeandisknownasananion whenanatomlosesoneormoreelectronsitacquiresapositivechargeandisknownasacation Anioniccompound e g NaCl consistsofpositiveandnegativeions Na andCl heldtogetherbyelectricalattraction Thechemicalformulaofanioniccompoundgivestheratioofions butindividualmoleculesarenotordinarilypresent 2 FormulasforChemicalCompounds 2 化合物的化学式 Achemicalformulagivesthesymbolsfortheelementsinacompoundwithsubscriptsindicatingthenumberofatomsofeachelementpresent Foramolecularcompound theformularepresentsthenumberofatomsinonemolecule Foranioniccompound theformulagivestheratioofionspresentinthesimplestunit oroneformulaunit Astructuralformulaisessentiallyadiagramshowinghowtheatomsinacompoundorionarelinkedtoeachotherbychemicalbonds TheformulaMg2 NO3 2isread M G N oh three taken twice 3 NamingChemicalCompounds 3化合物命名 Therulesthatgovernthenamingofchemicalcompoundsareknowncollectivelyas 统称为 chemicalnomenclature命名法 IntheStocksystem thenameofacationconsistsofthenameoftheelement thechargeontheionasaRomannumeralinparentheses parenthesis 圆括号 单数 andtheword ion Thenameofamonatomicanion e g Cl consistsofthenameoftheelementwiththeending ide followedbytheword ion Abinarycompoundisonecontainingatomsorionsofonlytwoelements Saltsareioniccompoundsformedbetweencationsandtheanionsofacids Forbinarymolecularcompounds prefixesareusedtoindicatethenumberofatomsofeachelementpresent 4 ChemicalEquations 4 化学方程式 Thesubstancesthatundergochangesinachemicalreactionarecalledthereactants andthenewsubstancesformedaretheproducts Thechemicalchangethattakesplaceisrepresentedwithsymbolsandformulasinachemicalequation Allchemicalequationsmustbebalanced thecorrectcoefficientsmustbeusedforeachspeciessothatalltheatomsofeachelementinthereactantscanbeaccountedfor解释 说明intheproducts Informationaboutthestatesofreactantsandproductsmaybeprovidedbysymbolsaftertheformulas g forgas l forliquid s forsolid and aq forsubstancesinaqueoussolution Thetransformationofaneutralioniccompoundintopositiveandnegativeions usuallybydissolution溶解inwater iscalleddissociation 解离 Theformationofionsfromamolecularcompoundisknownasionization 电离 Forexample 3 2Atomic Molecular andMolarMassRelationships 3 2原子 分子和摩尔质量的关系 1 MolecularMass 1 分子质量 Themolecularmassofachemicalcompoundisthesumoftheatomicmasses inatomicmassunits ofalltheatomsintheformulaofthecompound Forexample 2 Avogadro sNumber TheMole andMolarMass 2 阿佛加德罗常数 摩尔和摩尔质量 Avogadro snumberisthenumberofatomsinexactly12gofcarbon 12 itisequalto6 022 1023 AmoleisanumberofanythingequaltoAvogadro snumber Themoleistheunitthatprovidestheconnectionbetweenmassesonthemicroscopiclevel measuredinatomicmassunits andmassesonthemacroscopiclevel measuredingrams Themolarmassofasubstanceisthemassingramsofonemoleofthatsubstance e g 1Howmanyozonemoleculesandhowmanyoxygenatomsarepresentin48 00gofozone O3 3 Molarity摩尔浓度 M Molarmass摩尔量inSolutions 3摩尔浓度 溶液中的摩尔量 Theconcentrationofasubstanceinsolutionisaquantitativestatementoftheamountofsoluteinagivenamountofsolventorsolution Concentrationsareoftengiveninmolesperliterofsolution ormolarity M e g 1Anexperimentcalledfortheadditionof1 50molofNaOHintheformofadilutesolution Theonlysodiumhydroxidesolutionthatcouldbefoundinthelaboratorywasa2Lcontainermarked 0 1035MNaOH Whatvolumeofthissolutionwouldberequiredforthe1 50molofNaOH Ifthe2Lcontainerwasfull wouldthisbeenough Whatvolumeofthissolutionwouldberequiredforthe1 50molofNaOH Ifthe2Lcontainerwasfull wouldthisbeenough 1 50molNaOH 1L 0 1035molNaOH 14 5LNotenough 3 3CompositionofaChemicalCompound SimplestandEmpiricalFormulas andMolecularFormulas 3 3化合物的组成 最简式和经验式和分子式 Thepercentage bymass ofeachelementpresentinachemicalcompoundisitspercentagecomposition Thesimplestformulaofacompoundgivesthesimplestwhole numberratiooftheatomsitcontains Anexperimentallydeterminedsimplestformulaiscalledanempiricalformula itcanbedeterminedfromthepercentagecompositionandthemolarmassesoftheelementspresent Themolecularformulaofacompoundrepresentstheactualnumberofatomsofeachelementpresentinamolecule Tofindthemolecularformulaofacompounditisnecessarytoknowbothitsempiricalformulaanditsmolecularormolarmass whichisusuallysomemultipleofthemasscalculatedfromtheempiricalformula e g 1A3 91gsampleofpotassiummetalwhenburnedinoxygenformedacompoundweighing7 11gandcontainingonlypotassiumandoxygen Whatisthepercentagecompositionofthiscompound K 3 91gK 7 11gcompound 100 55 0 O 1 0 55 100 45 0 e g 2Themineralcryoliten 冰晶石 氟铝酸钠contains33 bymassofNa 13 bymassofAl and54 bymassofF fluorine Determinetheempiricalformulaofthecompound e g 3TheempiricalformulaforasubstancewasdeterminedtobeCH Theapproximatemolarmassofthesubstancewasexperimentallyfoundtobe79g Whatisthemolecularformulaofthismolecularcompound Whatistheexactmolarmass 四 答疑 一般情况下 争对学生提出的问题进行个别答疑 1 TranslatethetechnicaltermsinthetextintoChinesebyreferringtorelevantdictionaries 2 page24 25 01 a b 02 a b 05 103 TranslatethistextintoChinese 五 课后作业 Exercises 01Writetheformulaforeachofthefollowingsimplecationsandanions simplebinarycompounds saltsofpolyatomicions andmorecomplexbinarymolecularcompounds a sodiumion zincion silverion mercury I ion iron II ion lithiumion bismuth 化 铋 ion iron I ion chromium ion potassiumion phosphide磷化物ion sulfideion telluride碲化物ion chlorideion andiodideion b sodiumfluoride zincoxide bariumperoxide magnesiumbromide hydrogeniodide sodiumazide calciumphosphide iron II oxide silverfluoride copper I chloride potassiumazide manganese oxide andiron oxide 02Writeachemicalequationrepresentingeachofthefollowingreactions a solidaluminumsulfidereactswithliquidwatertogivesolidaluminumhydroxideandgaseoushydrogensulfideand b gaseousozonereactswithgaseousnitrogenmonoxidetoproducegaseousnitrogendioxideandgaseousoxygen 05WhatmassofA12 SO4 3willcontainanumberofA13 ionsequaltoAvogadro snumber WhatmassofA12 SO4 3willcontainatotalnumberofionsequalto Avogadro snumber WhatmassofA12 SO4 3willcontainatotalnumberofatomsequaltoAvogadro snumber 10A1 000gsampleofanalcoholwasburnedinoxygenandproduced1 913gofCO2and1 174gofH2O ThealcoholcontainedonlyC H andO Whatistheempiricalformulaofthealcohol 预习内容 复习内容 1 复习和整理本课文的专业词汇 2 本课文的全文翻译 Chapter3TheGaseousState 六 课堂练习 请将下列英文翻译成中文 Mangmetalsareusedinconditionswheretheymaybeaffectedbytheatmosphereandmoisture socorrosionbytheattackofthesetwomediaisthemostfamiliarkind Forexample thesteelworkofalanding stageattheseasidetendstobecomebadlycorrodedbecausetheregularimmersioninseawaterwiththeriseandfallofthetidecausesevenmoreintensecorrosionthantherewouldbeifthesteelwerepermanentlycoveredbythesea Arailwaylineinacountrydistrictmaylastseventyyearsbutinatunnelthelifemaybeonly3to8years 将下列词汇翻译成中文 combinationcompoundsubstancecompositionpolyatomicreferto asanion anionic cation cationic chemicalformula MonatomicMoleculesDiatomicMoleculesPolyatomicMoleculesHeliumHydrogenPhosphorusNeonOxygenArsenicArgonNitrogenAntimonyKryptonFluorineSulfurXenonChlorineSeleniumRadonIodine ChemicalFormulasforMoleculesofElements subscriptstructuralformulachemicalbond ChemicalformulasforSomeSimpleCompounds watercarbonmonoxidecarbondioxidesulfurdioxidesilversulfidepotassiumchlorideammoniamethane NH4 AmmoniumionNO2 NitriteionCN CyanideionNO3 NitrateionCO32 CarbonateionO22 PeroxideionClO3 ChlorateionOH HydroxideionC1O4 PerchlorateionPO43 PhosphateionCrO42 ChromateionSO32 SulfiteionCr2O2 DichromateionSO42 SulfateionMnO4 PermanganateionCH3COO Acetateion PolyatomicIons Structureformulas knowncollectivelyasparentheses parenthesis saltbinarymolecularcompoundprefix Mn2 manganese II ionMn3 nanganese I ionCu copper I ionCu2 copper II ionCl chlorideionO2 oxideionN3 nitrideionN3 azideionO22 peroxideionCuClcopper I chlorideCuCl2copper II chlorideNa3PsodiumphosphideA12 SO4 3aluminumsulfate hydrochloricacidHCl aq carbonicacidH2CO3 aq nitricacidHNO3nitrousacidHNO2 aq perchloricacidHClO4phosphoricacidH3PO4sulfuricacidH2SO4sulfurousacidH2SO3 aq phosphorousacidH3PO3arseniousacidHAsO2 Acid seleniousacidH2SeO3selenicacidH2SeO4 ChlorideionC1 CarbonateionCO32 HydrogencarbonateionHCO3 NitrateionNO3 NitriteionNO2 PerchlorateionC1O4 PhosphateionPO43 HydrogenphosphateionHPO42 DihydrogenphosphateionH2PO4 HydrogenphosphiteionHPO32 SulfateionSO42 HydrogensulfateionHSO4 SulfiteionSO32 HydrogensulfiteionHSO3 GreekandLatinprefixMono 1Di 2Tri 3Tetra 4Penta 5Hexa 6Hepta 7Octa 8Nona 9Deca 10 chemicalequationreactantproductaqueoussolutionpositiveandnegativeionsdissolutiondissociationionization molarmassAvogadro numbermicroscopicmacroscopicozonemoleculemolarityconcentrationquantitativequalitative sodiumhydroxidelaboratoryempiricalformulapotassiumpercentagecompositioncryolitefluorine 01Writetheformulaforeachofthefollowingsimplecationsandanions simplebinarycompounds saltsofpolyatomicions andmorecomplexbinarymolecularcompounds a sodiumion zincion silverion mercury I ion iron II ion lithiumion bismuth 化 铋 ion iron I ion chromium ion potassiumion phosphide磷化物ion sulfideion telluride碲化物ion chlorideion andiodideion b sodiumfluoride zincoxide bariumperoxide magnesiumbromide hydrogeniodide sodiumazi