《中医基础理论》双语教学大纲.doc

中医基础理论双语教学大纲 （供七年制中医专业使用）前言中医基础理论是中医、针灸专业一门重要的专业基础课，在中医、针灸专业学生的知识结构中起着承前启后的重要作用，本课程采用中英文相结合的形式介绍中医理论体系的形成、发展和主要特点，讲解中医学的哲学观（包括精气、阴阳、五行）、中医学的生理观（包括藏象、精气血津液、经络）、中医学的病理观（包括病因、发病、病机）及防治观（预防治则）。旨在使同学们熟悉中医名词术语的常用英文表达形式，了解中医理论的翻译方法，初步具备一定的专业英语水平。本课程使同学们在已学英语的基础上，利用英语获得专业知识，强化学术英语的氛围，为继承和发展中医药事业，并借助英语这一语言工具将其发扬光大、走向世界奠定基础。本课程的教学, 以课堂讲授为主。要求教师用通俗的语言，由浅入深、循序渐进地讲述各部分的基本概念和基础理论、基本知识内容。要做到突出重点、讲清难点、交待疑点。教学过程中，要尽量把抽象的概念具体化、形象化，积极设计和创制主观教具与图表，以提高课堂教学效果。本课程按36学时设计，课程结束时进行考试，中间可安排测验1次。教学要求及内容绪 论【目的要求】 1掌握中医理论体系的主要特点。 2了解中医学、中医基础理论的基本概念、中医基础理论的主要内容及其形成和发展概况。【教学内容】一、中医学的基本概念二、中医理论体系的形成和发展（一） 先秦、秦、汉时期（二） 晋、隋、唐时期（三） 宋、金、元时期（四） 明清时期（五） 近代和现代三、中医理论体系的主要特点（一） 整体观念（二） 辨证论治第一章 阴阳五行学说 【目的要求】1掌握阴阳的基本概念和阴阳学说的主要内容。2掌握五行的基本概念和五行学说的主要内容。3了解阴阳学说和五行学说在中医学中的应用。【教学内容】第一节 阴阳学说一、 阴阳的基本概念二、 阴阳学说的基本内容（一） 阴阳对立制约（二） 阴阳互根互用（三） 阴阳消长平衡（四） 阴阳相互转化三、 阴阳学说在中医学中的应用（一） 说明人体的组织结构（二） 说明人体的生理功能（三） 说明人体的病理变化（四） 用于疾病的诊断（五） 用于疾病的防治第二节 五行学说一、 五行的基本概念和各自的特性二、 五行学说的主要内容（一） 五行的相生、相克和制化（二） 五行的相乘、相侮和母子相及三、 五行学说在中医学中的应用（一） 说明五脏的生理功能及其相互关系（二） 说明五脏病变的相互影响（三） 用于疾病的诊断（四） 用于疾病的治疗第二章 藏象学说【目的要求】1 掌握藏象的基本概念和中医对内脏的分类方法。2掌握五脏的主要功能。3掌握六腑的主要功能。4掌握脑和女子胞的主要功能。5掌握脏与脏、脏与腑、腑与腑之间的关系。6了解五脏与形、窍、志、液之间的特定关系。7了解心包和命门学说的梗概。【教学内容】第一节 五脏一、 心（一） 心的主要生理功能（二）心与形窍志液的关系附 心包络二、 肺（一） 肺的主要生理功能（二） 肺与形窍志液的关系三、 肝（一） 肝的主要生理功能（二） 肝与形窍志液的关系四、 脾（一） 脾的主要生理功能（二） 脾与形窍志液的关系五、 肾（一） 肾的主要生理功能（二） 肾与形窍志液的关系附 命门第二节 六腑一、胆 二、胃三、小肠四、大肠五、膀胱六、三焦第三节 奇恒之府一、脑二、女子胞第四节 脏腑之间的关系一、脏与脏之间的关系二、六腑之间的关系三、五脏与六腑之间的关系第三章 气血津液【目的要求】一、掌握气的基本概念、生成、运行、功能及其分类。二、掌握血的基本概念、生成、运行和功能。三、掌握津液的基本概念、代谢和功能。四、了解气血津液之间的关系。【教学内容】第一节 气一、气的基本概念：无形而运行不息的极精微物质。二、气的生成（一）气的生成之源（二）气的生成与脏腑功能的关系三、气的功能（一）推动作用（二）温煦作用（三）防御作用（四）固摄作用（五） 气化作用四、气的运动（一）气机的概念（二）气运动的形式（三）气运动的意义五、气的分类元气、宗气、营气、卫气、脏腑之气、经络之气的组成、分布及功能。第二节 血一、血的基本概念。二、血的生成：血液的化生之源及相关的脏腑功能。三、血的功能：濡养；化神。四、血的运行：维持血液运行的主要因素及其相关脏腑功能。第三节 津 液一、津液的基本概念：包括津与液的区别。二、津液的代谢：津液的生成、输布和排泄及相关的脏腑功能。三、津液的功能：滋润濡养；充养血脉。第四节 气血津液之间的关系一、气与血的关系：气为血之帅(气能生血、行血、摄血)；血为气之母(血能载气，血能养气)。二、气与津液的关系：气能生津；气能行津；气能摄津；津能载气；津能生气。四、 血津液之间的关系：津血同源。第四章 经 络【目的要求】一、掌握经络的概念、经络系统的组成。二、掌握十二经脉的循行规律。三、掌握奇经八脉的循行规律。四、掌握经络的生理功能。五、了解十二经脉和奇经八脉的循行路线。六、了解经络学说的临床应用。【教学内容】第一节 经络学说概述经络的基本概念。经络系统的组成。一、十二经脉的名称、循行规律和循行部位。二、奇经八脉的名称、循行规律和循行部位。第二节 经络的生理功能一、 沟通表里上下，联络脏腑组织器官二、 运行气血阴阳第三节 经络学说的应用一、阐释病理变化。二、指导疾病的诊断和治疗。第五章 病 因【目的要求】一、掌握六淫、疠气的概念和共同致病特点，六淫各自的致病特点。二、掌握七情的概念，七情内伤的致病特点。三、掌握痰饮、瘀血的基本概念、形成原因和致病特点。四、了解饮食失宜、劳逸失度的致病规律和特点。【教学内容】 第一节 六 淫 一、六淫的概念及共同致病特点。 二、六淫各自的性质和致病特点。（一） 风邪：阳邪，轻扬开泄，易袭阳位，善行数变，主动，为百病之长。（二） 寒邪：阴邪，易伤阳气，其性凝滞、收引。（三） 湿邪：阴邪，易阻遏气机、损伤阳气，其性重浊、粘滞、趋下。（四） 燥邪：其性干涩，易伤津液、燥易伤肺。（五）火(热)邪：阳邪，其性趋上，易扰心神，易伤津耗气，生风动血，易致疮痈。（六） 暑邪：阳邪，其性炎热、升散，易伤津耗气，多挟湿邪。附：疠 气疠气的致病特点：发病急骤，病情重笃；传染性强，易于流行；一气一病，症状相似。第二节 七情内伤一、七情的基本概念。二、七情内伤的致病特点：直接伤及内脏，首先影响心神；影响脏腑气机；多发为情志病；影响病情。第三节 饮食失宜一、 饮食不节：过饥；过饱。二、 饮食不洁三、 饮食偏嗜。第四节 劳逸失度一、过劳：劳力过度伤气；劳神过度伤心脾；房劳过度耗伤肾精肾气。二、过逸。第五节 病理产物一、痰饮痰饮的基本概念。（一）痰饮的形成：包括原因和机理。（二）痰饮的致病特点：阻滞气血运行；影响水液代谢；易于蒙蔽神明；致病广泛，变化多端。二、瘀血瘀血的基本概念（一）瘀血的形成：病因和机理。（二）瘀血的致病特点：易于阻滞气机；影响血脉运行；影响新血生成；病位固定，病证繁多。（三）瘀血致病的病症特点：刺痛；出血；肿块；青紫；舌脉改变。第六章 病 机【目的要求】一、掌握发病的基本原理。二、掌握邪正盛衰与虚实变化和疾病发展转归的关系。三、掌握阴阳失调的病机。四、掌握气血津液失常的病机。五、了解影响发病的因素。【教学内容】第一节 发病一、发病的基本原理：正气与邪气的概念及在发病中的作用。二、影响发病的主要因素：外界环境、体质和情志因素。第二节 基本病机一、邪正盛衰二、阴阳失调三、气血津液失常第七章 防治原则【目的要求】一、掌握治标治本、扶正祛邪、调整阴阳和三因制宜等治疗原则。二、了解预防的基本概念和基本原则和方法。【教学内容】第一节 预 防一、预防的原则二、预防的方法第二节 治 则一、治标与治本。二、扶正与祛邪。三、调整阴阳。四、三因制宜。Introduction【Purposes】1. Master the essential characteristics of TCM2. Understand the basic concept of TCM and the characters of development of TCM in different historical periods【Contents】1. The basic concept of TCM2. The formation and development of the theoretical system of TCMFour ancient classics of TCMFour great doctors in the Jin and the Yuan DynastiesSchool of seasonal febrile diseaseThe combination of TCM and western medicine3. The basic characteristics of TCM(1) Concept of holism1) Organic wholeness of the body 2) The close relationship between humans and environment(2) Syndrome differentiation and treatment1) Symptom and syndrome2) Syndrome differentiation and treatment3) “Treating the same disease with different methods” and “Treating different diseases with the same method”1. The theory of yin-yang and the five elements【Purposes】1. Master Concepts of the Yin-yang and Major Concepts of the Yin-yang 2. Master Concepts of the Five Elements and Major Concepts of the Five Elements 3. Understand the Application of Yin-yang and the Five Elements to Medicine 【Contents】1.1 The theory of yin-yang 1.1.1 The concept of yin-yang 1.1.1.1 The formation of yin-yang 1.1.1.2 The concept of yin-yang1.1.1.3 The relativity of yin and yang 1.1.2 The major concepts of yin-yang theory1.1.2.1 Opposition of yin and yang1.1.2.2 Interdependence between yin and yang 1.1.2.3 Wane and wax between yin and yang1.1.2.4 Mutual transformation between yin and yang1.1.3 Application of the theory of yin-yang in TCM1.1.3.1 Explanation of the histological structure of the human body 1.1.3.2 Explanation of the physiological functions of the body1.1.3.3 Explanation of pathogenesis1.1.3.4 Diagnosis of disease1.1.3.5 Guiding clinical treatment1.2 The theory of the five elements1.2.1 Concept and characteristics of the five elements1.2.1.1 Concept of the five elements1.2.1.2 Characteristics of the five elements1.2.2 Interactions among the five elements1.2.2.1 Inter-promotion and inter-restraint among the five elements1.2.2.2 Over restraint and reverse restraint1.2.3 Application of the theory of the five elements in TCM1.2.3.1 Explaining the physiological functions of the five zang-organs and the relationships among them1.2.3.2 Explaining pathological interactions among the five zang-organs1.2.3.3 Guiding clinical diagnosis1.2.3.4 Guiding the treatment of disease2. Viscera and their manifestations 【Purposes】1. Master the concept of the visceral theory 2. Master the major functions of five zang-organs3. Master the major functions of five fu-organs4. Master the major functions of brain and uterus5. Master the relations among five zang-organs, the relations among zang-organs and fu-organs and the relations among the six fu-organs6. Understand the relationship of five zang-organs to other organs 7. Understand pericardium and life gate【Contents】Brief introduction2.1 The five zang-organs2.1.1 The heart2.1.1.1 The physiological functions of the heart2.1.1.2 The relationships between the heart and the body, the sensory organs and the orifices, the emotions and the body fluid2.1.2 The lung2.1.2.1 The physiological functions of the lung2.1.2.2 The relationships between the lung and the body, the sensory organs and the orifices, the emotions and the body fluid2.1.3 The liver2.1.3.1 The physiological functions of the liver2.1.3.2 The relationships between the liver and the body, the sensory organs and the orifices, the emotions and the body fluid2.1.4 The spleen2.1.4.1 The physiological functions of the spleen 2.1.4.2 The relationships between the spleen and the body, the sensory organs and the orifices, the emotions and the body fluid2.1.5 The kidney2.1.5.1 The physiological functions of the kidney2.1.5.2 The relationships between the kidney and the body, the sensory organs and the orifices, the emotions and the body fluid2.2 The six fu-organs2.2.1 The gallbladder2.2.2 The stomach2.2.3 The small intestine2.2.4 The large intestine2.2.5 The bladder2.2.6 The triple energizer2.3 The extraordinary fu-organs2.3.1 The brain2.3.2 The uterus2.4 The relationships among the zang-organs and the fu-organs2.4.1 The relationships among the five zang-organs2.4.2 The relationships among the six fu-organs2.4.3 The relationships between the five zang-organs and the six fu-organs 3. Qi, blood and body fluid 【Purposes】1. Master the basic concept, production, movement, functions and classification of qi 2. Master the concept, production, circulation and functions of blood3. Master the concept, metabolism and functions of body fluid4. Understand the relationships among qi, blood and body fluid【Contents】3.1 Qi3.1.1 The basic concept of qi3.1.2 The production of qi3.1.3 The physiological functions of qi3.1.4 The movement of qi3.1.5 The classification of qi 3.2 Blood3.2.1 The basic concept of blood3.2.2 The production of blood3.2.3 The physiological functions of blood3.2.4 The circulation of blood3.3 Body fluid3.3.1 The basic concept of body fluid3.3.2 The metabolism of body fluid(The production, transportation and excretion of body fluid)3.3.3 The physiological functions of body fluid3.4 The relationships among qi, blood and body fluid3.4.1 The relationship between qi and blood3.4.2 The relationship between qi and body fluid3.4.3 The relationship between blood and body fluid4 The meridians and collaterals 【Purposes】1. Master the concept of the meridians and collaterals, and the constitution of the system of meridians and collaterals 2. Master the law of the distribution of the twelve meridians3. Master the law of the distribution of the eight extraordinary vessels4. Understand the distribution of the twelve meridians and the eight extraordinary vessels5. Understand the clinical application of the theory of meridians and collaterals【Contents】4.1 The content of the theory of meridians and collaterals4.1.1 The twelve meridians4.1.2 The eight extraordinary vessels4.2 The basic functions of the meridians and collaterals4.2.1 To connect the external with the internal as well as to connect the viscera with other organs4.2.2 To transport qi, blood, yin and yang to nourish the viscera and the body4.3 The clinical application of the theory of meridians and collaterals4.3.1 To explain pathogenesis and pathological transmission4.3.2 To guide the diagnosis and treatment of disease5. Causes of disease 【Purposes】1. Master the concept and the characteristics of the six climatic factors and the pestilent-qi 2. Master the concept of seven emotions and the characteristics of internal impairment due to seven emotions3. Master the concept and the characteristics of phlegm, rheum and blood stasis4. Understand the characteristics of improper diet and overwork and over-rest【Contents】5.1 The six climatic factors5.2 Internal impairment due to seven emotions5.3 Improper diet5.4 Overwork and over-rest5.5 Diseases caused by phlegm, rheum and blood stasis6. Pathogenesis 【Purposes】1. Master occurrence of disease and the relationship between pathogenic factors and the healthy qi2. Master predomination and decline of pathogenic factors and healthy qi3. Master imbalance between yin and yang4. Master disorder of qi, blood and body fluid5. Understand constitution and disease 【Contents】6.1 Causes of disease6.1.1 Occurrence of disease and the relationship between pathogenic factors and the healthy qi6.1.2 Constitution and disease6.2 Mechanism of pathological changes6.2.1 Predomination and decline of pathogenic factors and healthy qi6.2.2 Imbalance between yin and yang6.2.3 Disorder of qi, blood and body fluid7. Prevention and th